{"built":"2026-11-04","pages":{"bourbon":{"id":"bourbon","type":"variety","curated":true,"name":"Bourbon coffee","title":"Bourbon coffee","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bourbon_coffee","desc":"Variety of coffee plant","about":["Bourbon is a cultivar of Coffea arabica. It is one of the two main varietals from which many new cultivars are bred, the other being Typica. Both originated in Yemen.","Bourbon coffee was first produced in Réunion island, known as Île Bourbon before 1789. The French later took it to mainland Africa and Latin America.","Bourbon grows best at elevations between 1,100 and 2,000 meters (3,600 and 6,600 ft) and gives a 20–30% higher yield than Typica, but produces a similar quality of coffee.  Bourbon has a commercially viable yield potential and growth habit but is susceptible to disease and pests.  Bourbon quality is generally accepted to be standard to good. The tree can grow tall and has a medium yield potential of very good quality cherries. It is susceptible to the major diseases of coffee."],"thumb":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/96/Caf%C3%A9-Bourbon.JPG","photos":[{"file":"Café-Bourbon.JPG","src":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/96/Caf%C3%A9-Bourbon.JPG","w":800,"h":600,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Caf%C3%A9-Bourbon.JPG","author":"http://sciencesecole.ac-reunion.fr","license":"Copyrighted free use","licenseUrl":"","caption":"Café Bourbon à la Réunion"}],"coords":null,"flag":"","prod":null,"gbif":{"species":"Coffea arabica","total":20013,"countries":[["CO",4184],["BR",2802],["MX",1201],["KE",1142],["IN",1088],["ET",892],["CR",701],["US",650],["EC",518],["AF",460],["ID",376],["AU",353]]},"wd":null,"recipe":null,"inat":{"species":"Coffea arabica","taxon":64342,"url":"https://www.inaturalist.org/taxa/64342","observations":14005,"photos":[{"src":"https://inaturalist-open-data.s3.amazonaws.com/photos/463614054/medium.jpg","page":"https://www.inaturalist.org/photos/463614054","author":"Forest and Kim Starr","license":"CC BY","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","caption":"Coffea arabica","via":"iNaturalist"},{"src":"https://inaturalist-open-data.s3.amazonaws.com/photos/463614059/medium.jpg","page":"https://www.inaturalist.org/photos/463614059","author":"Forest and Kim Starr","license":"CC BY","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","caption":"Coffea arabica","via":"iNaturalist"}]},"cupping":{"n":226,"total":81.95,"aroma":7.56,"flavor":7.5,"aftertaste":7.32,"acidity":7.55,"body":7.5,"balance":7.47,"altitude":1311,"varieties":[["Bourbon",226]],"processing":[["Washed / Wet",170],["Natural / Dry",38],["Semi-washed / Semi-pulped",11]]},"wcr":"https://varieties.worldcoffeeresearch.org/varieties/bourbon"},"gesha":{"id":"gesha","type":"variety","curated":true,"name":"Geisha","title":"Geisha (coffee)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geisha_(coffee)","desc":"Coffee variety","about":["Gesha coffee, sometimes referred to as Geisha coffee, is a variety of coffee tree that originated in the Gori Gesha forest, Ethiopia, though it is now grown in several other nations in Africa, Asia, and the Americas. It is widely known for its unique flavor profile of floral and sweet notes, its high selling price, and its exclusivity as its demand has increased over the years.","While there are many varieties labeled gesha (or geisha), the Panamanian Geisha has a distinct and verifiable genetic fingerprint. Outside Panama, Geisha is also widely cultivated in Malawi.","After its discovery in Ethiopia, it was sent to the Tengeru (now Lyamungu) Coffee Research Station in Tanzania. In 1953, plants successfully cultivated at Lyamungu as VC-496 were taken to Centro Agronómico Tropical de Investigación y Enseñanza (CATIE) in Costa Rica and recorded as accession T2722. From there, CATIE distributed it throughout Central America. In 2005, The Peterson family of Boquete, Panama, entered a Geisha coffee into the Best Of Panama competition. It won the competition and sold for a then-record price of US$770/kilogram (US$350/pound). In 2025, a lot of washed Geisha from Hacienda La Esmeralda established a new Best of Panama record of US$30,204/kilogram (US$13,700.3/pound)."],"thumb":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Coffee_Farm.jpg/500px-Coffee_Farm.jpg","photos":[{"file":"Coffee Farm.jpg","src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Coffee_Farm.jpg/960px-Coffee_Farm.jpg","w":800,"h":532,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Coffee_Farm.jpg","author":"Frank_am_Main","license":"CC BY-SA 2.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.0","caption":"An overview look at a small coffee farm."}],"coords":null,"flag":"","prod":null,"gbif":{"species":"Coffea arabica","total":20013,"countries":[["CO",4184],["BR",2802],["MX",1201],["KE",1142],["IN",1088],["ET",892],["CR",701],["US",650],["EC",518],["AF",460],["ID",376],["AU",353]]},"wd":null,"recipe":null,"inat":{"species":"Coffea arabica","taxon":64342,"url":"https://www.inaturalist.org/taxa/64342","observations":14005,"photos":[{"src":"https://inaturalist-open-data.s3.amazonaws.com/photos/463614054/medium.jpg","page":"https://www.inaturalist.org/photos/463614054","author":"Forest and Kim Starr","license":"CC BY","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","caption":"Coffea arabica","via":"iNaturalist"},{"src":"https://inaturalist-open-data.s3.amazonaws.com/photos/463614059/medium.jpg","page":"https://www.inaturalist.org/photos/463614059","author":"Forest and Kim Starr","license":"CC BY","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","caption":"Coffea arabica","via":"iNaturalist"}]},"cupping":{"n":12,"total":82.58,"aroma":7.62,"flavor":7.54,"aftertaste":7.38,"acidity":7.58,"body":7.42,"balance":7.51,"altitude":1556,"varieties":[["Gesha",12]],"processing":[["Washed / Wet",10],["Natural / Dry",2]]},"wcr":"https://varieties.worldcoffeeresearch.org/varieties/geisha-panama"},"maragogipe":{"id":"maragogipe","type":"variety","curated":true,"name":"Maragogipe Coffee","title":"Maragogipe Coffee","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maragogipe_Coffee","desc":"Variety of coffee plant","about":["Scientific name: Coffea arabica L var. maragogipe A. Fern. Ex A. Frohner","Maragogipe is a variety of Arabica coffee, also known as \"elephant coffee beans\". It is believed that this coffee is a spontaneous mutation of Typica coffee that happened in Maragogipe, Bahia in Brazil. This is a very large size coffee bean in comparison to other Arabica coffee beans.","Maragogipe coffee's flavor varies depending on the soil where it grows. Poor soils produce a coffee with diminished flavors. That is why it is often referred to as a coffee with \"not much flavor\", but the flavor can be enhanced by allowing these coffee beans to dry with its natural sugars.","Maragogipe is a rarity in the coffee world and it is appreciated by coffee aficionados."],"thumb":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Maragogipe_Coffee.jpg/500px-Maragogipe_Coffee.jpg","photos":[{"file":"Maragogipe Coffee.jpg","src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Maragogipe_Coffee.jpg/960px-Maragogipe_Coffee.jpg","w":800,"h":600,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Maragogipe_Coffee.jpg","author":"Raminagrobis","license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0","caption":"Note the large beans"}],"coords":null,"flag":"","prod":null,"gbif":{"species":"Coffea arabica","total":20013,"countries":[["CO",4184],["BR",2802],["MX",1201],["KE",1142],["IN",1088],["ET",892],["CR",701],["US",650],["EC",518],["AF",460],["ID",376],["AU",353]]},"wd":null,"recipe":null,"inat":{"species":"Coffea arabica","taxon":64342,"url":"https://www.inaturalist.org/taxa/64342","observations":14005,"photos":[{"src":"https://inaturalist-open-data.s3.amazonaws.com/photos/463614054/medium.jpg","page":"https://www.inaturalist.org/photos/463614054","author":"Forest and Kim Starr","license":"CC BY","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","caption":"Coffea arabica","via":"iNaturalist"},{"src":"https://inaturalist-open-data.s3.amazonaws.com/photos/463614059/medium.jpg","page":"https://www.inaturalist.org/photos/463614059","author":"Forest and Kim Starr","license":"CC BY","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","caption":"Coffea arabica","via":"iNaturalist"}]},"cupping":null,"wcr":"https://varieties.worldcoffeeresearch.org/varieties/maragogipe"},"ethiopian-landraces":{"id":"ethiopian-landraces","type":"variety","curated":true,"name":"Coffea arabica","title":"Coffea arabica","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coffea_arabica","desc":"Species of coffee plant","about":["Coffea arabica (), also known as the Arabica coffee, is a species of flowering plant in the coffee and madder family Rubiaceae. It is believed to be the first species of coffee to have been cultivated and is the dominant cultivar, representing about 60% of global production. Coffee produced from the less acidic, more bitter, and more highly caffeinated robusta bean (C. canephora) makes up most of the remaining coffee production. The natural populations of Coffea arabica are restricted to the forests of South Ethiopia, South Sudan, and Yemen."],"thumb":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Coffee_Flowers.JPG/500px-Coffee_Flowers.JPG","photos":[{"file":"Coffee Flowers.JPG","src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Coffee_Flowers.JPG/960px-Coffee_Flowers.JPG","w":800,"h":600,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Coffee_Flowers.JPG","author":"Marcelo Corrêa","license":"CC BY-SA 3.0","licenseUrl":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/","caption":"Coffee Flowers in Plantation of Brazil"},{"file":"Coffee Plantation.jpg","src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Coffee_Plantation.jpg/960px-Coffee_Plantation.jpg","w":800,"h":305,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Coffee_Plantation.jpg","author":"Unknown","license":"CC BY-SA 3.0","licenseUrl":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/","caption":""},{"file":"Coffee arabica cherry.jpg","src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Coffee_arabica_cherry.jpg/960px-Coffee_arabica_cherry.jpg","w":800,"h":600,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Coffee_arabica_cherry.jpg","author":"Roger Burger","license":"CC0","licenseUrl":"http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/deed.en","caption":"A ripe coffee arabica cherry"},{"file":"Coffee arabica flower.jpg","src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Coffee_arabica_flower.jpg/960px-Coffee_arabica_flower.jpg","w":800,"h":1067,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Coffee_arabica_flower.jpg","author":"Roger Burger","license":"CC0","licenseUrl":"http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/deed.en","caption":"Colombian coffe arabica flower"},{"file":"Coffee germination.jpg","src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Coffee_germination.jpg/960px-Coffee_germination.jpg","w":800,"h":600,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Coffee_germination.jpg","author":"Roger Burger","license":"CC0","licenseUrl":"http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/deed.en","caption":"Coffee cherry germinating."},{"file":"Fermented coffee beans.jpg","src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Fermented_coffee_beans.jpg/960px-Fermented_coffee_beans.jpg","w":800,"h":1067,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Fermented_coffee_beans.jpg","author":"Roger Burger","license":"CC0","licenseUrl":"http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/deed.en","caption":"Fermented but unroasted coffee beans with the endocarp still on them."},{"file":"Green arabica coffee beans.jpg","src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Green_arabica_coffee_beans.jpg/960px-Green_arabica_coffee_beans.jpg","w":800,"h":1067,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Green_arabica_coffee_beans.jpg","author":"Roger Burger","license":"CC0","licenseUrl":"http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/deed.en","caption":"Fermented arabica coffee beans without the hull."},{"file":"Naturalis Biodiversity Center - L.0939590 - Bernecker, A. - Coffea arabica Linnaeus - Artwork.jpeg","src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Naturalis_Biodiversity_Center_-_L.0939590_-_Bernecker%2C_A._-_Coffea_arabica_Linnaeus_-_Artwork.jpeg/960px-Naturalis_Biodiversity_Center_-_L.0939590_-_Bernecker%2C_A._-_Coffea_arabica_Linnaeus_-_Artwork.jpeg","w":800,"h":545,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Naturalis_Biodiversity_Center_-_L.0939590_-_Bernecker,_A._-_Coffea_arabica_Linnaeus_-_Artwork.jpeg","author":"Linnaeus","license":"CC0","licenseUrl":"http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/deed.en","caption":"Coffea arabica Linnaeus"}],"coords":null,"flag":"","prod":null,"gbif":{"species":"Coffea arabica","total":20013,"countries":[["CO",4184],["BR",2802],["MX",1201],["KE",1142],["IN",1088],["ET",892],["CR",701],["US",650],["EC",518],["AF",460],["ID",376],["AU",353]]},"wd":{"qid":"Q47685","iucn":"endangered"},"recipe":null,"inat":{"species":"Coffea arabica","taxon":64342,"url":"https://www.inaturalist.org/taxa/64342","observations":14005,"photos":[{"src":"https://inaturalist-open-data.s3.amazonaws.com/photos/463614054/medium.jpg","page":"https://www.inaturalist.org/photos/463614054","author":"Forest and Kim Starr","license":"CC BY","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","caption":"Coffea arabica","via":"iNaturalist"},{"src":"https://inaturalist-open-data.s3.amazonaws.com/photos/463614059/medium.jpg","page":"https://www.inaturalist.org/photos/463614059","author":"Forest and Kim Starr","license":"CC BY","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","caption":"Coffea arabica","via":"iNaturalist"}]},"cupping":null,"wcr":null},"robusta":{"id":"robusta","type":"variety","curated":true,"name":"Coffea canephora","title":"Coffea canephora","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coffea_canephora","desc":"Species of coffee plant","about":["Coffea canephora (especially C. canephora subvar. robusta, syn. Coffea robusta, or commonly robusta coffee) is a species of coffee plant that has its origins in central and western sub-Saharan Africa. It is a species of flowering plant in the family Rubiaceae. Though widely known as Coffea robusta, the plant is scientifically identified as Coffea canephora, which has two main varieties, robusta and nganda (nom. illeg.).","Coffea canephora represents around 45% of global coffee production, with Coffea arabica constituting most of the remainder. There are several differences between the composition of coffee beans from C. arabica and C. canephora. Beans from C. canephora tend to have lower acidity, more bitterness, and a more woody and less fruity flavor compared to C. arabica beans. Most of it is used for instant coffee."],"thumb":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Canephora.jpg/500px-Canephora.jpg","photos":[{"file":"Canephora.jpg","src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Canephora.jpg/960px-Canephora.jpg","w":800,"h":580,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Canephora.jpg","author":"Unknown","license":"CC BY-SA 3.0","licenseUrl":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/","caption":""},{"file":"Clusters Flowers Coffee Suntikoppa Apr24 A7C 10765.jpg","src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Clusters_Flowers_Coffee_Suntikoppa_Apr24_A7C_10765.jpg/960px-Clusters_Flowers_Coffee_Suntikoppa_Apr24_A7C_10765.jpg","w":800,"h":533,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Clusters_Flowers_Coffee_Suntikoppa_Apr24_A7C_10765.jpg","author":"Timothy A. Gonsalves","license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0","caption":"Clusters of fresh blossoms on Robusta coffee (coffea canephora), Suntikoppa Coorg, Karnataka, India"},{"file":"Coffee Singnally Coorg Jun24 A7CR 01495.jpg","src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Coffee_Singnally_Coorg_Jun24_A7CR_01495.jpg/960px-Coffee_Singnally_Coorg_Jun24_A7CR_01495.jpg","w":800,"h":533,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Coffee_Singnally_Coorg_Jun24_A7CR_01495.jpg","author":"This Photo was taken by Timothy A. Gonsalves. Feel free to use my photos, but pl","license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0","caption":"Lush green coffee bushes after onset of SW monsoon, Singnally, Somwarpet, Coorg, Karnataka, India"},{"file":"Coffee drying traditional Indonesia.jpg","src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Coffee_drying_traditional_Indonesia.jpg/960px-Coffee_drying_traditional_Indonesia.jpg","w":800,"h":1422,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Coffee_drying_traditional_Indonesia.jpg","author":"Okkisafire","license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0","caption":"Traditional coffee beans drying in Kalibaru, Indonesia"},{"file":"Flowers Closeup Coffee Robusta Suntikoppa Apr24 A7C 10826.jpg","src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flowers_Closeup_Coffee_Robusta_Suntikoppa_Apr24_A7C_10826.jpg/960px-Flowers_Closeup_Coffee_Robusta_Suntikoppa_Apr24_A7C_10826.jpg","w":800,"h":600,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Flowers_Closeup_Coffee_Robusta_Suntikoppa_Apr24_A7C_10826.jpg","author":"This Photo was taken by Timothy A. Gonsalves. Feel free to use my photos, but pl","license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0","caption":"Blossoms on Coffea canephora (Robusta coffee), Suntikoppa, Coorg, Karnataka, India"},{"file":"Ripe Seeds Coffee Robusta Coorg Karnataka India Feb24 D72 25688.jpg","src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Ripe_Seeds_Coffee_Robusta_Coorg_Karnataka_India_Feb24_D72_25688.jpg/960px-Ripe_Seeds_Coffee_Robusta_Coorg_Karnataka_India_Feb24_D72_25688.jpg","w":800,"h":800,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Ripe_Seeds_Coffee_Robusta_Coorg_Karnataka_India_Feb24_D72_25688.jpg","author":"This Photo was taken by Timothy A. Gonsalves. Feel free to use my photos, but pl","license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0","caption":"Ripening coffee seeds on Robusta bush (Coffea canephora), Rock Hills, Coorg, Karnataka, India"}],"coords":null,"flag":"","prod":null,"gbif":{"species":"Coffea canephora","total":5674,"countries":[["IN",3042],["GN",329],["CD",267],["AO",222],["GA",169],["CI",79],["BR",70],["CM",69],["UG",67],["ID",54],["TZ",53],["CG",51]]},"wd":{"qid":"Q47532","parts":["Coffea canephora (fruit)","Coffea canephora (flowers)"],"iucn":"least concern"},"recipe":null,"inat":{"species":"Coffea canephora","taxon":64345,"url":"https://www.inaturalist.org/taxa/64345","observations":340,"photos":[{"src":"https://inaturalist-open-data.s3.amazonaws.com/photos/410573893/medium.jpeg","page":"https://www.inaturalist.org/photos/410573893","author":"Lisa Hester","license":"CC BY","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","caption":"Coffea canephora","via":"iNaturalist"}]},"cupping":{"n":28,"total":80.87,"aroma":0,"flavor":7.63,"aftertaste":7.56,"acidity":0,"body":0,"balance":7.54,"altitude":1200,"varieties":[["Other",2],["Arusha",1]],"processing":[["Natural / Dry",7],["Washed / Wet",3]]},"wcr":"https://varieties.worldcoffeeresearch.org/robusta/varieties"},"liberica":{"id":"liberica","type":"variety","curated":true,"name":"Coffea liberica","title":"Coffea liberica","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coffea_liberica","desc":"Species of coffee plant","about":["Coffea liberica, commonly known as Liberian coffee, is a species of flowering plant in the family Rubiaceae from which coffee is produced. It is native to western and central Africa (from Liberia to Uganda and Angola), and has become naturalised in areas including Colombia, Venezuela, the Philippines, Sumatra, Borneo and Java."],"thumb":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Coffee_tree_chary.jpg/500px-Coffee_tree_chary.jpg","photos":[{"file":"Coffee tree chary.jpg","src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Coffee_tree_chary.jpg/960px-Coffee_tree_chary.jpg","w":800,"h":1090,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Coffee_tree_chary.jpg","author":"DXLINH","license":"CC BY-SA 3.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0","caption":"Tree of Coffea liberica in Lam Dong, Vietnam"},{"file":"Liberica coffee beans, roasted.jpg","src":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/ac/Liberica_coffee_beans%2C_roasted.jpg","w":800,"h":764,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Liberica_coffee_beans,_roasted.jpg","author":"HaztechGuy","license":"CC BY 3.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0","caption":"This picture shows distinctive shape variations of Liberica coffee beans. These are coffee beans from Mindora, an island in the Phillipines near Luzon. Liberica"}],"coords":null,"flag":"","prod":null,"gbif":{"species":"Coffea liberica","total":1659,"countries":[["BR",124],["CM",124],["GN",109],["CD",99],["GA",61],["ZZ",58],["ID",56],["PH",56],["CI",37],["AO",32],["AU",31],["PR",30]]},"wd":{"qid":"Q47718","iucn":"least concern"},"recipe":null,"inat":{"species":"Coffea liberica","taxon":278523,"url":"https://www.inaturalist.org/taxa/278523","observations":137,"photos":[{"src":"https://inaturalist-open-data.s3.amazonaws.com/photos/5408831/medium.jpeg","page":"https://www.inaturalist.org/photos/5408831","author":"no rights reserved, uploaded by Romer N. Rabarijaona","license":"CC0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/","caption":"Coffea liberica","via":"iNaturalist"},{"src":"https://inaturalist-open-data.s3.amazonaws.com/photos/5408829/medium.jpeg","page":"https://www.inaturalist.org/photos/5408829","author":"no rights reserved, uploaded by Romer N. Rabarijaona","license":"CC0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/","caption":"Coffea liberica","via":"iNaturalist"}]},"cupping":null,"wcr":null},"ethiopia":{"id":"ethiopia","type":"origin","curated":true,"name":"Ethiopia","title":"Coffee production in Ethiopia","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coffee_production_in_Ethiopia","desc":"Aspect of agriculture","about":["Coffee production in Ethiopia  has a long history and remains an important part of the country’s agricultural and economic landscape. Ethiopia is within the native range of Coffea arabica, which occurs naturally in the highlands of southern Ethiopia, South Sudan and northern Kenya. Coffee is now cultivated in many parts of the world, but Ethiopia remains a major producer and exporter of Arabica coffee. Recent estimates indicate that Ethiopia is expected to produce approximately 12.1 million 60-kilogram bags of coffee in the 2026/27 marketing year, following an estimated production of 11.6 million bags in 2025/26. Coffee is also one of Ethiopia’s most important agricultural export commodities and important to the economy of Ethiopia. In the 2024/25 marketing year, the country exported approximately 7.43 million bags of coffee, generating around US$2.89 billion in export revenue. The sector supports millions of livelihoods across the country, with approximately 5.9 million farmers engaged directly in coffee production."],"thumb":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Coffee_berry_sorting_process%2C_near_Hawassa.jpg/500px-Coffee_berry_sorting_process%2C_near_Hawassa.jpg","photos":[{"file":"Coffee berry sorting process, near Hawassa.jpg","src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Coffee_berry_sorting_process%2C_near_Hawassa.jpg/960px-Coffee_berry_sorting_process%2C_near_Hawassa.jpg","w":800,"h":630,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Coffee_berry_sorting_process,_near_Hawassa.jpg","author":"Niels Van Iperen","license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0","caption":"This is an image of \"African people at work\" from"},{"file":"Ethiopia Sidamo.jpg","src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Ethiopia_Sidamo.jpg/960px-Ethiopia_Sidamo.jpg","w":800,"h":600,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Ethiopia_Sidamo.jpg","author":"Michael Allen Smith from Seattle, USA","license":"CC BY-SA 2.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.0","caption":"From Monday Coffee Cupping at Seattle Coffee Works by CoffeeHero"},{"file":"Ethiopia coffee tasters (5762556065).jpg","src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Ethiopia_coffee_tasters_%285762556065%29.jpg/960px-Ethiopia_coffee_tasters_%285762556065%29.jpg","w":800,"h":600,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Ethiopia_coffee_tasters_(5762556065).jpg","author":"USAID Africa Bureau","license":"Public domain","licenseUrl":"","caption":"Ethiopian coffee tasters hone their skills during a Coffee Corps Advanced Cuppers Training Seminar. Photo Credit: G. LaRue/USAID."},{"file":"PC090346 coffee Bahar Dahr Ethiopia.jpg","src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/PC090346_coffee_Bahar_Dahr_Ethiopia.jpg/960px-PC090346_coffee_Bahar_Dahr_Ethiopia.jpg","w":800,"h":551,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:PC090346_coffee_Bahar_Dahr_Ethiopia.jpg","author":"Zheim","license":"CC BY-SA 3.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0","caption":"Natural coffee tree on shore of Lac Tana, Bahr Dahr, Ethiopia"}],"coords":{"lat":9,"lon":39},"flag":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg/160px-Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg.png?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","prod":{"name":"Ethiopia","rank":5,"tonnes":575696,"year":2024,"share":5.1},"gbif":null,"wd":null,"recipe":null,"inat":null,"cupping":{"n":44,"total":85.48,"aroma":7.9,"flavor":8.01,"aftertaste":7.89,"acidity":8.04,"body":7.92,"balance":7.97,"altitude":1800,"varieties":[["Other",8],["Ethiopian Yirgacheffe",2],["Gesha",2]],"processing":[["Natural / Dry",17],["Washed / Wet",8]]},"wcr":null},"kenya":{"id":"kenya","type":"origin","curated":true,"name":"Kenya","title":"Coffee production in Kenya","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coffee_production_in_Kenya","desc":"","about":["Coffee production is a significant contributor to the economy of Kenya. The industry is noted for its cooperative system of production, processing, milling, marketing, and auction system. About 70% of Kenyan coffee is produced in small farms that control about 75% of the land under production. It was estimated in 2012 that there were about 150,000 coffee farmers in Kenya. Other sources suggest that 6 million Kenyans are employed directly or indirectly in the coffee industry.","The acidic soil in the highlands of central Kenya together with just the right amount of sunlight and rainfall provide excellent conditions for growing coffee plants. However, due to a property boom in areas that grow coffee and price instability, production in this African Great Lakes country fell from about 130,000 tonnes in 1987/8 to 40,000 tonnes in 2011/12.","Kenya primarily produces Arabica coffee. Kenyan coffee is classified as a “Colombia Mild” type and is characterized by its intense flavor, full body, and aroma, which may include notes of cocoa. High-grade Kenyan coffee is traded in international markets and is sought after by coffee buyers."],"thumb":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Coffee_Plantation%2C_Kenya_from_Matson_Collection%2C_1936_%28LOC%29.jpg/500px-Coffee_Plantation%2C_Kenya_from_Matson_Collection%2C_1936_%28LOC%29.jpg","photos":[{"file":"Coffee Plantation, Kenya from Matson Collection, 1936 (LOC).jpg","src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Coffee_Plantation%2C_Kenya_from_Matson_Collection%2C_1936_%28LOC%29.jpg/960px-Coffee_Plantation%2C_Kenya_from_Matson_Collection%2C_1936_%28LOC%29.jpg","w":800,"h":561,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Coffee_Plantation,_Kenya_from_Matson_Collection,_1936_(LOC).jpg","author":"Matson Photo Service, photographer.","license":"Public domain","licenseUrl":"","caption":"Coffee plantation in Kenya."},{"file":"Photo A coffee planter is shown how to prune by an Agricultural Department Instructor 1955 - Touring Club Italiano 1.2757.jpg","src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Photo_A_coffee_planter_is_shown_how_to_prune_by_an_Agricultural_Department_Instructor_1955_-_Touring_Club_Italiano_1.2757.jpg/960px-Photo_A_coffee_planter_is_shown_how_to_prune_by_an_Agricultural_Department_Instructor_1955_-_Touring_Club_Italiano_1.2757.jpg","w":800,"h":596,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Photo_A_coffee_planter_is_shown_how_to_prune_by_an_Agricultural_Department_Instructor_1955_-_Touring_Club_Italiano_1.2757.jpg","author":"Unknown authorUnknown author","license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0","caption":"A coffee planter is shown how to prune by an Agricoltural Department Instructor"}],"coords":{"lat":1,"lon":38},"flag":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Kenya.svg/160px-Flag_of_Kenya.svg.png?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","prod":{"name":"Kenya","rank":24,"tonnes":49500,"year":2024,"share":0.44},"gbif":null,"wd":null,"recipe":null,"inat":null,"cupping":{"n":25,"total":84.31,"aroma":7.79,"flavor":7.78,"aftertaste":7.71,"acidity":7.87,"body":7.73,"balance":7.8,"altitude":1754,"varieties":[["SL28",14],["SL34",8],["Peaberry",1]],"processing":[["Washed / Wet",22],["Natural / Dry",2]]},"wcr":null},"rwanda":{"id":"rwanda","type":"origin","curated":true,"name":"Rwanda","title":"Coffee production in Rwanda","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coffee_production_in_Rwanda","desc":"","about":["Coffee production in Rwanda plays a significant role in the country's economy and agricultural sector. Known for its Arabica coffee, Rwanda has emerged as a notable player in the global coffee industry."],"thumb":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Rwandan_Coffee.jpg/500px-Rwandan_Coffee.jpg","photos":[{"file":"Rwandan Coffee.jpg","src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Rwandan_Coffee.jpg/960px-Rwandan_Coffee.jpg","w":800,"h":1422,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Rwandan_Coffee.jpg","author":"Chaste Fabrice","license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0","caption":""}],"coords":{"lat":-2,"lon":30},"flag":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Flag_of_Rwanda.svg/160px-Flag_of_Rwanda.svg.png?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","prod":{"name":"Rwanda","rank":31,"tonnes":17840,"year":2024,"share":0.16},"gbif":null,"wd":null,"recipe":null,"inat":null,"cupping":null,"wcr":null},"colombia":{"id":"colombia","type":"origin","curated":true,"name":"Colombia","title":"Coffee production in Colombia","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coffee_production_in_Colombia","desc":"UNESCO World Heritage Site in Colombia","about":["Coffee production in Colombia has a reputation for producing mild, well-balanced coffee beans. Colombia's average annual coffee production of 11.5 million bags is the third total highest in the world, after Brazil and Vietnam, though highest in terms of the arabica bean. The beans are exported to United States, Germany, France, Japan, and Italy. Most coffee is grown in the Colombian coffee growing axis region, while other regions focus on quality instead of volumes, such as Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta. In 2007, the European Union granted Colombian coffee a protected designation of origin status. In 2011, UNESCO declared the \"Coffee Cultural Landscape\" of Colombia a World Heritage Site.","The coffee plant had spread to Colombia by 1790. The oldest written testimony of the presence of coffee in Colombia is attributed to a Jesuit priest, José Gumilla. In his book The Orinoco Illustrated (1730), he registered the presence of coffee in the mission of Saint Teresa of Tabajé, near where the Meta river empties into the Orinoco. Further testimony comes from the archbishop-viceroy Caballero y Gongora (1787) who registered the presence of the crop in the north east of the country near Giron (Santander) and Muzo (Boyaca) in a report that he provided to the Spanish authorities."],"thumb":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Bogota%27s_best_coffee._IMG_5865._png.jpg/500px-Bogota%27s_best_coffee._IMG_5865._png.jpg","photos":[{"file":"Bogota's best coffee. IMG 5865. png.jpg","src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Bogota%27s_best_coffee._IMG_5865._png.jpg/960px-Bogota%27s_best_coffee._IMG_5865._png.jpg","w":800,"h":1067,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Bogota%27s_best_coffee._IMG_5865._png.jpg","author":"SABA90S","license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0","caption":"One of the best coffees you can try in Bogota, Colombia."},{"file":"Cafe Quimbaya 2005-08-27.jpg","src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Cafe_Quimbaya_2005-08-27.jpg/960px-Cafe_Quimbaya_2005-08-27.jpg","w":800,"h":533,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Cafe_Quimbaya_2005-08-27.jpg","author":"Unknown","license":"CC BY 2.5","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.5","caption":""},{"file":"Museo del Café.jpg","src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Museo_del_Caf%C3%A9.jpg/960px-Museo_del_Caf%C3%A9.jpg","w":800,"h":600,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Museo_del_Caf%C3%A9.jpg","author":"jopar1980","license":"CC BY-SA 2.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.0","caption":"Parque Nacional del Café"},{"file":"NP coffee cooperative (5867722870).jpg","src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/NP_coffee_cooperative_%285867722870%29.jpg/960px-NP_coffee_cooperative_%285867722870%29.jpg","w":800,"h":532,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:NP_coffee_cooperative_(5867722870).jpg","author":"CIAT","license":"CC BY-SA 2.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.0","caption":"Pic by Neil Palmer (CIAT). A smallholder coffee farmer in Colombia's southwestern Cauca department."},{"file":"Paisaje-Cafetero-Colombiano.png","src":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a2/Paisaje-Cafetero-Colombiano.png","w":800,"h":600,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Paisaje-Cafetero-Colombiano.png","author":"Jyon","license":"CC BY-SA 3.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0","caption":"Infographics about the colombian municipalties declared World Heritage Centre, labeled as 'Coffee Cultural Landscape of Colombia'"}],"coords":{"lat":4,"lon":-72},"flag":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Colombia.svg/160px-Flag_of_Colombia.svg.png?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","prod":{"name":"Colombia","rank":3,"tonnes":839847,"year":2024,"share":7.44},"gbif":null,"wd":null,"recipe":null,"inat":null,"cupping":{"n":183,"total":83.11,"aroma":7.65,"flavor":7.6,"aftertaste":7.52,"acidity":7.56,"body":7.61,"balance":7.71,"altitude":1750,"varieties":[["Caturra",129],["Other",8],["Typica",3]],"processing":[["Washed / Wet",121],["Natural / Dry",27]]},"wcr":null},"brazil":{"id":"brazil","type":"origin","curated":true,"name":"Brazil","title":"Coffee production in Brazil","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coffee_production_in_Brazil","desc":"Largest national coffee production in the world","about":["Brazil produces about a third of the world's coffee, making the country by far the world's largest producer. Coffee plantations, covering some 27,000 km2 (10,000 sq mi), are mainly located in the southeastern states of Minas Gerais, São Paulo and Espírito Santo where the environment and climate provide ideal growing conditions.","Brazilian coffee prospered since the early 19th century, when immigrants came to work in the coffee plantations."],"thumb":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Cafe_porto_Santos_1880.jpg/500px-Cafe_porto_Santos_1880.jpg","photos":[{"file":"Cafe porto Santos 1880.jpg","src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Cafe_porto_Santos_1880.jpg/960px-Cafe_porto_Santos_1880.jpg","w":800,"h":705,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Cafe_porto_Santos_1880.jpg","author":"Marc Ferrez","license":"Public domain","licenseUrl":"","caption":"Coffee being embarked in the port of Santos, 1880."},{"file":"Fazenda Da Lagoa.jpg","src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Fazenda_Da_Lagoa.jpg/960px-Fazenda_Da_Lagoa.jpg","w":800,"h":532,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Fazenda_Da_Lagoa.jpg","author":"Knase","license":"CC BY 3.0 de","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/de/deed.en","caption":"Coffee plantation Da Lagoa close to Santo Antônio do Amparo, Minas Gerais, Brazil."},{"file":"Japanese Workers in Coffee Gathering.jpg","src":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1f/Japanese_Workers_in_Coffee_Gathering.jpg","w":800,"h":529,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Japanese_Workers_in_Coffee_Gathering.jpg","author":"Unknown authorUnknown author","license":"Public domain","licenseUrl":"","caption":"Japanese Workers in Coffee Gathering.jpg"},{"file":"Photo A young Brazilian farmer selecting the ripest coffee beans 1961 - Touring Club Italiano 1.2753.jpg","src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Photo_A_young_Brazilian_farmer_selecting_the_ripest_coffee_beans_1961_-_Touring_Club_Italiano_1.2753.jpg/960px-Photo_A_young_Brazilian_farmer_selecting_the_ripest_coffee_beans_1961_-_Touring_Club_Italiano_1.2753.jpg","w":800,"h":607,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Photo_A_young_Brazilian_farmer_selecting_the_ripest_coffee_beans_1961_-_Touring_Club_Italiano_1.2753.jpg","author":"Unknown authorUnknown author","license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0","caption":"A young Brazilian farmer selecting the ripest coffee beans"},{"file":"Sacos de café, Casa do Bandeirante 2.JPG","src":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/bb/Sacos_de_caf%C3%A9%2C_Casa_do_Bandeirante_2.JPG","w":800,"h":564,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Sacos_de_caf%C3%A9,_Casa_do_Bandeirante_2.JPG","author":"Dornicke","license":"Public domain","licenseUrl":"","caption":"Sacos de café, Casa do Bandeirante, São Paulo, Brasil."},{"file":"Slaves working on a coffee plantation 02.jpg","src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Slaves_working_on_a_coffee_plantation_02.jpg/960px-Slaves_working_on_a_coffee_plantation_02.jpg","w":800,"h":640,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Slaves_working_on_a_coffee_plantation_02.jpg","author":"Marc Ferrez","license":"Public domain","licenseUrl":"","caption":"Slaves on a coffee plantation circa 1885"},{"file":"Brazilian coffee growing regions (arabica and robusta).png","src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Brazilian_coffee_growing_regions_%28arabica_and_robusta%29.png/960px-Brazilian_coffee_growing_regions_%28arabica_and_robusta%29.png","w":800,"h":790,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Brazilian_coffee_growing_regions_(arabica_and_robusta).png","author":"jonkerz ♠talk 10:39, 28 April 2013 (UTC)","license":"Public domain","licenseUrl":"","caption":"Brazilian coffee growing regions (arabica and robusta) Arabica Robusta Arabica (in yellow): Bahia, Minas Gerais, São Paulo, Paraná, Santa Catarina Robusta (in o"}],"coords":{"lat":-10,"lon":-52},"flag":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/160px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","prod":{"name":"Brazil","rank":1,"tonnes":3387724,"year":2024,"share":30.02},"gbif":null,"wd":null,"recipe":null,"inat":null,"cupping":{"n":132,"total":82.41,"aroma":7.55,"flavor":7.57,"aftertaste":7.44,"acidity":7.51,"body":7.54,"balance":7.53,"altitude":1050,"varieties":[["Bourbon",41],["Yellow Bourbon",32],["Mundo Novo",20]],"processing":[["Natural / Dry",80],["Semi-washed / Semi-pulped",24],["Pulped natural / honey",7]]},"wcr":null},"guatemala":{"id":"guatemala","type":"origin","curated":true,"name":"Guatemala","title":"Coffee production in Guatemala","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coffee_production_in_Guatemala","desc":"","about":["Coffee production began to develop in Guatemala in the 1850s. Coffee is an important element of Guatemala's economy.","Guatemala was Central America's top producer of coffee for most of the 20th and the beginning of the 21st century, until being overtaken by Honduras in 2011. Illegal exports to Honduras and Mexico are not reflected in official statistics."],"thumb":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Coffee_beans_being_sorted_and_pulped.jpg/500px-Coffee_beans_being_sorted_and_pulped.jpg","photos":[{"file":"Coffee beans being sorted and pulped.jpg","src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Coffee_beans_being_sorted_and_pulped.jpg/960px-Coffee_beans_being_sorted_and_pulped.jpg","w":800,"h":600,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Coffee_beans_being_sorted_and_pulped.jpg","author":"Unknown","license":"CC BY-SA 2.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.0","caption":""},{"file":"Temporerascafe1875.jpg","src":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/24/Temporerascafe1875.jpg","w":800,"h":450,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Temporerascafe1875.jpg","author":"Eadweard Muybridge","license":"Public domain","licenseUrl":"","caption":"Temporeras indígenas en las plantaciones de café en 1875."}],"coords":{"lat":15.5,"lon":-90.25},"flag":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Flag_of_Guatemala.svg/160px-Flag_of_Guatemala.svg.png?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","prod":{"name":"Guatemala","rank":11,"tonnes":224860,"year":2024,"share":1.99},"gbif":null,"wd":null,"recipe":null,"inat":null,"cupping":{"n":181,"total":81.85,"aroma":7.54,"flavor":7.49,"aftertaste":7.27,"acidity":7.6,"body":7.48,"balance":7.47,"altitude":1391,"varieties":[["Bourbon",119],["Caturra",29],["Catuai",9]],"processing":[["Washed / Wet",161],["Natural / Dry",10],["Other",2]]},"wcr":null},"costa-rica":{"id":"costa-rica","type":"origin","curated":true,"name":"Costa Rica","title":"Coffee production in Costa Rica","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coffee_production_in_Costa_Rica","desc":"","about":["Coffee production has played a key role in Costa Rica's history and continues to be important to the country's economy. In 2006, coffee was Costa Rica's number three export, after being the number one cash crop export for several decades. The largest growing areas are in the provinces of  San José, Alajuela, Heredia, Puntarenas, and Cartago. The coffee is exported to other countries in the world and is also exported to cities in Costa Rica.","As a small country, Costa Rica now provides under 1% of the world's coffee production. In 2015, the value of its coffee exports was US$305.9 million, a small part of the total agricultural exports of US$2.7 billion or of the total of all exports which was US$12.6 billion. In 1997, the agriculture sector employed 28 percent of the labor force and comprised 20 percent of Costa Rica's total GNP. Production increased from 158,000 tons in 1988 to 168,000 tons in 1992. Coffee production increased by 13.7% percent in 2015–2016, declined by 17.5% in 2016–2017 but was expected to increase by about 15% in the subsequent year."],"thumb":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Cafezal_Faz_Letreiro.jpg/500px-Cafezal_Faz_Letreiro.jpg","photos":[{"file":"Cafezal Faz Letreiro.jpg","src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Cafezal_Faz_Letreiro.jpg/960px-Cafezal_Faz_Letreiro.jpg","w":800,"h":494,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Cafezal_Faz_Letreiro.jpg","author":"José Reynaldo da Fonseca","license":"CC BY 2.5","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.5","caption":"Parte da Fazenda Letreiro (Arandu) - Cafezal - ao fundo Represa de Jurumirim"},{"file":"Coffee plantation in Costa Rica.jpg","src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Coffee_plantation_in_Costa_Rica.jpg/960px-Coffee_plantation_in_Costa_Rica.jpg","w":800,"h":481,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Coffee_plantation_in_Costa_Rica.jpg","author":"Unknown","license":"Public domain","licenseUrl":"","caption":""},{"file":"DirkvdM orosi valley bird.jpg","src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/DirkvdM_orosi_valley_bird.jpg/960px-DirkvdM_orosi_valley_bird.jpg","w":800,"h":600,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:DirkvdM_orosi_valley_bird.jpg","author":"Dirk van der Made","license":"CC BY-SA 3.0","licenseUrl":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/","caption":"Valley with a coffee planatation just south of Orosí, Costa Rica"}],"coords":{"lat":10,"lon":-84},"flag":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Flag_of_Costa_Rica.svg/160px-Flag_of_Costa_Rica.svg.png?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","prod":{"name":"Costa Rica","rank":20,"tonnes":62154,"year":2024,"share":0.55},"gbif":null,"wd":null,"recipe":null,"inat":null,"cupping":{"n":51,"total":82.79,"aroma":7.67,"flavor":7.54,"aftertaste":7.53,"acidity":7.57,"body":7.54,"balance":7.64,"altitude":1300,"varieties":[["Caturra",28],["Catuai",15],["Other",1]],"processing":[["Washed / Wet",45],["Pulped natural / honey",2],["Other",1]]},"wcr":null},"panama":{"id":"panama","type":"origin","curated":true,"name":"Panama","title":"Coffee production in Panama","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coffee_production_in_Panama","desc":"","about":["Coffee production in Panama was occurring in the Boquete Valley by the early 20th century, although coffee was growing wild all over the Pacific coast region of Panama by this time, when production did not match domestic consumption. The International Coffee Organization (ICO) has grouped mild arabica as the variety of coffee that is grown in Panama. The best quality of coffee in Panama is grown in Boquete. In the Coffee Review of 2008, two Panamanian coffees have received higher rating and fetched record prices than the coffee from Costa Rica. This is mainly due to the unprecedented success of the Geisha varietal. This varietal originated from  and arrived via Tanzania and Costa Rica in the 1960s in Panama. But only in 2004, its outstanding taste profile was recognized. In 2019 one pound of Panama Geisha beans fetched $1,029 in an auction."],"thumb":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Coffee_Plants_%28Boquete%29.jpg/500px-Coffee_Plants_%28Boquete%29.jpg","photos":[{"file":"Coffee Plants (Boquete).jpg","src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Coffee_Plants_%28Boquete%29.jpg/960px-Coffee_Plants_%28Boquete%29.jpg","w":800,"h":533,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Coffee_Plants_(Boquete).jpg","author":"Aqutiv","license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0","caption":"An image of coffee plants"},{"file":"DirkvdM coffee-drying.jpg","src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/DirkvdM_coffee-drying.jpg/960px-DirkvdM_coffee-drying.jpg","w":800,"h":622,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:DirkvdM_coffee-drying.jpg","author":"Unknown","license":"CC BY-SA 3.0","licenseUrl":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/","caption":""}],"coords":{"lat":9,"lon":-80},"flag":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Flag_of_Panama.svg/160px-Flag_of_Panama.svg.png?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","prod":{"name":"Panama","rank":40,"tonnes":6318,"year":2024,"share":0.06},"gbif":null,"wd":null,"recipe":null,"inat":null,"cupping":{"n":4,"total":83.71,"aroma":7.67,"flavor":7.63,"aftertaste":7.61,"acidity":7.71,"body":7.58,"balance":7.88,"altitude":1680,"varieties":[["Caturra",2],["Gesha",1],["Catuai",1]],"processing":[["Washed / Wet",2],["Natural / Dry",1],["Other",1]]},"wcr":null},"honduras":{"id":"honduras","type":"origin","curated":true,"name":"Honduras","title":"Coffee production in Honduras","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coffee_production_in_Honduras","desc":"","about":["Coffee production in Honduras played a significant role in the country's history and is important to the Honduran economy. In 2011, the country became Central America's top producer of coffee."],"thumb":"","photos":[],"coords":{"lat":15,"lon":-86.5},"flag":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_Honduras_%281949%E2%80%932022%2C_2026%E2%80%93present%29.svg/160px-Flag_of_Honduras_%281949%E2%80%932022%2C_2026%E2%80%93present%29.svg.png?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","prod":{"name":"Honduras","rank":10,"tonnes":324015,"year":2024,"share":2.87},"gbif":null,"wd":null,"recipe":null,"inat":null,"cupping":{"n":52,"total":80.88,"aroma":7.43,"flavor":7.37,"aftertaste":7.2,"acidity":7.37,"body":7.38,"balance":7.3,"altitude":1400,"varieties":[["Caturra",22],["Catuai",21],["Pacas",4]],"processing":[["Washed / Wet",35],["Natural / Dry",14]]},"wcr":null},"jamaica":{"id":"jamaica","type":"origin","curated":true,"name":"Jamaica","title":"Coffee production in Jamaica","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coffee_production_in_Jamaica","desc":"","about":["Coffee production in Jamaica began after 1728, when governor Sir Nicholas Lawes introduced the crop near Castleton, north of Kingston. Jamaican Blue Mountain Coffee is the special variety of coffee that is grown in the Blue Mountains region, which has the most conducive climate and topographical features; this variety is known for its scent and sweet taste. Most of Jamaica's coffee production is grown for export."],"thumb":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Barrels_of_Jamaica_Blue_Mountain_coffee_beans.jpg/500px-Barrels_of_Jamaica_Blue_Mountain_coffee_beans.jpg","photos":[{"file":"Barrels of Jamaica Blue Mountain coffee beans.jpg","src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Barrels_of_Jamaica_Blue_Mountain_coffee_beans.jpg/960px-Barrels_of_Jamaica_Blue_Mountain_coffee_beans.jpg","w":800,"h":600,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Barrels_of_Jamaica_Blue_Mountain_coffee_beans.jpg","author":"Wade van laius","license":"CC0","licenseUrl":"http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/deed.en","caption":"Holzfässer des Jamaica Blue Mountain Kaffees"},{"file":"Jamaica Blue Mountain Coffee in a packet.jpg","src":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/ba/Jamaica_Blue_Mountain_Coffee_in_a_packet.jpg","w":800,"h":1067,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Jamaica_Blue_Mountain_Coffee_in_a_packet.jpg","author":"Jamaica Coffee","license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0","caption":"I took this picture on my camera of coffee I bought which was genuine Jamaica Blue Mountain Coffee"}],"coords":{"lat":18.18,"lon":-77.4},"flag":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Flag_of_Jamaica.svg/160px-Flag_of_Jamaica.svg.png?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","prod":{"name":"Jamaica","rank":39,"tonnes":6521,"year":2024,"share":0.06},"gbif":null,"wd":null,"recipe":null,"inat":null,"cupping":null,"wcr":null},"hawaii":{"id":"hawaii","type":"origin","curated":true,"name":"Hawaii","title":"Coffee production in Hawaii","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coffee_production_in_Hawaii","desc":"","about":["Hawaii is one of the few U.S. states where coffee production is a significant economic industry – coffee is the second largest crop produced there. The 2019–2020 coffee harvest in Hawaii was valued at $102.9 million. As of the 2019–2020 harvest, coffee production accounted for 6,900 acres of land in Hawaii.","The coffee industry in Hawaii is well supported by organizations such as the Hawaii Coffee Association, the Hawaii Agriculture Resource Center and the College of Tropical Agriculture and Human Resources, University of Hawaii at Manoa and the state's Department of Agriculture."],"thumb":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b8/Coffee_trees.jpg","photos":[{"file":"Coffee trees.jpg","src":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b8/Coffee_trees.jpg","w":800,"h":804,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Coffee_trees.jpg","author":"Unknown","license":"Public domain","licenseUrl":"","caption":"Coffee trees in Hawaii"},{"file":"Henry Nicholas Greenwell.jpg","src":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a1/Henry_Nicholas_Greenwell.jpg","w":800,"h":1259,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Henry_Nicholas_Greenwell.jpg","author":"Photo by Sarony studios of Auckland, New Zealand","license":"Public domain","licenseUrl":"","caption":"Henry Nicholas Greenwell (1826–1891) was an English merchant credited with establishing Kona coffee as a internationally known brand. His family became major la"},{"file":"IHC corn picker, Story County, Iowa, 2011.jpg","src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/IHC_corn_picker%2C_Story_County%2C_Iowa%2C_2011.jpg/960px-IHC_corn_picker%2C_Story_County%2C_Iowa%2C_2011.jpg","w":800,"h":532,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:IHC_corn_picker,_Story_County,_Iowa,_2011.jpg","author":"Carl Wycoff","license":"CC BY 2.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0","caption":"A farmer using an old school IHC corn picker and trailer, Story County, Iowa, USA."},{"file":"Samuel Ruggles.jpg","src":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/25/Samuel_Ruggles.jpg","w":800,"h":1083,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Samuel_Ruggles.jpg","author":"Published by the Hawaiian Mission Children's Society","license":"Public domain","licenseUrl":"","caption":"Samuel Ruggles (1795-1871) was in the first Protestant missionary company to Hawaii in 1820. He first served in Honolulu, then Waimea Kauai 1820-8122, Hilo 1822"}],"coords":{"lat":21.5,"lon":-158},"flag":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Flag_of_Hawaii.svg/160px-Flag_of_Hawaii.svg.png?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","prod":{"name":"United States","rank":46,"tonnes":3817,"year":2024,"share":0.03},"gbif":null,"wd":null,"recipe":null,"inat":null,"cupping":{"n":73,"total":81.82,"aroma":7.57,"flavor":7.58,"aftertaste":7.5,"acidity":7.62,"body":7.63,"balance":7.64,"altitude":610,"varieties":[["Hawaiian Kona",44],["Peaberry",1],["Arusha",1]],"processing":[["Natural / Dry",40],["Washed / Wet",9]]},"wcr":null},"vietnam":{"id":"vietnam","type":"origin","curated":true,"name":"Vietnam","title":"Coffee production in Vietnam","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coffee_production_in_Vietnam","desc":"","about":["Coffee production has been a major source of income for Vietnam since the early 20th century. First introduced by the French in 1857, the Vietnamese coffee industry developed through the plantation system, becoming a major economic force in the country. After an interruption during and immediately following the Vietnam War, production rose once again after Đổi mới economic reforms, making coffee second only to rice in value of agricultural products exported from Vietnam."],"thumb":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Cafe_Tonkin.jpg/500px-Cafe_Tonkin.jpg","photos":[{"file":"Cafe Tonkin.jpg","src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Cafe_Tonkin.jpg/960px-Cafe_Tonkin.jpg","w":800,"h":566,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Cafe_Tonkin.jpg","author":"Salles, Firmin André (1860-1929). Photographe","license":"Public domain","licenseUrl":"","caption":"Coffee tree on the Cressonnière plantation, near Kécheu. 1898. Rotated and cropped with GIMP"},{"file":"Coffee GL 2020.jpg","src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Coffee_GL_2020.jpg/960px-Coffee_GL_2020.jpg","w":800,"h":379,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Coffee_GL_2020.jpg","author":"Stef vnmq","license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0","caption":"Coffee landscape in Gia Lai, Vietnam Central Highlands, 2020"},{"file":"Coffee cup in Hanoi, Vietnam.jpg","src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Coffee_cup_in_Hanoi%2C_Vietnam.jpg/960px-Coffee_cup_in_Hanoi%2C_Vietnam.jpg","w":800,"h":533,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Coffee_cup_in_Hanoi,_Vietnam.jpg","author":"Vyacheslav Argenberg","license":"CC BY 4.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0","caption":"Coffee cup in Hanoi, Vietnam."},{"file":"Coffee tree arabica.jpg","src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Coffee_tree_arabica.jpg/960px-Coffee_tree_arabica.jpg","w":800,"h":600,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Coffee_tree_arabica.jpg","author":"DXLINH","license":"CC BY-SA 3.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0","caption":"Cây cà phê chè ở Lâm Đồng, Việt Nam"},{"file":"Saigon cafe filtre 01.jpg","src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Saigon_cafe_filtre_01.jpg/960px-Saigon_cafe_filtre_01.jpg","w":800,"h":800,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Saigon_cafe_filtre_01.jpg","author":"Takeaway","license":"CC BY-SA 3.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0","caption":"A café filtre served at a sidewalk café in Ho Chi Minh City. In southern Vietnam, a cup of coffee is often accompanied by a cup of hot or cold tea. In northern "}],"coords":{"lat":16,"lon":108},"flag":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Vietnam.svg/160px-Flag_of_Vietnam.svg.png?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","prod":{"name":"Vietnam","rank":2,"tonnes":2015289,"year":2024,"share":17.86},"gbif":null,"wd":null,"recipe":null,"inat":null,"cupping":{"n":8,"total":81.21,"aroma":6.54,"flavor":7.38,"aftertaste":7.2,"acidity":6.51,"body":6.68,"balance":7.46,"altitude":1040,"varieties":[["Other",3],["Catimor",2],["Caturra",2]],"processing":[["Natural / Dry",4],["Other",3],["Washed / Wet",1]]},"wcr":null},"indonesia":{"id":"indonesia","type":"origin","curated":true,"name":"Indonesia","title":"Coffee production in Indonesia","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coffee_production_in_Indonesia","desc":"","about":["Indonesia was the fourth-largest producer of coffee in the world in 2025. Coffee cultivation in Indonesia began in the late 1600s and early 1700s, during the early Dutch colonial period, and has played an important part in the growth of the country. Indonesia is geographically and climatologically well-suited for coffee plantations, near the equator and with multiple interior mountainous regions on its main islands, creating well-suited microclimates for the growth and production of coffee.","Indonesia produced an estimated 660,000 metric tons of coffee in 2017. Of this total, it is estimated that 154,800 tons were slated for domestic consumption in the 2013–2014 financial year. Of the exports, 25% are arabica beans; the balance is robusta. In general, Indonesia's arabica coffee varieties have low acidity and strong bodies, which make them ideal for blending with higher-acidity coffees from Central America and East Africa."],"thumb":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Balinese_Coffee.jpg/500px-Balinese_Coffee.jpg","photos":[{"file":"Balinese Coffee.jpg","src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Balinese_Coffee.jpg/960px-Balinese_Coffee.jpg","w":800,"h":600,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Balinese_Coffee.jpg","author":"Ken Eckert","license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0","caption":"A strong cup of Balinese coffee in the highlands"},{"file":"COLLECTIE TROPENMUSEUM Een man op leeftijd tijdens het pellen van koffie bij megalieten in het dorp Bena TMnr 20018314.jpg","src":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/51/COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Een_man_op_leeftijd_tijdens_het_pellen_van_koffie_bij_megalieten_in_het_dorp_Bena_TMnr_20018314.jpg","w":800,"h":517,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Een_man_op_leeftijd_tijdens_het_pellen_van_koffie_bij_megalieten_in_het_dorp_Bena_TMnr_20018314.jpg","author":"M. (Michael) Barak (Fotograaf/photographer).","license":"CC BY-SA 3.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0","caption":"An old man is peeling coffee near megalithic stones at Bena"},{"file":"COLLECTIE TROPENMUSEUM Man en kind tussen koffie- en of theestruiken op een plantage Nederlands-Indië TMnr 60022739.jpg","src":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/98/COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Man_en_kind_tussen_koffie-_en_of_theestruiken_op_een_plantage_Nederlands-Indi%C3%AB_TMnr_60022739.jpg","w":800,"h":643,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Man_en_kind_tussen_koffie-_en_of_theestruiken_op_een_plantage_Nederlands-Indi%C3%AB_TMnr_60022739.jpg","author":"Unknown authorUnknown author","license":"CC BY-SA 3.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0","caption":"Man and child standing between coffee and/or tea trees of a plantation, Dutch East Indies"},{"file":"Handmaking coffee in Indonesia.jpg","src":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7b/Handmaking_coffee_in_Indonesia.jpg","w":800,"h":518,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Handmaking_coffee_in_Indonesia.jpg","author":"Unknown","license":"CC BY-SA 3.0","licenseUrl":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/","caption":""},{"file":"Kopi-tubruk.jpg","src":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d4/Kopi-tubruk.jpg","w":800,"h":797,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Kopi-tubruk.jpg","author":"Michael.C.Wright","license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0","caption":"Traditional coffee preparation in Bali (minus the cigar)"},{"file":"Kopi luwak 090910-0075 lamb.JPG","src":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3b/Kopi_luwak_090910-0075_lamb.JPG","w":800,"h":707,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Kopi_luwak_090910-0075_lamb.JPG","author":"Wibowo Djatmiko (Wie146)","license":"CC BY-SA 3.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0","caption":"Kopi luwak, coffee seeds from faeces of palm civet. Lampung, Indonesia"},{"file":"Vereenigde Oostindische Compagnie spiegelretourschip Amsterdam replica.jpg","src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Vereenigde_Oostindische_Compagnie_spiegelretourschip_Amsterdam_replica.jpg/960px-Vereenigde_Oostindische_Compagnie_spiegelretourschip_Amsterdam_replica.jpg","w":800,"h":1200,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Vereenigde_Oostindische_Compagnie_spiegelretourschip_Amsterdam_replica.jpg","author":"McKarri","license":"CC BY-SA 3.0","licenseUrl":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/","caption":"Flag of the VOC (Dutch East India Company) on the replica of the East Indiaman Amsterdam in Amsterdam."}],"coords":{"lat":-5,"lon":120},"flag":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/160px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","prod":{"name":"Indonesia","rank":4,"tonnes":807578,"year":2024,"share":7.16},"gbif":null,"wd":null,"recipe":null,"inat":null,"cupping":{"n":20,"total":82.57,"aroma":7.65,"flavor":7.57,"aftertaste":7.42,"acidity":7.49,"body":7.63,"balance":7.52,"altitude":1350,"varieties":[["Other",4],["Mandheling",3],["Typica",3]],"processing":[["Washed / Wet",6],["Semi-washed / Semi-pulped",5],["Other",4]]},"wcr":null},"yunnan":{"id":"yunnan","type":"origin","curated":true,"name":"China","title":"Coffee production in China","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coffee_production_in_China","desc":"","about":["Modern cultivation of coffee in China began in 1988. In 2016 and 2017, China was among the top 20 worldwide producers of coffee. Ninety-eight per cent of the coffee grown in  China comes from Yunnan province."],"thumb":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Django_coffee_from_Yunnan%2C_China.jpg/500px-Django_coffee_from_Yunnan%2C_China.jpg","photos":[{"file":"Django coffee from Yunnan, China.jpg","src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Django_coffee_from_Yunnan%2C_China.jpg/960px-Django_coffee_from_Yunnan%2C_China.jpg","w":800,"h":800,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Django_coffee_from_Yunnan,_China.jpg","author":"Bex Walton from London, England","license":"CC BY 2.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0","caption":"Django coffee from Yunnan China, part of the February Dog & Hat box"}],"coords":{"lat":25.04944444,"lon":102.70888889},"flag":"","prod":{"name":"China","rank":15,"tonnes":114000,"year":2024,"share":1.01},"gbif":null,"wd":null,"recipe":null,"inat":null,"cupping":{"n":16,"total":82.93,"aroma":7.64,"flavor":7.63,"aftertaste":7.48,"acidity":7.58,"body":7.57,"balance":7.55,"altitude":1580,"varieties":[["Catimor",12],["Other",2],["Typica",2]],"processing":[["Washed / Wet",12],["Natural / Dry",3],["Pulped natural / honey",1]]},"wcr":null},"india":{"id":"india","type":"origin","curated":true,"name":"India","title":"Coffee production in India","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coffee_production_in_India","desc":"","about":["Coffee production in India is dominated in the hill tracts of South Indian states, with Karnataka accounting for 71%, followed by Kerala with 21% and Tamil Nadu (5% of overall production with 8,200 tonnes). Indian coffee is said to be the finest coffee grown in the shade rather than direct sunlight anywhere in the world. There are about 250,000 coffee growers in the country; 98% of them are small growers. As of 2009, Indian coffee made up just 4.5% of the global production, being the 7th largest producer of coffee. Almost 80% of Indian coffee is exported; 70% is bound for Germany, Russia, Spain, Belgium, Libya, Poland, Jordan, Malaysia, U.S.A, Slovenia and Austria. Italy accounts for 20.37% of the exports. Most of the export is shipped through the Suez Canal.","Coffee is grown in three regions of India with Karnataka, Kerala and Tamil Nadu forming the traditional coffee growing region, followed by the new areas developed in the non-traditional areas of Andhra Pradesh and Odisha in the eastern coast of the country and with a third region comprising the states of Assam, Manipur, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Tripura, Nagaland and Arunachal Pradesh of Northeastern India, popularly known as \"Seven Sister States of India\".","Unwashed Arabica & Robusta coffee (Arabica/Robusta Cherry A & AA) stored in Mangalore and exposed to the humidity/moisture of South West Monsoon during June to September is termed as \"Indian monsooned coffee\". Its flavour is defined as: \"The best Indian coffee reaches the flavour characteristics of Pacific coffees, but at its worst it is simply bland and uninspiring\". The two well known species of coffee grown are the Arabica and Robusta. The first variety that was introduced in the Baba Budan Giri hill ranges in Chikmagalur district of Karnataka state in the 17th century was marketed over the years under the brand names of Kent and S.795."],"thumb":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/2015_0117_Monsooned_Malabar_beans_unroosted.jpg/500px-2015_0117_Monsooned_Malabar_beans_unroosted.jpg","photos":[{"file":"2015 0117 Monsooned Malabar beans unroosted.jpg","src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/2015_0117_Monsooned_Malabar_beans_unroosted.jpg/960px-2015_0117_Monsooned_Malabar_beans_unroosted.jpg","w":800,"h":600,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:2015_0117_Monsooned_Malabar_beans_unroosted.jpg","author":"Takeaway","license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0","caption":"Unroosted Monsooned Malabar arabica beans start out with a similar colour and texture as the green Yirgachefe beans in the upper corner, but develop their uniqu"},{"file":"Araku Coffee Plantation.jpg","src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Araku_Coffee_Plantation.jpg/960px-Araku_Coffee_Plantation.jpg","w":800,"h":600,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Araku_Coffee_Plantation.jpg","author":"Amartyabag","license":"CC BY-SA 3.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0","caption":"Coffee plantation in Araku Valley, Andhra Pradesh."},{"file":"Coffea canephora 1 at Aanakkulam.jpg","src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Coffea_canephora_1_at_Aanakkulam.jpg/960px-Coffea_canephora_1_at_Aanakkulam.jpg","w":800,"h":600,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Coffea_canephora_1_at_Aanakkulam.jpg","author":"Jeevan Jose, Kerala, India","license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0","caption":"Robusta coffee (Coffea canephora; syn. Coffea robusta) is a species of coffee that has its origins in central and western sub-Saharan Africa. It is a species of"},{"file":"Coffee on hills of Cauvery River in Coorg.jpg","src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Coffee_on_hills_of_Cauvery_River_in_Coorg.jpg/960px-Coffee_on_hills_of_Cauvery_River_in_Coorg.jpg","w":800,"h":600,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Coffee_on_hills_of_Cauvery_River_in_Coorg.jpg","author":"s_w_ellis","license":"CC BY 2.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0","caption":"Coffee on hills of Cauvery River in Coorg"},{"file":"Foaming filter coffee.jpg","src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Foaming_filter_coffee.jpg/960px-Foaming_filter_coffee.jpg","w":800,"h":1049,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Foaming_filter_coffee.jpg","author":"Charles Haynes","license":"CC BY-SA 2.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.0","caption":"Metal tumblers of South Indian filter coffee at Mavalli Tiffin Room in Bangalore."},{"file":"India coffee bean collecting.jpg","src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/India_coffee_bean_collecting.jpg/960px-India_coffee_bean_collecting.jpg","w":800,"h":533,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:India_coffee_bean_collecting.jpg","author":"Emil Bendixen","license":"CC BY 2.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0","caption":"Glenlorna Tata Coffee Estate, Coorg, India"},{"file":"India coffee forests.jpg","src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/India_coffee_forests.jpg/960px-India_coffee_forests.jpg","w":800,"h":533,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:India_coffee_forests.jpg","author":"Michael Allen Smith, INeedCoffee","license":"CC BY-SA 2.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.0","caption":"Cobras on coffee plantation"},{"file":"Indian coffee beans.jpg","src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Indian_coffee_beans.jpg/960px-Indian_coffee_beans.jpg","w":800,"h":600,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Indian_coffee_beans.jpg","author":"Abdulla Al Muhairi","license":"CC BY 2.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0","caption":"Karnataka coffee beans"}],"coords":{"lat":21,"lon":78},"flag":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/160px-Flag_of_India.svg.png?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","prod":{"name":"India","rank":7,"tonnes":363000,"year":2024,"share":3.22},"gbif":null,"wd":null,"recipe":null,"inat":null,"cupping":{"n":14,"total":81.08,"aroma":0.55,"flavor":7.62,"aftertaste":7.57,"acidity":0.48,"body":0.51,"balance":7.67,"altitude":1000,"varieties":[["Other",2]],"processing":[["Natural / Dry",5],["Washed / Wet",3]]},"wcr":null},"natural":{"id":"natural","type":"process","curated":true,"name":"Coffee production","title":"Coffee production","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coffee_production","desc":"Industrial process","about":["Coffee production is the industrial process of converting the raw fruit (the coffee cherry) of the coffee plant into finished coffee beans. About eight months after coffee cherries appear on a coffee plant, the cherries are harvested either by hand or by machine. Then they are, depending on the method, pulped and then dried or simply set out to dry. After this, the beans are stripped of their remaining dry skin and fruit residue. Once they are cleaned, sorted, and graded, they are suitable for distribution. While all green coffee, produced from immature coffee beans, is processed, the method that is used to process coffee varies, and significantly affects the flavor of coffee once it is roasted and brewed. Coffee production is a major source of income for 12.5 million households, most in developing countries."],"thumb":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Coffee_Drying.jpg/500px-Coffee_Drying.jpg","photos":[{"file":"2015 0117 Monsooned Malabar beans unroosted.jpg","src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/2015_0117_Monsooned_Malabar_beans_unroosted.jpg/960px-2015_0117_Monsooned_Malabar_beans_unroosted.jpg","w":800,"h":600,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:2015_0117_Monsooned_Malabar_beans_unroosted.jpg","author":"Takeaway","license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0","caption":"Unroosted Monsooned Malabar arabica beans start out with a similar colour and texture as the green Yirgachefe beans in the upper corner, but develop their uniqu"},{"file":"Coffee Drying.jpg","src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Coffee_Drying.jpg/960px-Coffee_Drying.jpg","w":800,"h":529,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Coffee_Drying.jpg","author":"No machine-readable author provided. Ronchy~commonswiki assumed (based on copyri","license":"Public domain","licenseUrl":"","caption":"Secado de café al Sol en una plantación de Costa Rica"},{"file":"Coffee Harvester Mareeba.JPG","src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Coffee_Harvester_Mareeba.JPG/960px-Coffee_Harvester_Mareeba.JPG","w":800,"h":598,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Coffee_Harvester_Mareeba.JPG","author":"Photnart","license":"CC BY-SA 3.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0","caption":"Coffee Harvester Mareeba"},{"file":"Coffee Processing Seperation vats.jpg","src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Coffee_Processing_Seperation_vats.jpg/960px-Coffee_Processing_Seperation_vats.jpg","w":800,"h":434,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Coffee_Processing_Seperation_vats.jpg","author":"No machine-readable author provided. Ronchy~commonswiki assumed (based on copyri","license":"Public domain","licenseUrl":"","caption":"Clasificación de los granos por separación en cubas de agua"},{"file":"Coffee Stacked Bags.jpg","src":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/67/Coffee_Stacked_Bags.jpg","w":800,"h":387,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Coffee_Stacked_Bags.jpg","author":"No machine-readable author provided. Ronchy~commonswiki assumed (based on copyri","license":"Public domain","licenseUrl":"","caption":"Green Coffee stacked in bags"},{"file":"Coffee beans being sorted and pulped.jpg","src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Coffee_beans_being_sorted_and_pulped.jpg/960px-Coffee_beans_being_sorted_and_pulped.jpg","w":800,"h":600,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Coffee_beans_being_sorted_and_pulped.jpg","author":"Unknown","license":"CC BY-SA 2.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.0","caption":""},{"file":"DirkvdM coffee-drying.jpg","src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/DirkvdM_coffee-drying.jpg/960px-DirkvdM_coffee-drying.jpg","w":800,"h":622,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:DirkvdM_coffee-drying.jpg","author":"Unknown","license":"CC BY-SA 3.0","licenseUrl":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/","caption":""},{"file":"Field-expedient-fermentation-vietnam.jpg","src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Field-expedient-fermentation-vietnam.jpg/960px-Field-expedient-fermentation-vietnam.jpg","w":800,"h":534,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Field-expedient-fermentation-vietnam.jpg","author":"Michael.C.Wright","license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0","caption":"A field-expedient fermentation tank in Vietnam."}],"coords":null,"flag":"","prod":null,"gbif":null,"wd":{"qid":"Q1054321","parts":["coffee processing"]},"recipe":null,"inat":null,"cupping":null,"wcr":null},"wet-hulled":{"id":"wet-hulled","type":"process","curated":true,"name":"Giling Basah","title":"Giling Basah","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giling_Basah","desc":"Indonesian term for traditional coffee processors","about":["Giling Basah is a term used by Indonesian coffee processors to describe the method they use to remove the hulls of Coffea arabica and Coffea robusta. Literally translated from Indonesian, the term means \"wet grinding\".","The coffee industry also uses the term \"wet hulled\" to describe the same process.","Most small-scale farmers in Sumatra, Sulawesi, Flores and Papua use the Giling Basah process. The mature coffee fruit, referred to as the coffee cherry, is harvested. This method is a pragmatic response to the region's humid, rainy climate, which makes it impractical to dry the coffee using more traditional methods that require weeks of consistent sun. And farmers remove the outer skin mechanically using locally built pulping machines. The coffee beans, coated with mucilage, are stored for up to a day during which a natural fermentation breaks down the sticky residue. Afterwards the coffee beans, protected by a parchment hull (endocarp) are washed off  before being let out to dry.","Contrary to other traditional drying methods, where the parchment coffee is dried until it reaches about 12% moisture content, the beans in the Giling Basah process are hulled when they reach between 30 and 35% moisture content; still semi-wet. The green coffee beans are then further dried to reach the exportable 12% moisture content. This operation gives the beans a unique bluish-green appearance and is thought to reduce the acidity and increase the body, resulting in the classic Indonesian cup profile. The Giling Basah process also introduces additional flavors that can be vegetal or herbal, woody or musty, sometimes earthy."],"thumb":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Coffee_defect_kuku_kambing.jpg/500px-Coffee_defect_kuku_kambing.jpg","photos":[{"file":"Coffee defect kuku kambing.jpg","src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Coffee_defect_kuku_kambing.jpg/960px-Coffee_defect_kuku_kambing.jpg","w":800,"h":533,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Coffee_defect_kuku_kambing.jpg","author":"Michael.C.Wright","license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0","caption":"Wet hulling (gilling basah) is a process used in Indonesia to remove the parchment layer (endocarp) from the coffee seed while the parchment and seed is still w"}],"coords":null,"flag":"","prod":null,"gbif":null,"wd":null,"recipe":null,"inat":null,"cupping":null,"wcr":null},"chemex":{"id":"chemex","type":"brew","curated":true,"name":"Chemex Coffeemaker","title":"Chemex Coffeemaker","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemex_Coffeemaker","desc":"Pour-over style glass coffeemaker","about":["The Chemex Coffeemaker is a manual pour-over style glass coffeemaker, invented by Peter Schlumbohm in 1941, manufactured by the Chemex Corporation in Chicopee, Massachusetts.","In 1958, designers at the Illinois Institute of Technology selected the Chemex Coffeemaker as \"one of the best-designed products of modern times.\" It is included in the collection of the Museum of Modern Art in New York City.  It has been featured in the novel From Russia with Love, in a scene where James Bond eats breakfast, the film Harper starring Paul Newman, The Mary Tyler Moore Show, and Ira Levin's Rosemary's Baby, as well as its film adaptation."],"thumb":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Chemex_coffeemaker_half_moon_unfolded_filter_with_regular_filter.jpg/500px-Chemex_coffeemaker_half_moon_unfolded_filter_with_regular_filter.jpg","photos":[{"file":"Chemex coffeemaker half moon unfolded filter with regular filter.jpg","src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Chemex_coffeemaker_half_moon_unfolded_filter_with_regular_filter.jpg/960px-Chemex_coffeemaker_half_moon_unfolded_filter_with_regular_filter.jpg","w":800,"h":600,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Chemex_coffeemaker_half_moon_unfolded_filter_with_regular_filter.jpg","author":"Hay Kranen","license":"CC BY 4.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0","caption":"Chemex coffeemaker \"unfolded half moon\" filter (right) together with a regular #4 coffee filter (left)"},{"file":"Chemex coffeemaker with filter.jpg","src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Chemex_coffeemaker_with_filter.jpg/960px-Chemex_coffeemaker_with_filter.jpg","w":800,"h":1067,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Chemex_coffeemaker_with_filter.jpg","author":"Hay Kranen","license":"CC BY 4.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0","caption":"A Chemex coffeemaker with a typical 'half moon' coffee filter and dripping coffee."},{"file":"Peter Schlumbohm. Coffee Maker, Designed 1941.jpg","src":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a9/Peter_Schlumbohm._Coffee_Maker%2C_Designed_1941.jpg","w":800,"h":1084,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Peter_Schlumbohm._Coffee_Maker,_Designed_1941.jpg","author":"Peter Schlumbohm","license":"No restrictions","licenseUrl":"","caption":"Peter Schlumbohm (American, born Germany, 1896-1962). Chemex coffee maker, Designed 1941. Glass, wood, leather, 11 3/8 x 6 7/8 x 6 7/8 in. (28.9 x 17.5 x 17.5 c"}],"coords":null,"flag":"","prod":null,"gbif":null,"wd":{"qid":"Q5090371","origin":["United States"],"inventor":["Peter Schlumbohm"],"since":"1941"},"recipe":null,"inat":null,"cupping":null,"wcr":null},"aeropress":{"id":"aeropress","type":"brew","curated":true,"name":"AeroPress","title":"AeroPress","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AeroPress","desc":"Manual coffee brewer (developed 2004)","about":["The AeroPress is a manual coffeemaker invented by Alan Adler, founder of AeroPress, Inc. (formerly Aerobie Inc.). It consists of a cylindrical brewing chamber, a plunger with an airtight silicone seal, and a screw-on cap which holds a paper or mesh filter. Coffee is steeped inside, then forced through the filter by pressing the plunger down through the chamber.","The use of pressure makes it capable of brewing highly concentrated coffee, comparable to espresso, but it can also be used to brew filter-strength coffee and cold brew."],"thumb":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/2015_AeroPress_and_2020_AeroPress_Go.jpg/500px-2015_AeroPress_and_2020_AeroPress_Go.jpg","photos":[{"file":"2015 AeroPress and 2020 AeroPress Go.jpg","src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/2015_AeroPress_and_2020_AeroPress_Go.jpg/960px-2015_AeroPress_and_2020_AeroPress_Go.jpg","w":800,"h":600,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:2015_AeroPress_and_2020_AeroPress_Go.jpg","author":"Bex Walton","license":"CC BY 2.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0","caption":"An outdoors photo of the AeroPress manual coffeemaker, next to the smaller AeroPress Go. Both devices consist of a cylindrical brewing chamber, a cylindrical pl"},{"file":"2019 02 AeroPress Pacamara Central Mall Korat.jpg","src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/2019_02_AeroPress_Pacamara_Central_Mall_Korat.jpg/960px-2019_02_AeroPress_Pacamara_Central_Mall_Korat.jpg","w":800,"h":1067,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:2019_02_AeroPress_Pacamara_Central_Mall_Korat.jpg","author":"Takeaway","license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0","caption":"AeroPress at the Pacamara coffee shop inside Central Department Store, Korat"},{"file":"Aeropress2.jpg","src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Aeropress2.jpg/960px-Aeropress2.jpg","w":800,"h":795,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Aeropress2.jpg","author":"Jamesjsimon (talk) (Uploads)","license":"CC BY 3.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0","caption":"James Simon, Aeropress coffee"}],"coords":null,"flag":"","prod":null,"gbif":null,"wd":{"qid":"Q381188","origin":["United States"],"madeFrom":["polypropylene"],"inventor":["Alan Adler"],"since":"2005"},"recipe":null,"inat":null,"cupping":null,"wcr":null},"french-press":{"id":"french-press","type":"brew","curated":true,"name":"French press","title":"French press","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/French_press","desc":"Coffee brewing device","about":["A French press, also known as a cafetière, cafetière à piston, caffettiera a stantuffo, press pot, coffee press or coffee plunger is a coffee brewing device, although it can also be used for other tasks. As a method of coffee preparation based on steeping the coffee grounds for a few minutes in hot water, the French press is a very simple device which can deliver an excellent coffee taste. Since it is compact and portable, the French press is a popular choice for camping.","In 1812, Benjamin Thompson invented a drip-press coffee brewing device In 1852, Jacques-Victor Delforge and Henri-Otto Mayer patented a device in France."],"thumb":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Cafetiere_1852_%28Mayer_%26_Delforge%29.jpg/500px-Cafetiere_1852_%28Mayer_%26_Delforge%29.jpg","photos":[{"file":"Cafetiere 1852 (Mayer & Delforge).jpg","src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Cafetiere_1852_%28Mayer_%26_Delforge%29.jpg/960px-Cafetiere_1852_%28Mayer_%26_Delforge%29.jpg","w":800,"h":433,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Cafetiere_1852_(Mayer_%26_Delforge).jpg","author":"Henri-Otto MAYER/ Jacques-Victor DELFORGE","license":"Public domain","licenseUrl":"","caption":"Patent drawing of Mayer & Delforge's cafetiere."},{"file":"French press 2020.jpg","src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/French_press_2020.jpg/960px-French_press_2020.jpg","w":800,"h":1200,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:French_press_2020.jpg","author":"KoeppiK","license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0","caption":"This picture shows a french press. The mesh piston is pushed into the beaker about two-thirds of the way."},{"file":"French press beaker and piston.jpg","src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/French_press_beaker_and_piston.jpg/960px-French_press_beaker_and_piston.jpg","w":800,"h":532,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:French_press_beaker_and_piston.jpg","author":"KoeppiK","license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0","caption":"This picture shows the beaker of a french press and left aside the mesh piston."},{"file":"French press filter bottom side.jpg","src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/French_press_filter_bottom_side.jpg/960px-French_press_filter_bottom_side.jpg","w":800,"h":532,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:French_press_filter_bottom_side.jpg","author":"KoeppiK","license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0","caption":"This picture shows the bottom side of the mesh of a french press."},{"file":"French press filter upper side.jpg","src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/French_press_filter_upper_side.jpg/960px-French_press_filter_upper_side.jpg","w":800,"h":532,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:French_press_filter_upper_side.jpg","author":"KoeppiK","license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0","caption":"This picture shows the upper side of the mesh of a french press."},{"file":"Stainless steel french press.png","src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Stainless_steel_french_press.png/960px-Stainless_steel_french_press.png","w":800,"h":1268,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Stainless_steel_french_press.png","author":"Shisma","license":"CC BY 4.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0","caption":"A stainless steel French press manufactured by Alfi"}],"coords":null,"flag":"","prod":null,"gbif":null,"wd":{"qid":"Q1147545","since":"1852"},"recipe":null,"inat":null,"cupping":null,"wcr":null},"espresso":{"id":"espresso","type":"brew","curated":true,"name":"Espresso","title":"Espresso","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Espresso","desc":"Type of strong coffee","about":["Espresso ( , Italian: [eˈsprɛsso]) is a concentrated form of coffee produced by forcing hot water under high pressure through finely ground coffee beans. Originating in Italy, espresso has become one of the most popular coffee-brewing methods worldwide. It is characterized by its small serving size, typically 25–30 ml, and its distinctive layers: a dark body topped with a lighter-coloured foam called \"crema\".","Espresso machines use pressure to extract a highly concentrated coffee with a complex flavor profile in a short time, usually 25–30 seconds. The result is a beverage with a higher concentration of suspended and dissolved solids than regular drip coffee, giving espresso its characteristic body and intensity. While espresso contains more caffeine per unit volume than most coffee beverages, its typical serving size results in less caffeine per serving compared to larger drinks such as drip coffee.","Espresso serves as the base for other coffee drinks, including cappuccino, caffè latte, and americano. It can be made with various types of coffee beans and roast levels, allowing for a wide range of flavors and strengths, despite the widespread myth that it is made with dark-roast coffee beans. The quality of an espresso is influenced by factors such as the grind size, water temperature, pressure, and the barista's skill in tamping (packing and leveling) the coffee grounds.","The cultural significance of espresso extends beyond its consumption, playing a central role in coffee shop culture and the third-wave coffee movement, which emphasizes artisanal production and high-quality beans."],"thumb":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/A_good_cappuccino_starts_with_a_perfect_espresso%21%21_%284441914182%29.jpg/500px-A_good_cappuccino_starts_with_a_perfect_espresso%21%21_%284441914182%29.jpg","photos":[{"file":"A good cappuccino starts with a perfect espresso!! (4441914182).jpg","src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/A_good_cappuccino_starts_with_a_perfect_espresso%21%21_%284441914182%29.jpg/960px-A_good_cappuccino_starts_with_a_perfect_espresso%21%21_%284441914182%29.jpg","w":800,"h":1200,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:A_good_cappuccino_starts_with_a_perfect_espresso!!_(4441914182).jpg","author":"Sander van der Wel from Netherlands","license":"CC BY-SA 2.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.0","caption":"A good cappuccino starts with a perfect espresso!!"},{"file":"Bezzera & caffè espresso.jpg","src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Bezzera_%26_caff%C3%A8_espresso.jpg/960px-Bezzera_%26_caff%C3%A8_espresso.jpg","w":800,"h":620,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Bezzera_%26_caff%C3%A8_espresso.jpg","author":"Unknown authorUnknown author","license":"Public domain","licenseUrl":"","caption":"Luigi Bezzera and \"caffe espresso\" at the World Expo 1906 in Milan."},{"file":"Cappuccino at Sightglass Coffee.jpg","src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Cappuccino_at_Sightglass_Coffee.jpg/960px-Cappuccino_at_Sightglass_Coffee.jpg","w":800,"h":533,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Cappuccino_at_Sightglass_Coffee.jpg","author":"Jonathan McIntosh","license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0","caption":"Cappuccino at Sightglass Coffee in San Francisco"},{"file":"Carajillo en Duralex Cigogne.jpg","src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Carajillo_en_Duralex_Cigogne.jpg/960px-Carajillo_en_Duralex_Cigogne.jpg","w":800,"h":718,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Carajillo_en_Duralex_Cigogne.jpg","author":"Francesc Fort","license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0","caption":"Café tocat en un got Duralex Cigogne."},{"file":"Doppio.jpg","src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Doppio.jpg/960px-Doppio.jpg","w":800,"h":536,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Doppio.jpg","author":"Osman Bas","license":"CC BY 2.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0","caption":"Doppio, in espresso, is a double shot, extracted using a double filter basket in the portafilter. This results in a 60ml drink, double the amount of a single sh"},{"file":"Doppio ristretto Chiang Mai.jpg","src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Doppio_ristretto_Chiang_Mai.jpg/960px-Doppio_ristretto_Chiang_Mai.jpg","w":800,"h":800,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Doppio_ristretto_Chiang_Mai.jpg","author":"Takeaway","license":"CC BY-SA 3.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0","caption":"A ristretto doppio in Chiang Mai, Thailand. The cup at the bottom of the image contains the first half, and the cup on the right contains the second half of a s"},{"file":"Espresso-machine-first-patent-angelo-moriondo.jpg","src":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/38/Espresso-machine-first-patent-angelo-moriondo.jpg","w":800,"h":820,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Espresso-machine-first-patent-angelo-moriondo.jpg","author":"Mr. Angelo Moriondo","license":"Public domain","licenseUrl":"","caption":"First patent (vol. 33 n. 256) for the Espresso Machine, by Mr. Angelo Moriondo, dated May 16, 1884 and titled \"Nuovi apparecchi a vapore per la confezione econo"},{"file":"EspressoMachine 20200223 151208.jpg","src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/EspressoMachine_20200223_151208.jpg/960px-EspressoMachine_20200223_151208.jpg","w":800,"h":450,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:EspressoMachine_20200223_151208.jpg","author":"Ka23 13","license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0","caption":"Espresso machine Nuova Simonelli Appia II"}],"coords":null,"flag":"","prod":null,"gbif":null,"wd":{"qid":"Q180289","origin":["Italy","France"],"madeFrom":["coffee bean"],"parts":["caffè crema"],"since":"1884"},"recipe":null,"inat":null,"cupping":null,"wcr":null},"moka-pot":{"id":"moka-pot","type":"brew","curated":true,"name":"Moka pot","title":"Moka pot","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moka_pot","desc":"Device used for brewing coffee","about":["The moka pot is a stove-top or electric coffee maker that brews coffee by passing hot water driven by vapor pressure and heat-driven gas expansion through ground coffee. Named after the Yemeni city of Mokha, it was popularized by Italian aluminum vendor Alfonso Bialetti and his son Renato starting from 1933. It quickly became one of the staples of Italian culture. Bialetti Industries continues to produce the original model under the trade name \"Moka Express\".","Spreading from Italy, the moka pot is today most commonly used in Europe, Latin America, and Australia. It has become an iconic design, displayed in modern industrial art and design museums including the Wolfsonian-FIU, the Cooper–Hewitt, National Design Museum, the Design Museum, the London Science Museum, The Smithsonian and the Museum of Modern Art. Moka pots come in different sizes, making from one to eighteen 50 ml (2 imp fl oz; 2 US fl oz) servings.","The original design and many current models are made from aluminium with Bakelite handles, though they are sometimes made out of stainless steel or other alloys. Some designs feature an upper half made of heat-resistant glass."],"thumb":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/020220819_Kaffitraktar_tidleg_p%C3%A5_1900-talet%2C_Galizia.jpg/500px-020220819_Kaffitraktar_tidleg_p%C3%A5_1900-talet%2C_Galizia.jpg","photos":[{"file":"020220819 Kaffitraktar tidleg på 1900-talet, Galizia.jpg","src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/020220819_Kaffitraktar_tidleg_p%C3%A5_1900-talet%2C_Galizia.jpg/960px-020220819_Kaffitraktar_tidleg_p%C3%A5_1900-talet%2C_Galizia.jpg","w":800,"h":1066,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:020220819_Kaffitraktar_tidleg_p%C3%A5_1900-talet,_Galizia.jpg","author":"Silar","license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0","caption":"Early 20th century coffee maker, Galicia."},{"file":"2015 0826 Bialettis Boon Den Haag.jpg","src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/2015_0826_Bialettis_Boon_Den_Haag.jpg/960px-2015_0826_Bialettis_Boon_Den_Haag.jpg","w":800,"h":503,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:2015_0826_Bialettis_Boon_Den_Haag.jpg","author":"Takeaway","license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0","caption":"A selection of Bialetti moka pots at Koffiebranderij BOON in The Hague."},{"file":"Brikka 2.jpg","src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Brikka_2.jpg/960px-Brikka_2.jpg","w":800,"h":600,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Brikka_2.jpg","author":"Inga Beretta from Milan, italy","license":"CC BY 2.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0","caption":"Brikka is an improved Moka pot by Bialetti. It incorporates a weight on top of the nozzle that causes pressure to build up inside the water tank in a manner sim"},{"file":"Coffee f3327912.jpg","src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Coffee_f3327912.jpg/960px-Coffee_f3327912.jpg","w":800,"h":533,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Coffee_f3327912.jpg","author":"Rama","license":"CC BY-SA 2.0 fr","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.0/fr/deed.en","caption":"Moka Express being loaded with coffee"},{"file":"Coffee pot fountain.jpg","src":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0e/Coffee_pot_fountain.jpg","w":800,"h":800,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Coffee_pot_fountain.jpg","author":"Ralf Junghanns","license":"Public domain","licenseUrl":"","caption":"Coffee pot fountain version"},{"file":"Componenti della Moka.jpg","src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Componenti_della_Moka.jpg/960px-Componenti_della_Moka.jpg","w":800,"h":1132,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Componenti_della_Moka.jpg","author":"Bialetti","license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0","caption":"Moka components: boiler, funnel filter, gasket, filter plate, pot"},{"file":"Katholieke Illustratie 1867-1868 - nr 38 p 304 - Nieuwe koffij-machine.jpg","src":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f6/Katholieke_Illustratie_1867-1868_-_nr_38_p_304_-_Nieuwe_koffij-machine.jpg","w":800,"h":1690,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Katholieke_Illustratie_1867-1868_-_nr_38_p_304_-_Nieuwe_koffij-machine.jpg","author":"Various authors","license":"Public domain","licenseUrl":"","caption":"Nieuwe koffij-machine"},{"file":"Moka brewing.jpg","src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Moka_brewing.jpg/960px-Moka_brewing.jpg","w":800,"h":763,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Moka_brewing.jpg","author":"Jordon Smith","license":"CC BY 3.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0","caption":"Moka pot brewing coffee"}],"coords":null,"flag":"","prod":null,"gbif":null,"wd":{"qid":"Q1054566","since":"1933"},"recipe":null,"inat":null,"cupping":null,"wcr":null},"cold-brew":{"id":"cold-brew","type":"brew","curated":true,"name":"Cold brew coffee","title":"Cold brew coffee","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cold_brew_coffee","desc":"Coffee made by steeping grounds in cold water","about":["Cold brew coffee, also called cold water extraction or cold pressing, is a type of coffee prepared by the process of steeping coffee grounds in water at cool temperatures for an extended period. Coarse-ground beans are soaked in water for 12 to 24 hours.","The water is normally kept at room temperature, but chilled water can be used. After the grounds have been steeped, they are filtered out of the water using a paper coffee filter, or a fine metal sieve (e.g. in a French press), or felt. The result is a coffee concentrate that is diluted with water or milk, and is sometimes served hot, but often served chilled, over ice, or blended with ice and other ingredients such as chocolate."],"thumb":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Nitro_Cold_Brew.jpg/500px-Nitro_Cold_Brew.jpg","photos":[{"file":"Nitro Cold Brew.jpg","src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Nitro_Cold_Brew.jpg/960px-Nitro_Cold_Brew.jpg","w":800,"h":1110,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Nitro_Cold_Brew.jpg","author":"Ems1960","license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0","caption":"16 ounce nitro cold brew, with foam on top of coffee"},{"file":"Preparation of cold brew coffee 06.jpg","src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Preparation_of_cold_brew_coffee_06.jpg/960px-Preparation_of_cold_brew_coffee_06.jpg","w":800,"h":1201,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Preparation_of_cold_brew_coffee_06.jpg","author":"Sage Ross","license":"CC BY-SA 3.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0","caption":"The preparation of cold brew coffee, roughly following the preparation process described by Cory Doctorow in the novel Homeland"}],"coords":null,"flag":"","prod":null,"gbif":null,"wd":{"qid":"Q5142444","parts":["coffee bean"]},"recipe":null,"inat":null,"cupping":null,"wcr":null},"cezve":{"id":"cezve","type":"brew","curated":true,"name":"Cezve","title":"Cezve","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cezve","desc":"Traditional pot for making Turkish coffee","about":["A cezve (Turkish: cezve, pronounced [dʒezˈve] ; Serbo-Croatian: džezva / џезва; Arabic: جِذوَة), also ibriki/briki (Greek: μπρίκι), srjep (Armenian: սրճեփ), rakwa (Arabic: ركوة), ghallaya (Arabic: غلاية), or kanaka (Arabic: كَنَكَة), is a small long-handled pot with a pouring lip designed specifically to make Turkish coffee. It is traditionally made of brass or copper, occasionally also silver or gold. In more recent times cezveler are also made from stainless steel, aluminium, or ceramics."],"thumb":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Bak%C4%B1rcezve-fincan.jpg/500px-Bak%C4%B1rcezve-fincan.jpg","photos":[{"file":"Bakırcezve-fincan.jpg","src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Bak%C4%B1rcezve-fincan.jpg/960px-Bak%C4%B1rcezve-fincan.jpg","w":800,"h":810,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Bak%C4%B1rcezve-fincan.jpg","author":"Eaeeae","license":"CC BY-SA 3.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0","caption":"Hammered copper cezve with Turkish coffee pouring out"},{"file":"Coffee Souq Waqif Doha.jpg","src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Coffee_Souq_Waqif_Doha.jpg/960px-Coffee_Souq_Waqif_Doha.jpg","w":800,"h":588,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Coffee_Souq_Waqif_Doha.jpg","author":"StellarD","license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0","caption":"Arabic coffee at Souq Waqif in Doha, Qatar."},{"file":"Mocca2.JPG","src":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/82/Mocca2.JPG","w":800,"h":709,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Mocca2.JPG","author":"No machine-readable author provided. Peng assumed (based on copyright claims).","license":"CC BY-SA 3.0","licenseUrl":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/","caption":"\"Mokkaset\" mit Büchse, Löffel, Rührer und Kännchen (handgemacht aus Kreta)."},{"file":"Turska kava.jpg","src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Turska_kava.jpg/960px-Turska_kava.jpg","w":800,"h":600,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Turska_kava.jpg","author":"Silverije","license":"CC BY-SA 3.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0","caption":"Turkish coffee set (Bosnian version) containing a cup/fildžan of coffee, a coffee pot/cezve and a sugar bowl - served in Medjimurje County, Croatia"},{"file":"Türk Kahvesi - Bakir Cezve.jpg","src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/T%C3%BCrk_Kahvesi_-_Bakir_Cezve.jpg/960px-T%C3%BCrk_Kahvesi_-_Bakir_Cezve.jpg","w":800,"h":927,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:T%C3%BCrk_Kahvesi_-_Bakir_Cezve.jpg","author":"Eaeeae","license":"CC BY-SA 3.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0","caption":"Bakır cezve fotoğrafından dökülen Türk kahvesi, Müslüm Bayburs tarafından fotoğraflandı."}],"coords":null,"flag":"","prod":null,"gbif":null,"wd":null,"recipe":null,"inat":null,"cupping":null,"wcr":null},"barista-competitions":{"id":"barista-competitions","type":"topic","curated":true,"name":"World Barista Championship","title":"World Barista Championship","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Barista_Championship","desc":"Annual coffee competition","about":["The World Barista Championship (WBC) is an annual barista competition for the title of World Barista Champion. It is one of seven World Coffee Championships produced by the Specialty Coffee Association (SCA) through a wholly owned subsidiary. The competition is composed of the winners of the national barista championships, which are operated by the SCA chapters, or an approved, independent, non-profit national body. First held in 2000, the event is hosted in a different city every year. The 2025 edition, held in Milan, Italy, in October 2025, was won by Jack Simpson of Australia. The 2026 championship is scheduled for 22–25 October 2026 in Panama City and will be the first held in Central America."],"thumb":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e9/Gwilym_Davies.jpg","photos":[{"file":"Gwilym Davies.jpg","src":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e9/Gwilym_Davies.jpg","w":800,"h":1199,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Gwilym_Davies.jpg","author":"Liz Clayton","license":"CC BY 3.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0","caption":"Gwilym Davies composing his signature drink at the 2009 World Barista Championship in Atlanta, Georgia."},{"file":"WBC-pouring split.jpg","src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/WBC-pouring_split.jpg/960px-WBC-pouring_split.jpg","w":800,"h":600,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:WBC-pouring_split.jpg","author":"James Hoffmann","license":"CC BY 2.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0","caption":"James Hoffmann at the 2006 World Barista Championship in Switzerland."},{"file":"Wider side view Jong Hoon Lee competing WBC.jpg","src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Wider_side_view_Jong_Hoon_Lee_competing_WBC.jpg/960px-Wider_side_view_Jong_Hoon_Lee_competing_WBC.jpg","w":800,"h":533,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Wider_side_view_Jong_Hoon_Lee_competing_WBC.jpg","author":"baristahoon","license":"CC BY-SA 2.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.0","caption":"Jong Hoon Lee prepares coffee at the 2015 World Barista Championship"}],"coords":null,"flag":"","prod":null,"gbif":null,"wd":{"qid":"Q2593620","parts":["2021 World Barista Championship"],"since":"2000"},"recipe":null,"inat":null,"cupping":null,"wcr":null},"ristretto":{"id":"ristretto","type":"drink","curated":true,"name":"Ristretto","title":"Ristretto","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ristretto","desc":"Short shot of espresso coffee","about":["Ristretto (Italian: [risˈtretto]), known in full in Italian as caffè ristretto, is a \"short shot\" of a highly concentrated espresso, 20 ml (0.7 imp fl oz; 0.7 US fl oz) from a double basket. It is made with the same amount of ground coffee, but extracted (also in from 20 to 30 seconds) using half as much water. A normal short shot might look like a ristretto, but in reality, would only be a weaker, more diluted, shot. The opposite of a ristretto (Italian for 'shortened, narrow') is a lungo ('long'), which has double the amount of water. In France a ristretto is called café serré.","Regardless of whether one uses a hand-pressed machine or an automatic, a regular double shot is generally considered to be around 14–18 g (0.49–0.63 oz) of ground coffee extracted into about 40 ml (2 fl oz; two shot glasses). Thus, a \"double ristretto\" consumes the same amount of coffee beans but fills only a single shot glass.","Coffee contains over a thousand aromatic compounds. A ristretto's chemical composition and taste differ from those of a full-length extraction for three reasons:","More concentrated: the first part of any extraction is the most concentrated, its color typically lying between dark chocolate and umber, whereas the tail end of shots are much lighter, varying from the color of dark pumpkin pie to varying shades of tan (see photo, above right). This is an important factor when drinking straight espresso shots."],"thumb":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Doppio_ristretto_Chiang_Mai.jpg/500px-Doppio_ristretto_Chiang_Mai.jpg","photos":[{"file":"Doppio ristretto Chiang Mai.jpg","src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Doppio_ristretto_Chiang_Mai.jpg/960px-Doppio_ristretto_Chiang_Mai.jpg","w":800,"h":800,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Doppio_ristretto_Chiang_Mai.jpg","author":"Takeaway","license":"CC BY-SA 3.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0","caption":"A ristretto doppio in Chiang Mai, Thailand. The cup at the bottom of the image contains the first half, and the cup on the right contains the second half of a s"},{"file":"Manual Elektra espresso machine.jpg","src":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/67/Manual_Elektra_espresso_machine.jpg","w":800,"h":1201,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Manual_Elektra_espresso_machine.jpg","author":"Unknown","license":"CC BY-SA 2.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.0","caption":""},{"file":"RANCILIO SILVIA espresso machine.jpg","src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/RANCILIO_SILVIA_espresso_machine.jpg/960px-RANCILIO_SILVIA_espresso_machine.jpg","w":800,"h":1268,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:RANCILIO_SILVIA_espresso_machine.jpg","author":"Jmak","license":"CC BY-SA 3.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0","caption":"Rancilio Silvia consumer grade advanced Espresso machine"},{"file":"Ristretto - by Charles Haynes.jpg","src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Ristretto_-_by_Charles_Haynes.jpg/960px-Ristretto_-_by_Charles_Haynes.jpg","w":800,"h":600,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Ristretto_-_by_Charles_Haynes.jpg","author":"Charles Haynes from Sydney, Australia","license":"CC BY-SA 2.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.0","caption":"Cup of ristretto"}],"coords":null,"flag":"","prod":null,"gbif":null,"wd":{"qid":"Q59047","parts":["coffee bean"]},"recipe":null,"inat":null,"cupping":null,"wcr":null},"americano":{"id":"americano","type":"drink","curated":true,"name":"Caffè americano","title":"Caffè americano","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caff%C3%A8_americano","desc":"American and Italian coffee","about":["Caffè americano (Italian: [kafˈfɛ ameriˈkaːno]; Portuguese and Spanish: café americano; lit. 'American coffee'), also known as americano or American, is an espresso shot with hot water at a 1:3 to 1:4 ratio, resulting in a drink that retains the complex flavors of espresso, but in a lighter way. Its strength varies with the number of shots of espresso and the amount of water added. The name of the drink may also be written with Italian spelling and diacritics as \"caffè americano\", or Portuguese and Spanish spelling and diacritics as \"café americano\"."],"thumb":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Caff%C3%A8_americano_in_the_Philippines.jpg/500px-Caff%C3%A8_americano_in_the_Philippines.jpg","photos":[{"file":"Caffè americano in the Philippines.jpg","src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Caff%C3%A8_americano_in_the_Philippines.jpg/960px-Caff%C3%A8_americano_in_the_Philippines.jpg","w":800,"h":600,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Caff%C3%A8_americano_in_the_Philippines.jpg","author":"Ramon FVelasquez","license":"CC BY-SA 3.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0","caption":"Caffè americano served in the Philippines"},{"file":"Espresso Americano.jpeg","src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Espresso_Americano.jpeg/960px-Espresso_Americano.jpeg","w":800,"h":600,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Espresso_Americano.jpeg","author":"User:Sameer.siddhanti","license":"Public domain","licenseUrl":"","caption":"Black coffee (Espresso Americano) at Cafe Coffee Day in Bangalore."}],"coords":null,"flag":"","prod":null,"gbif":null,"wd":{"qid":"Q1152551","origin":["Italy","United States"],"parts":["espresso","drinking water"],"namedAfter":["United States"]},"recipe":null,"inat":null,"cupping":null,"wcr":null},"long-black":{"id":"long-black","type":"drink","curated":true,"name":"Long black","title":"Long black","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Long_black","desc":"Style of coffee","about":["Long black is a style of coffee commonly found in Australia and New Zealand, introduced in the 1950s and 1960s made by pouring a double shot of espresso into hot water. It is similar to an americano, which uses hot water and one shot of espresso. However, unlike the long black, the Americano is made by pouring the hot water into the espresso, instead of the other way round.","Typically about 100–120 millilitres (4 ounces) of water is used, but the measurement is amenable to individual taste. The smaller ratio of water compared to an Americano gives it a stronger taste. Both retain the crema when brewed properly, though in the long black the crema will be more pronounced."],"thumb":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c5/Nero_Espresso_long_black_%283168418775%29.jpg","photos":[{"file":"Nero Espresso long black (3168418775).jpg","src":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c5/Nero_Espresso_long_black_%283168418775%29.jpg","w":800,"h":600,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Nero_Espresso_long_black_(3168418775).jpg","author":"anthony_p_c","license":"CC BY 2.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0","caption":"Nero Espresso long black"}],"coords":null,"flag":"","prod":null,"gbif":null,"wd":null,"recipe":null,"inat":null,"cupping":null,"wcr":null},"macchiato":{"id":"macchiato","type":"drink","curated":true,"name":"Caffè macchiato","title":"Caffè macchiato","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caff%C3%A8_macchiato","desc":"Espresso coffee drink with a small amount of milk","about":["Caffè macchiato (Italian: [kafˈfɛ mmakˈkjaːto]; sometimes called espresso macchiato and sometimes shortened to just macchiato in English) is an espresso with a small amount of milk, usually foamed. In Italian, macchiato means 'stained' or 'spotted', so the literal translation of caffè macchiato is 'stained coffee' or 'marked coffee'."],"thumb":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Macchiato_%287199366530%29.jpg/500px-Macchiato_%287199366530%29.jpg","photos":[{"file":"Macchiato (7199366530).jpg","src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Macchiato_%287199366530%29.jpg/960px-Macchiato_%287199366530%29.jpg","w":800,"h":598,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Macchiato_(7199366530).jpg","author":"Jen Arrr","license":"CC BY-SA 2.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.0","caption":"2% Jazz"}],"coords":null,"flag":"","prod":null,"gbif":null,"wd":{"qid":"Q731543","origin":["Italy"],"parts":["espresso","milk"]},"recipe":null,"inat":null,"cupping":null,"wcr":null},"cortado":{"id":"cortado","type":"drink","curated":true,"name":"Cortado","title":"Cortado","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cortado","desc":"Espresso with equal amount of warm milk","about":["A cortado is a Spanish beverage consisting of espresso mixed with a roughly equal amount of warm milk to reduce the acidity, although the exact ratios have considerable regional variation. The milk in a cortado is steamed, but not frothy and \"texturized\" as in many Italian coffee drinks. The cortado is commonly served all over Spain.  The word cortado is the past participle of the Spanish verb cortar (lit. 'to cut'), in the sense of to dilute, and can refer variously to either coffee or espresso drinks throughout Spanish- and Portuguese-speaking countries."],"thumb":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Caf%C3%A9Cortado%28Tallat%29.jpg/500px-Caf%C3%A9Cortado%28Tallat%29.jpg","photos":[{"file":"CaféCortado(Tallat).jpg","src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Caf%C3%A9Cortado%28Tallat%29.jpg/960px-Caf%C3%A9Cortado%28Tallat%29.jpg","w":800,"h":534,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Caf%C3%A9Cortado(Tallat).jpg","author":"Charles Haynes","license":"CC BY-SA 2.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.0","caption":"Café Cortado (Tallat en Cataluña)"},{"file":"Gibraltar coffee, Ritual Roasters.jpg","src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Gibraltar_coffee%2C_Ritual_Roasters.jpg/960px-Gibraltar_coffee%2C_Ritual_Roasters.jpg","w":800,"h":1067,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Gibraltar_coffee,_Ritual_Roasters.jpg","author":"Brett L.","license":"CC BY-SA 2.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.0","caption":"A \"Gibraltar\" coffee drink, served at Ritual Roasters in San Francisco, CA."},{"file":"Red Rock Coffee Specialty Drinks.jpg","src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Red_Rock_Coffee_Specialty_Drinks.jpg/960px-Red_Rock_Coffee_Specialty_Drinks.jpg","w":800,"h":1034,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Red_Rock_Coffee_Specialty_Drinks.jpg","author":"Nbarth","license":"CC0","licenseUrl":"http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/deed.en","caption":"A framed diagram of specialty coffee drinks – Espresso, Macchiato, Gibraltar, and Cappuccino – at Red Rock Coffee, Mountain View, California, USA"}],"coords":null,"flag":"","prod":null,"gbif":null,"wd":{"qid":"Q59072","origin":["Spain"],"parts":["espresso","milk"]},"recipe":null,"inat":null,"cupping":null,"wcr":null},"flat-white":{"id":"flat-white","type":"drink","curated":true,"name":"Flat white","title":"Flat white","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flat_white","desc":"Drink of espresso coffee with steamed milk","about":["A flat white is a drink consisting of espresso coffee and steamed milk. It generally has a higher proportion of espresso to milk than a latte, and does not have the thick layer of foam of a cappuccino. The origin of the flat white is unclear; café owners in both Australia and New Zealand claim its invention. The name, however, was in use in England in the 1960s for an espresso-based coffee."],"thumb":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Flat_white_coffee_with_pretty_feather_pattern.jpg/500px-Flat_white_coffee_with_pretty_feather_pattern.jpg","photos":[{"file":"Flat white coffee with pretty feather pattern.jpg","src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Flat_white_coffee_with_pretty_feather_pattern.jpg/960px-Flat_white_coffee_with_pretty_feather_pattern.jpg","w":800,"h":1067,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Flat_white_coffee_with_pretty_feather_pattern.jpg","author":"GeorgeMichaelFarewell","license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0","caption":"A feather pattern on a flat white coffee by a Costa Coffee barista"}],"coords":null,"flag":"","prod":null,"gbif":null,"wd":{"qid":"Q62449","origin":["Australia","New Zealand"],"parts":["espresso","microfoam"]},"recipe":null,"inat":null,"cupping":null,"wcr":null},"cappuccino":{"id":"cappuccino","type":"drink","curated":true,"name":"Cappuccino","title":"Cappuccino","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cappuccino","desc":"Drink made with espresso coffee and steamed milk","about":["Cappuccino ( , Italian: [kapputˈtʃiːno]) is an espresso-based coffee drink traditionally prepared with steamed milk, including a layer of milk foam.","Variations of the drink involve the use of cream instead of milk, using non-dairy milk substitutes and flavoring with cocoa powder (in Europe and Australasia) or cinnamon (in the United States and South Korea). It is typically smaller in volume than that of a caffè latte, and topped with a thick layer of macrofoam rather than being made with microfoam.","The name comes from the Capuchin friars, referring to the color of their habits, and in this context, referring to the color of the beverage when milk is added in small portions to dark, brewed coffee (today mostly espresso). The physical appearance of a modern cappuccino with espresso crema and steamed milk is a result of a long evolution of the drink.","The Viennese bestowed the name Kapuziner, possibly in the 18th century, on an early version that included whipped cream and spices. Later, the Kapuziner was introduced in northern Italy during the period of Austrian domination, and Italians started to use it for the beverage as well as the friar dress. It is sometimes said to have been served in the coffeehouses of Trieste and other Italian areas of the Austro-Hungarian Empire in the early 20th century, spreading throughout the Kingdom of Italy after World War I. However, the existence in central Italy of a coffee drink mixed with milk named cappuccino is already documented in the 19th century."],"thumb":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Bled_%285081159596%29.jpg/500px-Bled_%285081159596%29.jpg","photos":[{"file":"Bled (5081159596).jpg","src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Bled_%285081159596%29.jpg/960px-Bled_%285081159596%29.jpg","w":800,"h":1200,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Bled_(5081159596).jpg","author":"Víctor Vélez from Barcelona, Spain","license":"CC BY 2.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0","caption":"Eslovenia 11"},{"file":"Cappuccino in original.jpg","src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Cappuccino_in_original.jpg/960px-Cappuccino_in_original.jpg","w":800,"h":533,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Cappuccino_in_original.jpg","author":"Vee Satayamas","license":"CC BY 2.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0","caption":"Original Cappuccino in the coffee house"},{"file":"Cappuccino milk froth.jpg","src":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b8/Cappuccino_milk_froth.jpg","w":800,"h":800,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Cappuccino_milk_froth.jpg","author":"Christos Andrews","license":"CC BY 3.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0","caption":"A barista spooning thick (\"dry\") milk froth into a cappuccino mug"},{"file":"KapuzinerKaffee.jpg","src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/KapuzinerKaffee.jpg/960px-KapuzinerKaffee.jpg","w":800,"h":1067,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:KapuzinerKaffee.jpg","author":"Alex1011","license":"CC BY-SA 3.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0","caption":"Kapuziner coffee as presented in Berlin-Moabit"}],"coords":null,"flag":"","prod":null,"gbif":null,"wd":{"qid":"Q159774","origin":["Italy"],"madeFrom":["milk","espresso"],"namedAfter":["Order of Friars Minor Capuchin"]},"recipe":null,"inat":null,"cupping":null,"wcr":null},"latte":{"id":"latte","type":"drink","curated":true,"name":"Latte","title":"Latte","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latte","desc":"Beverage made with espresso coffee and milk","about":["Latte () or caffè latte (Italian: [kaffe(l)ˈlatte]), also known as caffellatte, caffelatte, or rarely caffè e latte, is a coffee drink of Italian origin made with espresso coffee and steamed milk, traditionally served in a glass."],"thumb":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Caffe_Latte_at_Pulse_Cafe.jpg/500px-Caffe_Latte_at_Pulse_Cafe.jpg","photos":[{"file":"Caffe Latte at Pulse Cafe.jpg","src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Caffe_Latte_at_Pulse_Cafe.jpg/960px-Caffe_Latte_at_Pulse_Cafe.jpg","w":800,"h":691,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Caffe_Latte_at_Pulse_Cafe.jpg","author":"B adger1","license":"CC0","licenseUrl":"http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/deed.en","caption":"A typical caffe latte (or just \"latte\") served in a good café in Woodville, South Australia. As traditional, it is served in a glass, and the microfoam is free "},{"file":"Coffee with milk (563800).jpg","src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Coffee_with_milk_%28563800%29.jpg/960px-Coffee_with_milk_%28563800%29.jpg","w":800,"h":1200,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Coffee_with_milk_(563800).jpg","author":"shixugang","license":"CC0","licenseUrl":"http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/deed.en","caption":"Coffee with milk"},{"file":"Latte at Doppio Ristretto Chiang Mai 01.jpg","src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Latte_at_Doppio_Ristretto_Chiang_Mai_01.jpg/960px-Latte_at_Doppio_Ristretto_Chiang_Mai_01.jpg","w":800,"h":1208,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Latte_at_Doppio_Ristretto_Chiang_Mai_01.jpg","author":"Takeaway","license":"CC BY-SA 3.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0","caption":"Latte art at Doppio Ristretto in Chiang Mai. The artist won several championships in Australia and came in 6th at the world championship in 2011. The figure in "}],"coords":null,"flag":"","prod":null,"gbif":null,"wd":{"qid":"Q841774","origin":["Italy"],"parts":["espresso","milk"]},"recipe":null,"inat":null,"cupping":null,"wcr":null},"mocha":{"id":"mocha","type":"drink","curated":true,"name":"Caffè mocha","title":"Caffè mocha","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caff%C3%A8_mocha","desc":"Chocolate-flavored coffee drink","about":["A caffè mocha ( MOK-ə or  MOH-kə), also called a mocaccino or simply mocha, is a chocolate-flavoured variant of caffè latte, commonly served warm or hot in a glass rather than a mug. The name is derived from the city of Mokha in Yemen, which was one of the centres of early coffee trade."],"thumb":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e0/Caff%C3%A8_Mocha_by_Phil.jpg","photos":[{"file":"Caffè Mocha by Phil.jpg","src":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e0/Caff%C3%A8_Mocha_by_Phil.jpg","w":800,"h":814,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Caff%C3%A8_Mocha_by_Phil.jpg","author":"No machine-readable author provided. Evilphil77 assumed (based on copyright clai","license":"CC BY 3.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0","caption":"Caffè Mocha. milk, Arabica Mocha espresso, milk froth, chocolate syrup, various toppings. served with amaretto cookie. made by me. picture made by me."},{"file":"Mocaccino-Coffee.jpg","src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Mocaccino-Coffee.jpg/960px-Mocaccino-Coffee.jpg","w":800,"h":589,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Mocaccino-Coffee.jpg","author":"André Richard Chalmers","license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0","caption":"A mocaccino coffee in New Zealand (Caffè mocha)"},{"file":"Mocha coffee.jpg","src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Mocha_coffee.jpg/960px-Mocha_coffee.jpg","w":800,"h":800,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Mocha_coffee.jpg","author":"Ernst Vikne","license":"CC BY-SA 2.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.0","caption":"View On Black"}],"coords":null,"flag":"","prod":null,"gbif":null,"wd":{"qid":"Q739929","parts":["espresso","milk","chocolate"],"namedAfter":["Mocha"]},"recipe":null,"inat":null,"cupping":null,"wcr":null},"affogato":{"id":"affogato","type":"drink","curated":true,"name":"Affogato","title":"Affogato","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Affogato","desc":"Italian coffee-based dessert","about":["Affogato (), or more fully affogato al caffè (lit. 'drowned in coffee'), is an Italian dessert comprising a scoop of gelato, either fiordilatte (plain milk-flavored) or vanilla, topped with espresso. Some variations add a shot of amaretto, bicerin, Kahlúa, or other liqueur. Another variation with a caramel espresso shot with vanilla ice cream is known as the Afragato."],"thumb":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Vinoteca%2C_Smithfield%2C_London_%284485849609%29.jpg/500px-Vinoteca%2C_Smithfield%2C_London_%284485849609%29.jpg","photos":[{"file":"Vinoteca, Smithfield, London (4485849609).jpg","src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Vinoteca%2C_Smithfield%2C_London_%284485849609%29.jpg/960px-Vinoteca%2C_Smithfield%2C_London_%284485849609%29.jpg","w":800,"h":533,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Vinoteca,_Smithfield,_London_(4485849609).jpg","author":"Ewan Munro from London, UK","license":"CC BY-SA 2.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.0","caption":"An affogato, never fails to make me happy. At Vinoteca, St John Street."}],"coords":null,"flag":"","prod":null,"gbif":null,"wd":{"qid":"Q59059","madeFrom":["gelato","espresso"]},"recipe":{"title":"Cookbook:Affogato","url":"https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Cookbook%3AAffogato","ingredients":["1 scoop gelato, typically vanilla","1–2 shots espresso, or one long pull shot"],"steps":["Either pour espresso over gelato and serve, or serve them side by side for diner to mix at the table."]},"inat":null,"cupping":null,"wcr":null},"kopi":{"id":"kopi","type":"drink","curated":true,"name":"Kopi","title":"Kopi (drink)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kopi_(drink)","desc":"Southeast Asian coffee drink","about":["Kopi (Chinese: 㗝呸/咖啡; Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ko-pi), also known as Nanyang coffee, is a traditional coffee beverage found in several Southeast Asian nations. It is often brewed to be highly caffeinated, and it is commonly served with sugar and/or milk-based condiments. The drink originated during the British Malaya era and has Hainanese cultural roots. Its name is derived from the Malay term for coffee. The term Nanyang, which means \"south sea\" in Mandarin, refers to Southeast Asia. Kopi-culture vocabulary is grounded in the Hokkien language as a result of historical immigration to Southeast Asia from the Minnan region of Fujian Province, in southeastern China. Kopi is usually served in coffee shops, hawker centres, and kopitiams across the region.","In Singapore, kopi is recognized as culturally significant and part of everyday diet and lifestyle. Singapore coffee is distinct from other types due to its roasting process and preparation technique involving a variation of the Torrefacto method. Concerns over the elevation of diabetes cases have caused the creation of government-led nationwide campaigns in Singapore to reduce sugar intake, especially with regard to sweet drinks or drinks that add large amounts of sugar, such as kopi. The significance of kopi in Singapore's culture can be explored in greater detail in the country's kopi museum."],"thumb":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/A_mug_of_Tenom_coffee.jpg/500px-A_mug_of_Tenom_coffee.jpg","photos":[{"file":"A mug of Tenom coffee.jpg","src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/A_mug_of_Tenom_coffee.jpg/960px-A_mug_of_Tenom_coffee.jpg","w":800,"h":600,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:A_mug_of_Tenom_coffee.jpg","author":"Night Lantern","license":"CC BY-SA 3.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0","caption":"A mug of Yit Foh Tenom cream milk coffee."},{"file":"Canephora.jpg","src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Canephora.jpg/960px-Canephora.jpg","w":800,"h":580,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Canephora.jpg","author":"Unknown","license":"CC BY-SA 3.0","licenseUrl":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/","caption":""},{"file":"Hawker Center, Singapore.jpg","src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Hawker_Center%2C_Singapore.jpg/960px-Hawker_Center%2C_Singapore.jpg","w":800,"h":600,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Hawker_Center,_Singapore.jpg","author":"Kagenlim","license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0","caption":"This file shows a typical hawker center in Singapore in the morning"},{"file":"Hot kopi.jpg","src":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5a/Hot_kopi.jpg","w":800,"h":1066,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Hot_kopi.jpg","author":"ReySussy","license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0","caption":"A cup of hot kopi, mixed with both evaporated and condensed milk"},{"file":"Stainless Steel Kopi Pot (1).jpg","src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Stainless_Steel_Kopi_Pot_%281%29.jpg/960px-Stainless_Steel_Kopi_Pot_%281%29.jpg","w":800,"h":1067,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Stainless_Steel_Kopi_Pot_(1).jpg","author":"Unknown","license":"CC BY 4.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0","caption":"The perfect remedy after a long day is – arguably – a humble meal and a complementary cup of kopi/teh in the homespun communal space of a hawker centre. Our haw"},{"file":"Ya Kun Koya toast, eggs and coffee.jpg","src":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/85/Ya_Kun_Koya_toast%2C_eggs_and_coffee.jpg","w":800,"h":600,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Ya_Kun_Koya_toast,_eggs_and_coffee.jpg","author":"Goodiesfirst","license":"CC BY 2.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0","caption":"Toast, eggs and coffee served at Ya Kun Kaya Toast"}],"coords":null,"flag":"","prod":null,"gbif":null,"wd":null,"recipe":null,"inat":null,"cupping":null,"wcr":null},"ca-phe-sua-da":{"id":"ca-phe-sua-da","type":"drink","curated":true,"name":"Vietnamese iced coffee","title":"Vietnamese iced coffee","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vietnamese_iced_coffee","desc":"Coffee with sweetened condensed milk and ice","about":["Vietnamese iced coffee (Southern Vietnamese: cà phê sữa đá, lit. 'iced milk coffee'; Northern Vietnamese: cà phê nâu đá, lit. 'iced brown coffee') is a Vietnamese beverage made by pouring hot water through a traditional metal filter, called a phin, containing dark-roast robusta coffee grounds, into a small cup with sweetened condensed milk already in it. The contents of the cup are then stirred together and poured into a tall glass full of ice."],"thumb":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b7/Viet-coffee.jpg","photos":[{"file":"Viet-coffee.jpg","src":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b7/Viet-coffee.jpg","w":800,"h":778,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Viet-coffee.jpg","author":"Mike Verdone","license":"Public domain","licenseUrl":"","caption":"Vietnamese coffee (Ca Phe Sua Da) ready to be poured over ice."},{"file":"CÀ PHÊ SỮA PHA PHIN.jpg","src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/C%C3%80_PH%C3%8A_S%E1%BB%AEA_PHA_PHIN.jpg/960px-C%C3%80_PH%C3%8A_S%E1%BB%AEA_PHA_PHIN.jpg","w":800,"h":1042,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:C%C3%80_PH%C3%8A_S%E1%BB%AEA_PHA_PHIN.jpg","author":"Souradeep.Dasgupta","license":"CC BY 4.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0","caption":"Vietnamese iced coffee with condensed milk"}],"coords":null,"flag":"","prod":null,"gbif":null,"wd":{"qid":"Q2673042","origin":["Vietnam"]},"recipe":null,"inat":null,"cupping":null,"wcr":null},"irish-coffee":{"id":"irish-coffee","type":"drink","curated":true,"name":"Irish coffee","title":"Irish coffee","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irish_coffee","desc":"Drink containing coffee, whiskey and whipped cream","about":["Irish coffee (Irish: caife Gaelach) is a caffeinated alcoholic drink consisting of Irish whiskey, hot coffee and sugar, which has been stirred and topped with cream (sometimes cream liqueur). The coffee is drunk through the cream."],"thumb":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Gin_and_tonic_with_lemon.jpg/500px-Gin_and_tonic_with_lemon.jpg","photos":[{"file":"Gin and tonic with lemon.jpg","src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Gin_and_tonic_with_lemon.jpg/960px-Gin_and_tonic_with_lemon.jpg","w":800,"h":733,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Gin_and_tonic_with_lemon.jpg","author":"MuseumNext","license":"CC BY-SA 2.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.0","caption":"Gin and tonic with lemon"},{"file":"Irish coffee glass.jpg","src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Irish_coffee_glass.jpg/960px-Irish_coffee_glass.jpg","w":800,"h":1202,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Irish_coffee_glass.jpg","author":"jules / stone soup","license":"CC BY 2.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0","caption":"An Irish coffee."},{"file":"Making of Irish coffee on Coffee Right in Brno, Brno-City District.jpg","src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Making_of_Irish_coffee_on_Coffee_Right_in_Brno%2C_Brno-City_District.jpg/960px-Making_of_Irish_coffee_on_Coffee_Right_in_Brno%2C_Brno-City_District.jpg","w":800,"h":533,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Making_of_Irish_coffee_on_Coffee_Right_in_Brno,_Brno-City_District.jpg","author":"Frettie","license":"CC BY 3.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0","caption":"Making of Irish coffee on Coffee Right in Brno, Czech Republic."},{"file":"Making of Irish coffee on Coffee Right in Brno, Czech Republic.jpg","src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Making_of_Irish_coffee_on_Coffee_Right_in_Brno%2C_Brno-City_District.jpg/960px-Making_of_Irish_coffee_on_Coffee_Right_in_Brno%2C_Brno-City_District.jpg","w":800,"h":533,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Making_of_Irish_coffee_on_Coffee_Right_in_Brno,_Brno-City_District.jpg","author":"Frettie","license":"CC BY 3.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0","caption":"Making of Irish coffee on Coffee Right in Brno, Czech Republic."},{"file":"Preparing Irish Coffee.jpg","src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Preparing_Irish_Coffee.jpg/960px-Preparing_Irish_Coffee.jpg","w":800,"h":1200,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Preparing_Irish_Coffee.jpg","author":"Anke Klitzing","license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0","caption":"Preparing Irish coffee by running cream over a spoon into the glass"}],"coords":null,"flag":"","prod":null,"gbif":null,"wd":{"qid":"Q622954","madeFrom":["Irish whiskey","coffee","cream","brown sugar","Irish coffee glass"]},"recipe":null,"inat":null,"cupping":null,"wcr":null},"benguet-coffee":{"id":"benguet-coffee","type":"variety","curated":false,"name":"Benguet coffee","title":"Benguet coffee","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benguet_coffee","desc":"Variety of coffee plant","about":["Benguet coffee, also known as Benguet arabica, is a single-origin coffee varietal grown in the Cordillera highlands of the northern Philippines since the 19th century. It belongs to the species Coffea arabica, of the Typica variety. It is one of the main crops of farmers in the province of Benguet, which has a climate highly suitable for arabica cultivation. Benguet coffee is listed in the Ark of Taste international catalogue of endangered heritage foods by the Slow Food movement."],"thumb":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/88/Philippine_Food.jpg","photos":[{"file":"Philippine Food.jpg","src":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/88/Philippine_Food.jpg","w":800,"h":360,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Philippine_Food.jpg","author":"Philippine Department of Tourism","license":"Public domain","licenseUrl":"","caption":"Philippine Food"}],"coords":null,"flag":"","prod":null,"gbif":null,"wd":null,"recipe":null,"inat":null,"cupping":null,"wcr":null},"doi-tung-coffee":{"id":"doi-tung-coffee","type":"variety","curated":false,"name":"Doi Tung coffee","title":"Doi Tung coffee","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doi_Tung_coffee","desc":"Thai coffee variety","about":["Doi Tung Coffee is a varietal of Coffea arabica grown in northern Thailand."],"thumb":"","photos":[],"coords":null,"flag":"","prod":null,"gbif":null,"wd":null,"recipe":null,"inat":null,"cupping":null,"wcr":null},"guadeloupe-bonifieur":{"id":"guadeloupe-bonifieur","type":"variety","curated":false,"name":"Guadeloupe Bonifieur","title":"Guadeloupe Bonifieur","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guadeloupe_Bonifieur","desc":"Variety of coffee plant","about":["The Guadeloupe Bonifieur is a variety of coffee grown in Guadeloupe. Guadeloupe Bonifieur is the ancestor of Jamaican Blue Mountain Coffee and is very rare. The fresh air, high altitude, and abundance of rain create ideal conditions for growing this Arabica variety. The variety is called Guadeloupe Bonifieur because of its high quality and great taste, and because, in the past, it was used to enhance lower quality blends. Connoisseurs  consider it one of the best coffees in the world, even though it is only available from a few distributors."],"thumb":"","photos":[],"coords":null,"flag":"","prod":null,"gbif":null,"wd":null,"recipe":null,"inat":null,"cupping":null,"wcr":null},"jamaican-blue-mountain-coffee":{"id":"jamaican-blue-mountain-coffee","type":"variety","curated":false,"name":"Jamaican Blue Mountain Coffee","title":"Jamaican Blue Mountain Coffee","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamaican_Blue_Mountain_Coffee","desc":"Classification of coffee grown in the Blue Mountains of Jamaica","about":["Jamaican Blue Mountain Coffee or Jamaica Blue Mountain Coffee is a classification of coffee grown in the Blue Mountains of Jamaica. The coffee was introduced to Jamaica in 1728.","Jamaican Blue Mountain Coffee is an Arabica coffee-bean variety called Typica, which originated in southwestern Ethiopia.","The best lots of Blue Mountain coffee are noted for their mild flavour and lack of bitterness. Over the past few decades, this coffee has developed a reputation that has made it one of the world's most expensive and sought-after coffees. Over 80% of all Jamaican Blue Mountain Coffee is exported to Japan. In addition to their use for brewed coffee, the beans are the flavour base of Tia Maria coffee liqueur.","Jamaican Blue Mountain Coffee is a globally protected certification mark, meaning only coffee certified by the Jamaica Commodities Regulatory Authority (previously the Coffee Industry Board of Jamaica) can be labelled as such. It comes from a recognised growing region in the Blue Mountain region of Jamaica, and the Coffee Industry Board of Jamaica monitors its cultivation.","Generally located between Kingston to the south and Port Antonio to the north, the Blue Mountains are some of the highest mountains in the Caribbean, rising to 2,256 metres (7,402 ft). The region's climate is cool and misty with high rainfall, and the soil is rich with excellent drainage, conditions considered ideal for coffee cultivation."],"thumb":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Coffee_is_roasted_in_a_cast_iron_skillet_at_James_Dennis%27_Coffee_in_Section%2C_Portland_Parish%2C_Jamaica._Food_is_being_cooked_alongside_the_coffee.jpg/500px-Coffee_is_roasted_in_a_cast_iron_skillet_at_James_Dennis%27_Coffee_in_Section%2C_Portland_Parish%2C_Jamaica._Food_is_being_cooked_alongside_the_coffee.jpg","photos":[{"file":"Coffee is roasted in a cast iron skillet at James Dennis' Coffee in Section, Portland Parish, Jamaica. Food is being cooked alongside the coffee.jpg","src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Coffee_is_roasted_in_a_cast_iron_skillet_at_James_Dennis%27_Coffee_in_Section%2C_Portland_Parish%2C_Jamaica._Food_is_being_cooked_alongside_the_coffee.jpg/960px-Coffee_is_roasted_in_a_cast_iron_skillet_at_James_Dennis%27_Coffee_in_Section%2C_Portland_Parish%2C_Jamaica._Food_is_being_cooked_alongside_the_coffee.jpg","w":800,"h":533,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Coffee_is_roasted_in_a_cast_iron_skillet_at_James_Dennis%27_Coffee_in_Section,_Portland_Parish,_Jamaica._Food_is_being_cooked_alongside_the_coffee.jpg","author":"Matthew.kowal","license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0","caption":"Coffee is roasted in a cast iron skillet at James Dennis' Coffee in Section, Portland Parish, Jamaica. Food is being cooked alongside the coffee."},{"file":"Jamaica Blue Mountain Coffee in a packet.jpg","src":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/ba/Jamaica_Blue_Mountain_Coffee_in_a_packet.jpg","w":800,"h":1067,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Jamaica_Blue_Mountain_Coffee_in_a_packet.jpg","author":"Jamaica Coffee","license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0","caption":"I took this picture on my camera of coffee I bought which was genuine Jamaica Blue Mountain Coffee"}],"coords":null,"flag":"","prod":null,"gbif":null,"wd":{"qid":"Q885800","namedAfter":["Blue Mountains"]},"recipe":null,"inat":null,"cupping":null,"wcr":null},"kahawa-sug":{"id":"kahawa-sug","type":"variety","curated":false,"name":"Kahawa Sug","title":"Kahawa Sug","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kahawa_Sug","desc":"Variety of Philippine coffee plant","about":["Kahawa Sūg, also known as Sulu coffee or Sulu robusta, is a single-origin coffee varietal grown by the Tausug people of the Sulu Archipelago, Philippines. It is a robusta cultivar, belonging to the species Coffea canephora. It originates from robusta plants introduced to Sulu in the 1860s. It is an important part of traditional Tausug culture. It is mostly consumed locally, though it has started being exported more widely in recent years. It is currently endangered by the introduction of modern higher yield coffee varieties."],"thumb":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/88/Philippine_Food.jpg","photos":[{"file":"Philippine Food.jpg","src":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/88/Philippine_Food.jpg","w":800,"h":360,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Philippine_Food.jpg","author":"Philippine Department of Tourism","license":"Public domain","licenseUrl":"","caption":"Philippine Food"}],"coords":null,"flag":"","prod":null,"gbif":null,"wd":{"qid":"Q60764236","origin":["Sultanate of Sulu"]},"recipe":null,"inat":null,"cupping":null,"wcr":null},"kapeng-barako":{"id":"kapeng-barako","type":"variety","curated":false,"name":"Kapeng barako","title":"Kapeng barako","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kapeng_barako","desc":"Variety of Philippine coffee plant","about":["Kapeng barako (Spanish: café varraco or café verraco), also known as Barako coffee or Batangas coffee, is a coffee varietal grown in the Philippines, particularly in the provinces of Batangas and Cavite. It belongs to the species Coffea liberica. The term is also used to refer to all coffee coming from those provinces. Barako in the languages of the Philippines means \"stud\" and is associated with the image of masculinity. Barako has a strong flavor and fragrance reminiscent of aniseed.","Barako trees are some of the largest commercially cultivated coffee trees, which make them more difficult to grow. They are considered endangered due to low production and demand. It is listed in the Ark of Taste international catalogue of endangered heritage foods by the Slow Food movement."],"thumb":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/ac/Liberica_coffee_beans%2C_roasted.jpg","photos":[{"file":"Liberica coffee beans, roasted.jpg","src":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/ac/Liberica_coffee_beans%2C_roasted.jpg","w":800,"h":764,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Liberica_coffee_beans,_roasted.jpg","author":"HaztechGuy","license":"CC BY 3.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0","caption":"This picture shows distinctive shape variations of Liberica coffee beans. These are coffee beans from Mindora, an island in the Phillipines near Luzon. Liberica"},{"file":"Moon Garden (Tagaytay) Kapeng Barako.jpg","src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Moon_Garden_%28Tagaytay%29_Kapeng_Barako.jpg/960px-Moon_Garden_%28Tagaytay%29_Kapeng_Barako.jpg","w":800,"h":600,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Moon_Garden_(Tagaytay)_Kapeng_Barako.jpg","author":"Yvette Tan","license":"CC BY 2.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0","caption":"Moon Garden (Tagaytay) Kapeng Barako"},{"file":"Philippine Food.jpg","src":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/88/Philippine_Food.jpg","w":800,"h":360,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Philippine_Food.jpg","author":"Philippine Department of Tourism","license":"Public domain","licenseUrl":"","caption":"Philippine Food"}],"coords":null,"flag":"","prod":null,"gbif":null,"wd":null,"recipe":null,"inat":null,"cupping":null,"wcr":null},"kona-coffee":{"id":"kona-coffee","type":"variety","curated":false,"name":"Kona coffee","title":"Kona coffee","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kona_coffee","desc":"Market name for Hawaiian coffee brand","about":["Kona coffee is the market name for coffee (Coffea arabica) cultivated on the slopes of Hualalai and Mauna Loa in the North and South Kona Districts of the Big Island of Hawaii. It is one of the most expensive coffees in the world. Only coffee from the Kona Districts can be described as \"Kona.\" The weather of sunny mornings, clouds or rain in the afternoon, little wind, and mild nights combined with porous, mineral-rich volcanic soil create favorable coffee-growing conditions. The loanword for coffee in the Hawaiian language is kope, pronounced [ˈkope]."],"thumb":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Kona_Coffee_Living_History_Farm_mill.jpg/500px-Kona_Coffee_Living_History_Farm_mill.jpg","photos":[{"file":"Kona Coffee Living History Farm mill.jpg","src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Kona_Coffee_Living_History_Farm_mill.jpg/960px-Kona_Coffee_Living_History_Farm_mill.jpg","w":800,"h":591,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Kona_Coffee_Living_History_Farm_mill.jpg","author":"Kona Historical Society","license":"CC BY-SA 3.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0","caption":"The coffee mill — at the Kona Coffee Living History Farm. Of the Kona Historical Society — Kealakekua (Captain Cook), Kona district, on the Big Island of Hawaiʻ"},{"file":"Kona Coffee fruits(2).jpg","src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Kona_Coffee_fruits%282%29.jpg/960px-Kona_Coffee_fruits%282%29.jpg","w":800,"h":533,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Kona_Coffee_fruits(2).jpg","author":"Ekrem Canli","license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0","caption":"Coffee fruits at Kona Coffee Living History Farm"},{"file":"Samuel Ruggles.jpg","src":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/25/Samuel_Ruggles.jpg","w":800,"h":1083,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Samuel_Ruggles.jpg","author":"Published by the Hawaiian Mission Children's Society","license":"Public domain","licenseUrl":"","caption":"Samuel Ruggles (1795-1871) was in the first Protestant missionary company to Hawaii in 1820. He first served in Honolulu, then Waimea Kauai 1820-8122, Hilo 1822"}],"coords":null,"flag":"","prod":null,"gbif":null,"wd":null,"recipe":null,"inat":null,"cupping":null,"wcr":null},"maracaturra-coffee":{"id":"maracaturra-coffee","type":"variety","curated":false,"name":"Maracaturra coffee","title":"Maracaturra coffee","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maracaturra_coffee","desc":"Variety of coffee plant","about":["Maracaturra is a high yielding Brazilian hybrid of Maragogype and Caturra. It is believed to have naturally occurred in the late 1800s and is mainly found in Brazil, El Salvador, and Nicaragua. They have large sized beans and leaves. Its Caturra lineage contributes to the coffee's taste and its high yield. It has short stature and abundant foliage, making it resistant to wind damage.","This variety is susceptible to coffee leaf rust and hence demands a high level of maintenance. Its flavor profile includes tropical fruits and bright acidity. It is cultivated in areas which are 1400 to 1600 meters above sea level.","The variety came fifth in the Cup of Excellence 2015."],"thumb":"","photos":[],"coords":null,"flag":"","prod":null,"gbif":null,"wd":null,"recipe":null,"inat":null,"cupping":null,"wcr":null},"mocha-coffee-bean":{"id":"mocha-coffee-bean","type":"variety","curated":false,"name":"Mocha coffee bean","title":"Mocha coffee bean","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mocha_coffee_bean","desc":"Type of coffee bean","about":["The Mocha coffee bean is a variety of coffee bean originally from Yemen. It is harvested from the coffee-plant species Coffea arabica, which is native to Yemen. Mocha coffee beans are very small, hard, have an irregular round shape, and are olive green to pale yellow in color.","The name \"Mocha\" comes from the port of Mokha (also known as Mocha; al-Mukhā) through which most Yemeni coffee was exported before the 20th century. As of 1911, the export market had mostly moved to Aden and Hodeidah. The current central market for Yemeni coffee is at Bayt al-Faqih, about 140 km north of Mocha. This coffee is grown in the mountain districts of Jabal Haraz, Al Udayn district (also known as Uden), and Taiz, to the east."],"thumb":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Moka_arabika_Pj_DSC_1532.jpg/500px-Moka_arabika_Pj_DSC_1532.jpg","photos":[{"file":"Moka arabika Pj DSC 1532.jpg","src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Moka_arabika_Pj_DSC_1532.jpg/960px-Moka_arabika_Pj_DSC_1532.jpg","w":800,"h":618,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Moka_arabika_Pj_DSC_1532.jpg","author":"Kembangraps","license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0","caption":"A specimen of Mocha coffee plant, collection of ICCRI, Indonesia, grown at Andungsari garden, Bondowoso, East Java."}],"coords":null,"flag":"","prod":null,"gbif":null,"wd":null,"recipe":null,"inat":null,"cupping":null,"wcr":null},"molokai-coffee":{"id":"molokai-coffee","type":"variety","curated":false,"name":"Molokai coffee","title":"Molokai coffee","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molokai_coffee","desc":"Coffee grown on Moloka'i, Hawai'i","about":["Moloka‘i coffee refers to a legally protected, geographical indication of coffee grown on the island of Molokai in Maui County, Hawai‘i, and processed to specific, legally defined standards. Similar to Kona coffee, Molokai coffee is a market name for a product of specific origin and of a defined quality. Requirements for Moloka‘i coffee not only dictate the origin and quality, but also label design and placement on product package.","Hawaii is one of the few U.S. states where coffee production is a significant economic industry; coffee is the second largest crop produced there. The 2019–2020 coffee harvest in Hawai‘i was valued at $102.91million."],"thumb":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Kualapuu.jpg/500px-Kualapuu.jpg","photos":[{"file":"Kualapuu.jpg","src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Kualapuu.jpg/960px-Kualapuu.jpg","w":800,"h":439,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Kualapuu.jpg","author":"Sanba38 at English Wikipedia","license":"CC BY-SA 3.0","licenseUrl":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/","caption":"An oblique aerial photo showing the village of Kualapuu, coffee fields with Norfolk pine windbreaks, the 1.4 billion gallon Kualapuu Reservoir, and the cinder c"}],"coords":null,"flag":"","prod":null,"gbif":null,"wd":null,"recipe":null,"inat":null,"cupping":null,"wcr":null},"s795-coffee":{"id":"s795-coffee","type":"variety","curated":false,"name":"S795 coffee","title":"S795 coffee","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S795_coffee","desc":"Variety of coffee plant","about":["S795 (Selection-795) is a coffee cultivar important for being one of the first strains of C. arabica found to be resistant to coffee leaf rust (CLR).","It is a selection of the Balehonnur Coffee Research Station in India, and it was generated by R.L. Narasimhaswamy by cross-breeding C. arabica and C. liberica known as S288 and the Kent variety, a hybrid of Typica and an unknown other type.  Both S288 and Kent are resistant to many rust races, and the Kent variety is a high-yielding tree.  The resultant S795 cultivar exhibits rust resistance, high yield, and a good cup profile, making it a desirable cultivar for producers.","S795 is widely planted in India and Indonesia.  It represents 25-30% of the acreage of arabica coffee in India."],"thumb":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/S795_Branch.png/500px-S795_Branch.png","photos":[{"file":"S795 Branch.png","src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/S795_Branch.png/960px-S795_Branch.png","w":800,"h":1067,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:S795_Branch.png","author":"Michael.C.Wright","license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0","caption":"A branch of S795 coffee shrub with well developing nodes."}],"coords":null,"flag":"","prod":null,"gbif":null,"wd":{"qid":"Q23936161","origin":["India"]},"recipe":null,"inat":null,"cupping":null,"wcr":null},"sagada-coffee":{"id":"sagada-coffee","type":"variety","curated":false,"name":"Sagada coffee","title":"Sagada coffee","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sagada_coffee","desc":"Variety of Philippine coffee plant","about":["Sagada coffee, also known as Sagada arabica, is a single-origin coffee varietal grown in Sagada in the Cordillera highlands of the northern Philippines. It belongs to the species Coffea arabica, of the Typica variety."],"thumb":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/11/Sagada_Coffee_Beans.jpg","photos":[{"file":"Philippine Food.jpg","src":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/88/Philippine_Food.jpg","w":800,"h":360,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Philippine_Food.jpg","author":"Philippine Department of Tourism","license":"Public domain","licenseUrl":"","caption":"Philippine Food"},{"file":"Sagada Coffee Beans.jpg","src":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/11/Sagada_Coffee_Beans.jpg","w":800,"h":1067,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Sagada_Coffee_Beans.jpg","author":"Diwadiwata","license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0","caption":"Coffee beans from Sagada"}],"coords":null,"flag":"","prod":null,"gbif":null,"wd":null,"recipe":null,"inat":null,"cupping":null,"wcr":null},"starmaya-coffee":{"id":"starmaya-coffee","type":"variety","curated":false,"name":"Starmaya coffee","title":"Starmaya coffee","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Starmaya_coffee","desc":"First F1 Hybrid coffee tree propagated by seeds","about":["Starmaya is an F1 hybrid coffee tree that can be propagated by seed rather than through somatic embryogenesis (SE). It was propagated from a parent plant that is male-sterile. This facilitates controlled pollination because breeders do not have to manually castrate each individual flower of the autogamous coffee tree.","The Starmaya tree was found to have a high fruit yield potential, resistance to coffee leaf rust, and the potential (when grown at higher altitudes) to produce a beverage of very good quality. It was also found to be effectively propagated in a seed garden. Starmaya is the first F1 hybrid coffee tree effectively propagated by seed garden, proving a cheaper and easier method of F1 hybrid propagation than the more expensive and technically difficult SE method.","Starmaya coffee is being registered for intellectual property rights protection through the International Union for the Protection of New Varieties of Plants (UPOV)."],"thumb":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Coffee_Flowers.JPG/500px-Coffee_Flowers.JPG","photos":[{"file":"Coffee Flowers.JPG","src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Coffee_Flowers.JPG/960px-Coffee_Flowers.JPG","w":800,"h":600,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Coffee_Flowers.JPG","author":"Marcelo Corrêa","license":"CC BY-SA 3.0","licenseUrl":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/","caption":"Coffee Flowers in Plantation of Brazil"}],"coords":null,"flag":"","prod":null,"gbif":null,"wd":null,"recipe":null,"inat":null,"cupping":null,"wcr":null},"beaten-coffee":{"id":"beaten-coffee","type":"drink","curated":false,"name":"Beaten coffee","title":"Beaten coffee","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beaten_coffee","desc":"Indian coffee beverage","about":["Beaten coffee or phenti hui coffee or phitti hui coffee (transl. stirred coffee) is an Indian home-style coffee beverage made mostly with instant coffee and sugar. It is known as 'beaten' as the process involves beating the coffee and sugar together with a spoon to aerate into a light brown fluffy paste-like substance. It is generally served with warm milk, which creates a thick froth on the top. Another popular way of serving it is by pouring the paste on top of a cup of warm or cold milk.","Beaten coffee can be prepared without any special machines or coffee mixes. Coffee is beaten with milk, hot water, and sugar, incorporating air into the paste until frothy. As milk is added, the coffee is further dissolved and air is released creating a creamy texture."],"thumb":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Rajasthanthali.jpg/500px-Rajasthanthali.jpg","photos":[{"file":"Rajasthanthali.jpg","src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Rajasthanthali.jpg/960px-Rajasthanthali.jpg","w":800,"h":590,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Rajasthanthali.jpg","author":"Raveesh","license":"CC BY-SA 2.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.0","caption":"Thali"}],"coords":null,"flag":"","prod":null,"gbif":null,"wd":null,"recipe":null,"inat":null,"cupping":null,"wcr":null},"bica":{"id":"bica","type":"drink","curated":false,"name":"Bica","title":"Bica (coffee)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bica_(coffee)","desc":"Style of coffee common in Portugal","about":["Bica is the term commonly used in certain areas of Portugal for a café ('coffee' in Portuguese) that is similar to espresso, but extracted to a greater volume than its Italian counterpart (akin to a lungo in Italy) and a little bit smoother in taste, due to the Portuguese roasting process being slightly lighter than the Italian one.","In almost all regions in Portugal, it is simply called um café ('a coffee' in Portuguese) and always served in a demitasse cup.","The name bica originates from the way the coffee flows, falling from the espresso machine to the cup on the tray, an analogy with a water spring or fountain; both can also be called bica in Portuguese."],"thumb":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/72/Brasileira_1911.jpg","photos":[{"file":"Brasileira 1911.jpg","src":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/72/Brasileira_1911.jpg","w":800,"h":573,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Brasileira_1911.jpg","author":"Joshua Benoliel","license":"Public domain","licenseUrl":"","caption":""},{"file":"Café Delta.jpg","src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Caf%C3%A9_Delta.jpg/960px-Caf%C3%A9_Delta.jpg","w":800,"h":600,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Caf%C3%A9_Delta.jpg","author":"{{{1}}}","license":"CC BY 2.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0","caption":"A Delta Cafés (Nabeiro Group) coffee."}],"coords":null,"flag":"","prod":null,"gbif":null,"wd":{"qid":"Q856712","origin":["Portugal"]},"recipe":null,"inat":null,"cupping":null,"wcr":null},"bicerin":{"id":"bicerin","type":"drink","curated":false,"name":"Bicerin","title":"Bicerin","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bicerin","desc":"Drink made with espresso coffee, drinking chocolate and milk","about":["Bicerin (Piedmontese: [bitʃeˈriŋ]) is a traditional hot drink native to Turin, Italy, made with espresso, ganache (a type of thick hot chocolate), and frothed milk, served layered in a small glass."],"thumb":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/2016_1128_Turin_Bicerin_02.jpg/500px-2016_1128_Turin_Bicerin_02.jpg","photos":[{"file":"2016 1128 Turin Bicerin 02.jpg","src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/2016_1128_Turin_Bicerin_02.jpg/960px-2016_1128_Turin_Bicerin_02.jpg","w":800,"h":1067,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:2016_1128_Turin_Bicerin_02.jpg","author":"Takeaway","license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0","caption":"A variant of \"Bicerin\": a hot drink made with chocolate, espresso, and whipped cream; from Turin."},{"file":"3261TorinoBicerin.jpg","src":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a1/3261TorinoBicerin.jpg","w":800,"h":600,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:3261TorinoBicerin.jpg","author":"Geobia","license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0","caption":"Torino - Bar al Bicerin"},{"file":"Drinking can ring-pull tab.jpg","src":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/ff/Drinking_can_ring-pull_tab.jpg","w":800,"h":532,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Drinking_can_ring-pull_tab.jpg","author":"Marcos André","license":"CC BY 2.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0","caption":"The ring-pull tab on an aluminium drinking can."},{"file":"Deus Pizza.png","src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Deus_Pizza.png/960px-Deus_Pizza.png","w":800,"h":800,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Deus_Pizza.png","author":"Bruce The Deus","license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0","caption":"part of a set of icons about food made in Bruce The Deus style"}],"coords":null,"flag":"","prod":null,"gbif":null,"wd":{"qid":"Q83539","origin":["Italy"],"parts":["espresso","hot chocolate","milk"]},"recipe":null,"inat":null,"cupping":null,"wcr":null},"black-russian":{"id":"black-russian","type":"drink","curated":false,"name":"Black Russian","title":"Black Russian","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_Russian","desc":"Cocktail of vodka and coffee liqueur","about":["The Black Russian is a cocktail of vodka and coffee liqueur. It contains 50 ml vodka and 20 ml coffee liqueur, per IBA specified ingredients.","The drink is made by pouring the vodka and coffee liqueur over ice cubes or cracked ice in an old-fashioned glass and stirring. The Black Russian is often garnished with a lemon slice and a Luxardo maraschino cherry on a stick."],"thumb":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Black_Russian.jpg/500px-Black_Russian.jpg","photos":[{"file":"Black Russian.jpg","src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Black_Russian.jpg/960px-Black_Russian.jpg","w":800,"h":800,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Black_Russian.jpg","author":"Will Shenton","license":"CC BY-SA 3.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0","caption":"A Black Russian cocktail"},{"file":"Flessen drank.jpg","src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Flessen_drank.jpg/960px-Flessen_drank.jpg","w":800,"h":523,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Flessen_drank.jpg","author":"Ziko","license":"CC BY-SA 3.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0","caption":"Bottles with liquor. DRU Ulft."},{"file":"Gin and tonic with lemon.jpg","src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Gin_and_tonic_with_lemon.jpg/960px-Gin_and_tonic_with_lemon.jpg","w":800,"h":733,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Gin_and_tonic_with_lemon.jpg","author":"MuseumNext","license":"CC BY-SA 2.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.0","caption":"Gin and tonic with lemon"}],"coords":null,"flag":"","prod":null,"gbif":null,"wd":{"qid":"Q1071506","origin":["Belgium"],"madeFrom":["vodka","coffee liqueur","ice cube"],"since":"1949"},"recipe":null,"inat":null,"cupping":null,"wcr":null},"net-filter-coffee":{"id":"net-filter-coffee","type":"drink","curated":false,"name":"Net-filter coffee","title":"Net-filter coffee","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Net-filter_coffee","desc":"Traditional cloth-filter coffee brewing method in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam","about":["Cà phê vợt (cà phê vợt; also known as net-filter coffee) is a traditional method of brewing coffee in southern Vietnam, associated with cafes in alleys and market-adjacent stalls in Ho Chi Minh City (formerly Saigon). It uses a reusable cloth filter suspended in a metal ring to steep and strain ground coffee into a pot, producing coffee that is brewed in batches and kept warm for pour-out service.","Net-filter coffee differs from Vietnamese drip coffee made with a metal phin, which is brewed per cup rather than held in a serving pot. The method is linked with long-running small cafes and \"old Saigon\" coffee culture, including venues that keep kettles and/or brewed coffee warm over a stove during service."],"thumb":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Making_net-filter_coffee_at_Cheo_Leo_Caf%C3%A9%2C_Ho_Chi_Minh_City.jpg/500px-Making_net-filter_coffee_at_Cheo_Leo_Caf%C3%A9%2C_Ho_Chi_Minh_City.jpg","photos":[{"file":"Making net-filter coffee at Cheo Leo Café, Ho Chi Minh City.jpg","src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Making_net-filter_coffee_at_Cheo_Leo_Caf%C3%A9%2C_Ho_Chi_Minh_City.jpg/960px-Making_net-filter_coffee_at_Cheo_Leo_Caf%C3%A9%2C_Ho_Chi_Minh_City.jpg","w":800,"h":867,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Making_net-filter_coffee_at_Cheo_Leo_Caf%C3%A9,_Ho_Chi_Minh_City.jpg","author":"Trương Minh Khải","license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0","caption":"Making net-filter coffee at Cheo Leo Café shop, Nguyen Thien Thuat street, district 3, Ho Chi Minh city"},{"file":"Net-filter coffee in Cheo Leo Café, Ho Chi Minh City.jpg","src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Net-filter_coffee_in_Cheo_Leo_Caf%C3%A9%2C_Ho_Chi_Minh_City.jpg/960px-Net-filter_coffee_in_Cheo_Leo_Caf%C3%A9%2C_Ho_Chi_Minh_City.jpg","w":800,"h":1147,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Net-filter_coffee_in_Cheo_Leo_Caf%C3%A9,_Ho_Chi_Minh_City.jpg","author":"Trương Minh Khải","license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0","caption":"Coffee net-filter at Cheo Leo Café shop, Nguyen Thien Thuat street, district 3, Ho Chi Minh city"},{"file":"Pouring water to make net-filter coffee at Cheo Leo Café, Ho Chi Minh city.jpg","src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Pouring_water_to_make_net-filter_coffee_at_Cheo_Leo_Caf%C3%A9%2C_Ho_Chi_Minh_city.jpg/960px-Pouring_water_to_make_net-filter_coffee_at_Cheo_Leo_Caf%C3%A9%2C_Ho_Chi_Minh_city.jpg","w":800,"h":1067,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Pouring_water_to_make_net-filter_coffee_at_Cheo_Leo_Caf%C3%A9,_Ho_Chi_Minh_city.jpg","author":"Trương Minh Khải","license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0","caption":"Pouring water to make net-filter coffee at Cheo Leo Café shop, Nguyen Thien Thuat street, district 3, Ho Chi Minh city"}],"coords":null,"flag":"","prod":null,"gbif":null,"wd":null,"recipe":null,"inat":null,"cupping":null,"wcr":null},"cafe-au-lait":{"id":"cafe-au-lait","type":"drink","curated":false,"name":"Café au lait","title":"Café au lait","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caf%C3%A9_au_lait","desc":"Drink made with coffee and hot milk","about":["Café au lait ( ; French: [kafe o lɛ]; French 'coffee with milk') is coffee with hot milk added. It differs from white coffee, which is coffee with cold milk or other whiteners added.","In France, it is typically served as a breakfast drink, often as a large portion in a handleless bowl."],"thumb":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Cafe_au_Lait_and_Beignets_New_Orleans.jpg/500px-Cafe_au_Lait_and_Beignets_New_Orleans.jpg","photos":[{"file":"Cafe au Lait and Beignets New Orleans.jpg","src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Cafe_au_Lait_and_Beignets_New_Orleans.jpg/960px-Cafe_au_Lait_and_Beignets_New_Orleans.jpg","w":800,"h":600,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Cafe_au_Lait_and_Beignets_New_Orleans.jpg","author":"Ed Johnson","license":"CC BY 2.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0","caption":"Cafe au Lait and Begniets at Cafe du Monde, New Orleans"},{"file":"Café au lait.jpg","src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Caf%C3%A9_au_lait.jpg/960px-Caf%C3%A9_au_lait.jpg","w":800,"h":600,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Caf%C3%A9_au_lait.jpg","author":"Tim Boyd from Brooklyn","license":"CC BY 2.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0","caption":"Café au laitCoffee"}],"coords":null,"flag":"","prod":null,"gbif":null,"wd":{"qid":"Q259109","origin":["France"],"madeFrom":["coffee","milk"]},"recipe":null,"inat":null,"cupping":null,"wcr":null},"cafe-con-leche":{"id":"cafe-con-leche","type":"drink","curated":false,"name":"Café con leche","title":"Café con leche","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caf%C3%A9_con_leche","desc":"Spanish drink made with coffee and hot milk","about":["Café con leche (Spanish for 'coffee with milk') is a coffee beverage common throughout Spain and Latin America consisting of strong coffee (usually espresso) mixed with scalded milk in approximately equal amounts. The amount of milk can be higher in a café con leche en vaso or a café con leche de desayuno. Cuban and Puerto Rican establishments often prepare the drink with sugar. Sugar or sweetener is added to taste. It is similar to the Italian caffè latte and the French café au lait."],"thumb":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Caf%C3%A9_con_leche.jpg/500px-Caf%C3%A9_con_leche.jpg","photos":[{"file":"Café con leche.jpg","src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Caf%C3%A9_con_leche.jpg/960px-Caf%C3%A9_con_leche.jpg","w":800,"h":533,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Caf%C3%A9_con_leche.jpg","author":"Mario Sánchez","license":"CC BY-SA 2.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.0","caption":"Un café con leche."},{"file":"Tortilla patatas.jpg","src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Tortilla_patatas.jpg/960px-Tortilla_patatas.jpg","w":800,"h":600,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Tortilla_patatas.jpg","author":"Unknown","license":"CC BY-SA 2.5","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.5","caption":""},{"file":"Cup of milk coffee.png","src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Cup_of_milk_coffee.png/960px-Cup_of_milk_coffee.png","w":800,"h":640,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Cup_of_milk_coffee.png","author":"User:Đậu tương","license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0","caption":"Another versiono of [File:Coffee milk.jpg], background removed."}],"coords":null,"flag":"","prod":null,"gbif":null,"wd":{"qid":"Q1061720","origin":["Spain"],"parts":["coffee","milk"]},"recipe":null,"inat":null,"cupping":null,"wcr":null},"cafe-de-olla":{"id":"cafe-de-olla","type":"drink","curated":false,"name":"Café de olla","title":"Café de olla","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caf%C3%A9_de_olla","desc":"Mexican coffee drink","about":["Café de olla (lit. 'pot coffee') is a traditional Mexican coffee beverage.  To prepare café de olla, it is essential to use a traditional earthen clay pot, as this gives a special flavor to the coffee.  This type of coffee is principally consumed in cold climates and in rural areas.","In Mexico, a basic café de olla is made with ground coffee, cinnamon and piloncillo. Optional ingredients include orange peel, anise and cloves."],"thumb":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Caf%C3%A9_de_olla.jpg/500px-Caf%C3%A9_de_olla.jpg","photos":[{"file":"Café de olla.jpg","src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Caf%C3%A9_de_olla.jpg/960px-Caf%C3%A9_de_olla.jpg","w":800,"h":600,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Caf%C3%A9_de_olla.jpg","author":"Luisalvaz","license":"CC BY-SA 3.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0","caption":"Café de olla"},{"file":"Mexico.Salsa.01.jpg","src":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/be/Salsa_mexicana.jpg","w":800,"h":600,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Salsa_mexicana.jpg","author":"Hajor","license":"CC BY-SA 2.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.0","caption":"Pico de gallo / salsa mexicana"},{"file":"Salsa mexicana.jpg","src":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/be/Salsa_mexicana.jpg","w":800,"h":600,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Salsa_mexicana.jpg","author":"Hajor","license":"CC BY-SA 2.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.0","caption":"Pico de gallo / salsa mexicana"}],"coords":null,"flag":"","prod":null,"gbif":null,"wd":null,"recipe":null,"inat":null,"cupping":null,"wcr":null},"cafe-touba":{"id":"cafe-touba","type":"drink","curated":false,"name":"Café Touba","title":"Café Touba","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caf%C3%A9_Touba","desc":"Coffee drink flavored with grains of Selim","about":["Café Touba is a coffee beverage that is a popular traditional drink from Senegal that is (more recently) also consumed in Guinea-Bissau, and is named for the city of Touba, Senegal.","Café Touba is a coffee drink that is flavored with grains of Selim or Guinea pepper (the dried fruit of the shrub Xylopia aethiopica) (locally known as djar, in the Wolof language) and sometimes cloves. The addition of djar, that is cultivated in  Touba, is the important factor differentiating café Touba from plain coffee. The spices are mixed and roasted with coffee beans, then ground into a powder. The drink is prepared using a filter, in a manner similar to that used to prepare drip coffee."],"thumb":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Caffe_Touba.jpg/500px-Caffe_Touba.jpg","photos":[{"file":"Caffe Touba.jpg","src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Caffe_Touba.jpg/960px-Caffe_Touba.jpg","w":800,"h":1200,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Caffe_Touba.jpg","author":"George D Manta","license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0","caption":"This is an image of \"African people at work\" from"},{"file":"Café Touba. Pouring.jpg","src":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/09/Caf%C3%A9_Touba._Pouring.jpg","w":800,"h":560,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Caf%C3%A9_Touba._Pouring.jpg","author":"EquipeTKN","license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0","caption":"Adept pouring of steaming Café Touba"}],"coords":null,"flag":"","prod":null,"gbif":null,"wd":null,"recipe":null,"inat":null,"cupping":null,"wcr":null},"cafe-tropeiro":{"id":"cafe-tropeiro","type":"drink","curated":false,"name":"Café tropeiro","title":"Café tropeiro","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caf%C3%A9_tropeiro","desc":"Brazilian coffee drink","about":["Café tropeiro, also known as café  carreteiro, café de cambona, café de chaleira, café assustado, or café de campanha, is a Brazilian coffee typical from the tropeiro cuisine, where the coffee powder is added directly to the water and decanted with ember."],"thumb":"","photos":[],"coords":null,"flag":"","prod":null,"gbif":null,"wd":null,"recipe":null,"inat":null,"cupping":null,"wcr":null},"caffe-breve":{"id":"caffe-breve","type":"drink","curated":false,"name":"Milk coffee","title":"Milk coffee","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milk_coffee","desc":"Category of coffee-based drinks","about":["Milk coffee is a category of coffee-based drinks made with milk. Johan Nieuhof, the Dutch ambassador to China, is credited as the first person to drink coffee with milk when he experimented with it around 1660."],"thumb":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/91/Caff%C3%A8_latte_as_being_served_at_Kaffebrenneriet_Torshov%2C_Oslo%2C_Norway_2_600x600_100KB.jpg","photos":[{"file":"Caffè latte as being served at Kaffebrenneriet Torshov, Oslo, Norway 2 600x600 100KB.jpg","src":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/91/Caff%C3%A8_latte_as_being_served_at_Kaffebrenneriet_Torshov%2C_Oslo%2C_Norway_2_600x600_100KB.jpg","w":800,"h":600,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Caff%C3%A8_latte_as_being_served_at_Kaffebrenneriet_Torshov,_Oslo,_Norway_2_600x600_100KB.jpg","author":"Jazzbobrown","license":"Public domain","licenseUrl":"","caption":"Caffè latte as being served in Oslo"},{"file":"Coffee with milk (563800).jpg","src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Coffee_with_milk_%28563800%29.jpg/960px-Coffee_with_milk_%28563800%29.jpg","w":800,"h":1200,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Coffee_with_milk_(563800).jpg","author":"shixugang","license":"CC0","licenseUrl":"http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/deed.en","caption":"Coffee with milk"},{"file":"Es kopi susu kekinian di Yogyakarta, Indonesia.jpg","src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Es_kopi_susu_kekinian_di_Yogyakarta%2C_Indonesia.jpg/960px-Es_kopi_susu_kekinian_di_Yogyakarta%2C_Indonesia.jpg","w":800,"h":1041,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Es_kopi_susu_kekinian_di_Yogyakarta,_Indonesia.jpg","author":"Gunarta","license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0","caption":"Es kopi susu kekinian di Yogyakarta, Indonesia"},{"file":"Wiener Melange 0363wien img 9691.jpg","src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Wiener_Melange_0363wien_img_9691.jpg/960px-Wiener_Melange_0363wien_img_9691.jpg","w":800,"h":1067,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Wiener_Melange_0363wien_img_9691.jpg","author":"Rüdiger Wölk","license":"CC BY-SA 2.0 de","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.0/de/deed.en","caption":"Wiener Melange"},{"file":"Flat White Coffee.png","src":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2d/Flat_White_Coffee.png","w":800,"h":600,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Flat_White_Coffee.png","author":"OceanKiwi at English Wikipedia","license":"CC BY-SA 3.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0","caption":"A cup of flat white coffee."}],"coords":null,"flag":"","prod":null,"gbif":null,"wd":{"qid":"Q10751552","parts":["coffee","milk"]},"recipe":null,"inat":null,"cupping":null,"wcr":null},"caffe-crema":{"id":"caffe-crema","type":"drink","curated":false,"name":"Caffè crema","title":"Caffè crema","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caff%C3%A8_crema","desc":"Coffee drink","about":["Caffè crema (lit. 'cream coffee') may be one of two different coffee drinks:","An old name for espresso (1940s and 1950s).","A long espresso drink served primarily in Germany, Switzerland and Austria and northern Italy (1980s onwards), along the Italian/Swiss and Italian/Austrian border. In Germany it is generally known as a \"Café Crème\" or just \"Kaffee\" and is generally the default type of black coffee served, unless there is a filter machine.","As a colorful term it generally means \"espresso\", while in technical discussions, referring to the long drink, it may more narrowly be referred to as Swiss caffè crema. There is also Italian iced crema di caffè of crema (fredda) al caffè.","Variant terms include crema caffè and the hyperforeignism café crema – café crème. is the direct French translation, but in France it contains dairy. Caffè and crema are Italian; thus café crema mixes French and Italian."],"thumb":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/CremaWithSwirls.jpg/500px-CremaWithSwirls.jpg","photos":[{"file":"CremaWithSwirls.jpg","src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/CremaWithSwirls.jpg/960px-CremaWithSwirls.jpg","w":800,"h":533,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:CremaWithSwirls.jpg","author":"HSwaff","license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0","caption":"Crema floating atop a cup of espresso. Swirls and color variation are clearly visible in the foam."}],"coords":null,"flag":"","prod":null,"gbif":null,"wd":null,"recipe":null,"inat":null,"cupping":null,"wcr":null},"caffe-shakerato":{"id":"caffe-shakerato","type":"drink","curated":false,"name":"Caffè shakerato","title":"Caffè shakerato","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caff%C3%A8_shakerato","desc":"Italian iced espresso drink","about":["A caffè shakerato (kafˈfɛ ʃekeˈraːto, Italian pronunciation: [ʃekeˈraːto], \"shaken coffee\"), commonly shortened to shakerato, is an Italian iced coffee drink prepared by vigorously shaking espresso with ice cubes and simple syrup or sugar in a cocktail shaker, then straining the mixture into a chilled glass. The result is a cold, frothy beverage with a layer of fine foam on top, typically served in a martini glass without ice.","The drink is ubiquitous in Italian cafés and bars during the summer months and is considered the country's characteristic warm-weather espresso preparation. Its name derives from the English verb \"shake\" with the Italian past-participle suffix -ato."],"thumb":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Shakerato_in_a_martini_glass.jpg/500px-Shakerato_in_a_martini_glass.jpg","photos":[{"file":"Shakerato in a martini glass.jpg","src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Shakerato_in_a_martini_glass.jpg/960px-Shakerato_in_a_martini_glass.jpg","w":800,"h":1067,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Shakerato_in_a_martini_glass.jpg","author":"Jdlrobson","license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0","caption":"Shakerato in a martini glass, in Florence, Italy."}],"coords":null,"flag":"","prod":null,"gbif":null,"wd":null,"recipe":null,"inat":null,"cupping":null,"wcr":null},"coffee-cabinet":{"id":"coffee-cabinet","type":"drink","curated":false,"name":"Coffee cabinet","title":"Coffee cabinet","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coffee_cabinet","desc":"Coffee milkshake from Rhode Island","about":["A coffee cabinet is an ice cream-based milkshake popular in Rhode Island consisting of coffee ice cream, coffee syrup, and milk. The ingredients are mixed in a drink blender or milkshake blender.","Among the famous Rhode Island creameries which serve them are Delekta Pharmacy in Warren, and the Original Vanilla Bean in South Kingstown. Newport Creamery, a chain of family restaurants found almost exclusively in Rhode Island, serve a variation of cabinets made with ice milk under the brand name \"Awful Awful\". A cabinet is often referred to elsewhere in New England as a frappe.","The earliest known reference to the Coffee Cabinet was published in The Spatula in 1903:A drink that has become the most popular is \"Coffee Cabinet,\" consisting of coffee syrup, egg, plain cream, ice cream, and shaved ice, thoroughly shaken. The coarse stream of soda is drawn and the drink is strained. This has often been called a meal in itself.","As with downcity, the etymology of this term is unknown. One common, but unsubstantiated, explanation is that the soda jerk or pharmacist kept the coffee syrup in one of the polished wooden cabinets behind the counter. It has also been theorized by some that the name was a variation on a drink known as the Royal Cabinet, an egg cream first popularized in Chicago."],"thumb":"","photos":[],"coords":null,"flag":"","prod":null,"gbif":null,"wd":null,"recipe":null,"inat":null,"cupping":null,"wcr":null},"cortadito":{"id":"cortadito","type":"drink","curated":false,"name":"Cortadito","title":"Cortadito","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cortadito","desc":"Traditional Cuban espresso drink","about":["The cortadito (Spanish pronunciation: [koɾtaˈðito]) is a traditional Cuban espresso-based drink consisting of a shot of sweetened café Cubano \"cut\" with steamed milk, usually in equal parts. The name derives from the Spanish word cortado (\"cut\"), with the diminutive suffix -ito indicating its small size. Some cafés, particularly outside Cuba, prepare cortaditos with evaporated or condensed milk to create a richer, sweeter drink. While this method is increasingly common in American Cuban-style coffee shops, it is not part of the traditional preparation in Cuba.","The drink is a hallmark of Cuban coffee culture in both Cuba and Cuban-American communities such as Miami's Little Havana."],"thumb":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Cortadito.jpg/500px-Cortadito.jpg","photos":[{"file":"Cortadito.jpg","src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Cortadito.jpg/960px-Cortadito.jpg","w":800,"h":1067,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Cortadito.jpg","author":"Mangocity","license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0","caption":"Cortadito, different from the Cortado, is a Cuban drink with cafecito, or sweetened espresso with espumita, and equal or slightly less part milk."},{"file":"Cafecito Cuban Espresso.jpg","src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Cafecito_Cuban_Espresso.jpg/960px-Cafecito_Cuban_Espresso.jpg","w":800,"h":600,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Cafecito_Cuban_Espresso.jpg","author":"Mangocity","license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0","caption":"Cuban espressos, or cafecitos, are served in the typical communal way with mini plastic cups, showing espumita from the sugar."},{"file":"Cortado Spain.jpg","src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Cortado_Spain.jpg/960px-Cortado_Spain.jpg","w":800,"h":1067,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Cortado_Spain.jpg","author":"Mangocity","license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0","caption":"Cortado in the Valencian Community in Spain. While similar, it's a different drink from the Cortadito."}],"coords":null,"flag":"","prod":null,"gbif":null,"wd":null,"recipe":null,"inat":null,"cupping":null,"wcr":null},"cuban-espresso":{"id":"cuban-espresso","type":"drink","curated":false,"name":"Cuban espresso","title":"Cuban espresso","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cuban_espresso","desc":"Drink made with espresso coffee and brown sugar","about":["Cuban espresso, also known as Café Cubano (or Colada, Cuban coffee, cafecito, Cuban pull, and Cuban shot), is a type of espresso that originated in Cuba. Specifically, it refers to an espresso shot which is sweetened (traditionally with natural brown sugar whipped with the first and strongest drops of espresso). However, the name can refer to coffee based drinks that include Cuban espresso as the main ingredient, such as café con leche.","Drinking café cubano remains a prominent social and cultural activity in Cuba and in Cuban-American communities, particularly in Miami, Tampa and the Florida Keys."],"thumb":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Cuban_coffee-_2013-04-05_14-30.jpg/500px-Cuban_coffee-_2013-04-05_14-30.jpg","photos":[{"file":"Cuban coffee- 2013-04-05 14-30.jpg","src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Cuban_coffee-_2013-04-05_14-30.jpg/960px-Cuban_coffee-_2013-04-05_14-30.jpg","w":800,"h":1067,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Cuban_coffee-_2013-04-05_14-30.jpg","author":"User:Colinkb7","license":"CC BY-SA 3.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0","caption":"Cuban coffee"}],"coords":null,"flag":"","prod":null,"gbif":null,"wd":{"qid":"Q4243624","origin":["Cuba"],"parts":["espresso","sugar"]},"recipe":null,"inat":null,"cupping":null,"wcr":null},"dalgona-coffee":{"id":"dalgona-coffee","type":"drink","curated":false,"name":"Dalgona coffee","title":"Dalgona coffee","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dalgona_coffee","desc":"Whipped coffee drink","about":["Dalgona coffee, also known as hand beaten coffee, is a beverage originating from Macau made by whipping equal parts instant coffee powder, sugar, and hot water until it becomes creamy and then adding it to cold or hot milk. Occasionally, it is topped with coffee powder, cocoa, crumbled biscuits, or honey. It was popularized on social media during the COVID-19 pandemic, when people refraining from going out started making videos of whipping the coffee at home, by hand without using electrical mixers. After the drink spread to South Korea, it was renamed \"dalgona coffee\" which is derived from dalgona, a Korean sugar candy, due to the resemblance in taste and appearance, though most dalgona coffee does not actually contain dalgona."],"thumb":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Homemade_Dalgona_Coffee.jpg/500px-Homemade_Dalgona_Coffee.jpg","photos":[{"file":"Homemade Dalgona Coffee.jpg","src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Homemade_Dalgona_Coffee.jpg/960px-Homemade_Dalgona_Coffee.jpg","w":800,"h":1067,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Homemade_Dalgona_Coffee.jpg","author":"Wikieditkid","license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0","caption":"Dalgona Coffee prepared at home"}],"coords":null,"flag":"","prod":null,"gbif":null,"wd":{"qid":"Q89638559","namedAfter":["dalgona"]},"recipe":{"title":"Cookbook:Dalgona Coffee","url":"https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Cookbook%3ADalgona_Coffee","ingredients":["2 tbsp instant coffee","2 tbsp sugar","2 tbsp warm water","Milk","Ice cubes (optional—you can omit if you're using hot milk if you prefer hot coffee)"],"steps":["Put instant coffee and sugar in a bowl.","Gradually add water while whipping with a hand mixer (highly recommended; if not available, manually whisk the mixture up to 400 times).","Pour milk in a cup, add ice cubes, and add the cream on top."]},"inat":null,"cupping":null,"wcr":null},"doppio":{"id":"doppio","type":"drink","curated":false,"name":"Doppio","title":"Doppio","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doppio","desc":"Type of espresso","about":["Doppio espresso (Italian: [ˈdoppjo]) is a double shot which is extracted using double the amount of ground coffee in a larger-sized portafilter basket. This results in 60 ml (2.1 imp fl oz; 2.0 US fl oz) of drink, double the amount of a single shot espresso. Doppio is an Italian multiplier meaning 'double'. It is commonly called a standard double, due to its standard in judging the espresso quality in barista competitions, where four single espressos are made using two double portafilters.","A single shot of espresso, by contrast, is called a solo ('single') and was developed because it was the maximum amount of ground coffee that could practically be extracted by lever espresso machines. At most cafés outside of Italy, a doppio is the standard shot. Because solos require a smaller portafilter basket, solo shots are often produced by making (\"pulling\") a doppio in a two-spout portafilter and only serving one of the streams; the other stream may be discarded or used in another drink.","The caffeine content of a doppio can vary, but typically consists of 58–185 mg of caffeine, often averaging around 150 mg."],"thumb":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Doppio.jpg/500px-Doppio.jpg","photos":[{"file":"Doppio.jpg","src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Doppio.jpg/960px-Doppio.jpg","w":800,"h":536,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Doppio.jpg","author":"Osman Bas","license":"CC BY 2.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0","caption":"Doppio, in espresso, is a double shot, extracted using a double filter basket in the portafilter. This results in a 60ml drink, double the amount of a single sh"}],"coords":null,"flag":"","prod":null,"gbif":null,"wd":null,"recipe":null,"inat":null,"cupping":null,"wcr":null},"egg-coffee":{"id":"egg-coffee","type":"drink","curated":false,"name":"Egg coffee","title":"Egg coffee","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Egg_coffee","desc":"Vietnamese drink","about":["Egg coffee (Vietnamese: Cà phê trứng, (Vietnamese: [kà fe ʈ͡ʂɯ̌ŋ])) is a Vietnamese drink traditionally prepared with egg yolks, sugar, condensed milk and robusta coffee. The drink is made by filtering coffee beans in a phin, and beating egg yolks with sugar and condensed milk over heat to get egg-cream component.","The drink is served in cafes throughout Vietnam, originating in Hanoi. The Giang Café (Vietnamese: Cà Phê Giảng) in Hanoi is known for serving the drink, which it makes with egg yolk, coffee powder, condensed milk, and, optionally, cheese. The cup is sometimes served inside a bowl of hot water or set upon a small candle to retain its temperature. The son of the café's founder Nguyen Giang claims that his father developed the recipe for the drink when milk was scarce in Vietnam in the late 1940s, replacing milk with egg yolk."],"thumb":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/C%C3%80_PH%C3%8A_KEM_TR%E1%BB%A8NG_%28Egg_cream_coffee%29.jpg/500px-C%C3%80_PH%C3%8A_KEM_TR%E1%BB%A8NG_%28Egg_cream_coffee%29.jpg","photos":[{"file":"CÀ PHÊ KEM TRỨNG (Egg cream coffee).jpg","src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/C%C3%80_PH%C3%8A_KEM_TR%E1%BB%A8NG_%28Egg_cream_coffee%29.jpg/960px-C%C3%80_PH%C3%8A_KEM_TR%E1%BB%A8NG_%28Egg_cream_coffee%29.jpg","w":800,"h":1028,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:C%C3%80_PH%C3%8A_KEM_TR%E1%BB%A8NG_(Egg_cream_coffee).jpg","author":"Souradeep.Dasgupta","license":"CC BY 4.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0","caption":"Vietnamese egg cream coffee"},{"file":"Cà phê trứng.jpg","src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/C%C3%A0_ph%C3%AA_tr%E1%BB%A9ng.jpg/960px-C%C3%A0_ph%C3%AA_tr%E1%BB%A9ng.jpg","w":800,"h":534,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:C%C3%A0_ph%C3%AA_tr%E1%BB%A9ng.jpg","author":"travel oriented","license":"CC BY-SA 2.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.0","caption":"Cà phê trứng (egg coffee)"},{"file":"Cà phê trứng Giảng 1 (cơ sở 1 tại Nguyễn Hữu Huân).jpg","src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/C%C3%A0_ph%C3%AA_tr%E1%BB%A9ng_Gi%E1%BA%A3ng_1_%28c%C6%A1_s%E1%BB%9F_1_t%E1%BA%A1i_Nguy%E1%BB%85n_H%E1%BB%AFu_Hu%C3%A2n%29.jpg/960px-C%C3%A0_ph%C3%AA_tr%E1%BB%A9ng_Gi%E1%BA%A3ng_1_%28c%C6%A1_s%E1%BB%9F_1_t%E1%BA%A1i_Nguy%E1%BB%85n_H%E1%BB%AFu_Hu%C3%A2n%29.jpg","w":800,"h":772,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:C%C3%A0_ph%C3%AA_tr%E1%BB%A9ng_Gi%E1%BA%A3ng_1_(c%C6%A1_s%E1%BB%9F_1_t%E1%BA%A1i_Nguy%E1%BB%85n_H%E1%BB%AFu_Hu%C3%A2n).jpg","author":"Phương Huy (thảo luận)","license":"Public domain","licenseUrl":"","caption":"Cà phê trứng Giảng 1 (cơ sở 1 tại Nguyễn Hữu Huân)"},{"file":"Egg Coffee (6923068614).jpg","src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Egg_Coffee_%286923068614%29.jpg/960px-Egg_Coffee_%286923068614%29.jpg","w":800,"h":450,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Egg_Coffee_(6923068614).jpg","author":"David McKelvey from Brisbane, Australia","license":"CC BY 2.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0","caption":"Egg Coffee"},{"file":"Egg coffee at Café Giang.jpg","src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Egg_coffee_at_Caf%C3%A9_Giang.jpg/960px-Egg_coffee_at_Caf%C3%A9_Giang.jpg","w":800,"h":1067,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Egg_coffee_at_Caf%C3%A9_Giang.jpg","author":"Amenoc","license":"CC0","licenseUrl":"http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/deed.en","caption":"Mentioned at https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Egg_coffee"},{"file":"Egg coffee in Hanoi.jpg","src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Egg_coffee_in_Hanoi.jpg/960px-Egg_coffee_in_Hanoi.jpg","w":800,"h":1422,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Egg_coffee_in_Hanoi.jpg","author":"dott. ing. Fabrizio Berloco","license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0","caption":"Egg coffee in Hanoi."},{"file":"Vietnamese Egg Coffee (8704422450).jpg","src":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e1/Vietnamese_Egg_Coffee_%288704422450%29.jpg","w":800,"h":1200,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Vietnamese_Egg_Coffee_(8704422450).jpg","author":"Migle","license":"CC BY-SA 2.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.0","caption":"Vietnamese Egg Coffee"}],"coords":null,"flag":"","prod":null,"gbif":null,"wd":{"qid":"Q19892389","madeFrom":["sugar","Coffea canephora","condensed milk","egg yolk"]},"recipe":null,"inat":null,"cupping":null,"wcr":null},"einspanner":{"id":"einspanner","type":"drink","curated":false,"name":"Einspänner","title":"Einspänner","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Einsp%C3%A4nner","desc":"Coffee with whipped cream","about":["An Einspänner is a Viennese coffee drink consisting of espresso (\"Mocca\" in Viennese terminology) topped with whipped cream. It is traditionally served in a glass rather than a mug or a coffee cup."],"thumb":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Hofzuckerb%C3%A4cker_Demel_Fr%C3%BChst%C3%BCck_04.jpg/500px-Hofzuckerb%C3%A4cker_Demel_Fr%C3%BChst%C3%BCck_04.jpg","photos":[{"file":"Hofzuckerbäcker Demel Frühstück 04.jpg","src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Hofzuckerb%C3%A4cker_Demel_Fr%C3%BChst%C3%BCck_04.jpg/960px-Hofzuckerb%C3%A4cker_Demel_Fr%C3%BChst%C3%BCck_04.jpg","w":800,"h":600,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Hofzuckerb%C3%A4cker_Demel_Fr%C3%BChst%C3%BCck_04.jpg","author":"Geolina163","license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0","caption":"This photo/audio/video is related to the intangible cultural heritage indexed by theAustrian Commission for UNESCO as (UNESCO: de, en) (commons, de) ."}],"coords":null,"flag":"","prod":null,"gbif":null,"wd":{"qid":"Q1309217","origin":["Austria"]},"recipe":null,"inat":null,"cupping":null,"wcr":null},"es-yen":{"id":"es-yen","type":"drink","curated":false,"name":"Es yen","title":"Es yen","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Es_yen","desc":"","about":["Espresso yen (from espresso + Thai: เย็น, meaning 'cold espresso'), commonly shortened to es yen, is a style of iced coffee from Thailand. It consists of shots of espresso mixed with sweetened condensed milk and served with ice. When it first became popular in the 2010s, the drink's name was controversial in Thailand, as some saw the corruption of the original meaning of espresso as an ignorance of proper coffee culture. Since then, however, it has become recognized and promoted as a distinct, uniquely Thai drink."],"thumb":"","photos":[],"coords":null,"flag":"","prod":null,"gbif":null,"wd":null,"recipe":null,"inat":null,"cupping":null,"wcr":null},"espressino":{"id":"espressino","type":"drink","curated":false,"name":"Espressino","title":"Espressino","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Espressino","desc":"Italian coffee drink","about":["Espressino is an Italian coffee drink originating in the Apulia region. Espressino is usually served in a demitasse."],"thumb":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/ff/Drinking_can_ring-pull_tab.jpg","photos":[{"file":"Drinking can ring-pull tab.jpg","src":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/ff/Drinking_can_ring-pull_tab.jpg","w":800,"h":532,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Drinking_can_ring-pull_tab.jpg","author":"Marcos André","license":"CC BY 2.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0","caption":"The ring-pull tab on an aluminium drinking can."},{"file":"Deus Pizza.png","src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Deus_Pizza.png/960px-Deus_Pizza.png","w":800,"h":800,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Deus_Pizza.png","author":"Bruce The Deus","license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0","caption":"part of a set of icons about food made in Bruce The Deus style"}],"coords":null,"flag":"","prod":null,"gbif":null,"wd":{"qid":"Q3733231","origin":["Italy"]},"recipe":null,"inat":null,"cupping":null,"wcr":null},"espresso-and-tonic":{"id":"espresso-and-tonic","type":"drink","curated":false,"name":"Espresso and tonic","title":"Espresso and tonic","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Espresso_and_tonic","desc":"Drink of espresso mixed with tonic water","about":["Espresso and tonic or espresso tonic is a non-alcoholic mixed drink made by mixing espresso and tonic water. First recorded in 2007, the drink became popular in Scandinavia before spreading to North America, Japan, and around the world. The key ingredients are espresso and tonic water, but other flavourings may be added."],"thumb":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Espresso_and_tonic%2C_COFFEE_CITEN%2C_Akiha%2C_Niigata%2C_Niigata%2C_Japan%2C_May_2023.jpg/500px-Espresso_and_tonic%2C_COFFEE_CITEN%2C_Akiha%2C_Niigata%2C_Niigata%2C_Japan%2C_May_2023.jpg","photos":[{"file":"Espresso and tonic, COFFEE CITEN, Akiha, Niigata, Niigata, Japan, May 2023.jpg","src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Espresso_and_tonic%2C_COFFEE_CITEN%2C_Akiha%2C_Niigata%2C_Niigata%2C_Japan%2C_May_2023.jpg/960px-Espresso_and_tonic%2C_COFFEE_CITEN%2C_Akiha%2C_Niigata%2C_Niigata%2C_Japan%2C_May_2023.jpg","w":800,"h":600,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Espresso_and_tonic,_COFFEE_CITEN,_Akiha,_Niigata,_Niigata,_Japan,_May_2023.jpg","author":"Tail furry","license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0","caption":"新潟市秋葉区にあるCOFFEE CITENのエスプレッソトニック"},{"file":"Espresso tonic.jpg","src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Espresso_tonic.jpg/960px-Espresso_tonic.jpg","w":800,"h":1063,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Espresso_tonic.jpg","author":"Lajmmoore","license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0","caption":"espresso & tonic water - this one was served at El Mingus in Montevideo, Uruguay"}],"coords":null,"flag":"","prod":null,"gbif":null,"wd":{"qid":"Q28683512","origin":["Norway"],"parts":["espresso","tonic water"],"since":"2007"},"recipe":null,"inat":null,"cupping":null,"wcr":null},"espresso-con-panna":{"id":"espresso-con-panna","type":"drink","curated":false,"name":"Espresso con panna","title":"Espresso con panna","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Espresso_con_panna","desc":"Single or double shot of espresso topped with whipped cream","about":["Espresso con panna (lit. 'espresso with cream') is a single or double shot of espresso topped with whipped cream. In France and in the United Kingdom it is known as café viennois."],"thumb":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Deus_Pizza.png/500px-Deus_Pizza.png","photos":[{"file":"Deus Pizza.png","src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Deus_Pizza.png/960px-Deus_Pizza.png","w":800,"h":800,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Deus_Pizza.png","author":"Bruce The Deus","license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0","caption":"part of a set of icons about food made in Bruce The Deus style"}],"coords":null,"flag":"","prod":null,"gbif":null,"wd":{"qid":"Q70408","origin":["Italy"],"parts":["espresso","whipped cream"]},"recipe":null,"inat":null,"cupping":null,"wcr":null},"frappe-coffee":{"id":"frappe-coffee","type":"drink","curated":false,"name":"Frappé coffee","title":"Frappé coffee","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frapp%C3%A9_coffee","desc":"Greek iced coffee drink","about":["A frappé coffee, cold coffee, Greek frappé, or just frappé (Greek: φραπέ, frapé [fraˈpe]) is a Greek iced coffee drink generally made from spray-dried instant coffee, water, sugar, ice and milk. The word is often written frappe (without an accent). The frappé was invented in 1957 in Thessaloniki through experimentation by Dimitris Vakondios, a Nescafe representative. Greek Christos Lenzos (1930–2023), a coffeehouse (1964–2013) owner in Pangrati, has been recognized for his self-made version of Greek frappé coffee. Frappés are among the most popular forms of coffee in Greece and Cyprus and have become a hallmark of postwar outdoor Greek coffee culture."],"thumb":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/73/Cafe-frape-glas-holztisch-unscharf.jpg","photos":[{"file":"Cafe-frape-glas-holztisch-unscharf.jpg","src":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/73/Cafe-frape-glas-holztisch-unscharf.jpg","w":800,"h":1200,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Cafe-frape-glas-holztisch-unscharf.jpg","author":"philleb","license":"CC0","licenseUrl":"http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/deed.en","caption":"Ein selbstgemachter Café frappé in einem Glas."},{"file":"Frappe (4547117210).jpg","src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Frappe_%284547117210%29.jpg/960px-Frappe_%284547117210%29.jpg","w":800,"h":1200,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Frappe_(4547117210).jpg","author":"Klearchos Kapoutsis from Santorini, Greece","license":"CC BY 2.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0","caption":"A trendy plastic glass for frappe at Mylos cafe of Firostefani... Glass for frappe"},{"file":"Greek Frappe.jpg","src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Greek_Frappe.jpg/960px-Greek_Frappe.jpg","w":800,"h":900,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Greek_Frappe.jpg","author":"Elwiki74","license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0","caption":"\"Frappe\" Greek Iced coffee"}],"coords":null,"flag":"","prod":null,"gbif":null,"wd":{"qid":"Q750291","origin":["Greece"],"parts":["instant coffee","sugar","water","ice"],"since":"1957"},"recipe":{"title":"Cookbook:Frappé Coffee","url":"https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Cookbook%3AFrapp%C3%A9_Coffee","ingredients":["1–2 spoons of instant coffee","Tall glass of cold water","1–3 spoons of sugar (optional)","3–5 ice cubes (optional)","Milk (optional; condensed/evaporated milk works best)"],"steps":["Put coffee and sugar in a shaker or tall glass and add a little water, just enough to cover the mixture (about 10 ml, or a couple of teaspoonfuls).","Shake or stir with mixer until the mixture becomes foamy.","Fill the glass with cold water.","Add ice cubes, milk (preferably evaporated or condensed milk) or cream to taste.","Sip with a straw."]},"inat":null,"cupping":null,"wcr":null},"frappuccino":{"id":"frappuccino","type":"drink","curated":false,"name":"Frappuccino","title":"Frappuccino","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frappuccino","desc":"Starbucks iced coffee drink","about":["Frappuccino is a line of blended iced coffee drinks sold by Starbucks. It may consist of coffee or coffee-free base, blended with ice and ingredients such as flavored syrups and usually topped with whipped cream and/or spices. It may also include blended Starbucks refreshers. Frappuccinos are also sold as bottled coffee beverages in grocery stores, convenience stores and from vending machines."],"thumb":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2c/Strawberry_Delight_Frappuccino.JPG","photos":[{"file":"Strawberry Delight Frappuccino.JPG","src":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2c/Strawberry_Delight_Frappuccino.JPG","w":800,"h":1067,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Strawberry_Delight_Frappuccino.JPG","author":"ja:User:Sanjo","license":"CC BY-SA 3.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0","caption":"Strawberry Delight Frappuccino (Starbucks Japan)"}],"coords":null,"flag":"","prod":null,"gbif":null,"wd":{"qid":"Q766148","origin":["United States"],"since":"1995"},"recipe":null,"inat":null,"cupping":null,"wcr":null},"galao":{"id":"galao","type":"drink","curated":false,"name":"Galão","title":"Galão","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gal%C3%A3o","desc":"Drink made with coffee and milk","about":["Galão (Portuguese pronunciation: [ɡɐˈlɐ̃w]) is a hot drink from Portugal made by adding foamed milk to espresso coffee. Similar to caffè latte or café au lait, it consists of about one quarter coffee and three quarters foamed milk. It is served in a tall glass, as opposed to the smaller garoto that is served in a demitasse. When the proportion is 1:1 it is called meia de leite (half milk) and is served in a cup."],"thumb":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Gal%C3%A3o.jpg/500px-Gal%C3%A3o.jpg","photos":[{"file":"Galão.jpg","src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Gal%C3%A3o.jpg/960px-Gal%C3%A3o.jpg","w":800,"h":1073,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Gal%C3%A3o.jpg","author":"Ondřej Žváček","license":"CC BY 2.5","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.5","caption":"Galão in a bakery in São Vicente (Madeira, Portugal)."},{"file":"Caldo verde - Jul 2008.jpg","src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Caldo_verde_-_Jul_2008.jpg/960px-Caldo_verde_-_Jul_2008.jpg","w":800,"h":600,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Caldo_verde_-_Jul_2008.jpg","author":"Therese C","license":"CC BY 2.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0","caption":"Caldo verde - Jul 2008"}],"coords":null,"flag":"","prod":null,"gbif":null,"wd":{"qid":"Q59040","origin":["Portugal"],"parts":["coffee","milk"],"namedAfter":["gallon"]},"recipe":null,"inat":null,"cupping":null,"wcr":null},"gazzosa-al-caffe":{"id":"gazzosa-al-caffe","type":"drink","curated":false,"name":"Gazzosa al caffè","title":"Gazzosa al caffè","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gazzosa_al_caff%C3%A8","desc":"Soft drink from Calabria, Italy","about":["The gazzosa al caffè is a typical Calabrese soft drink, combining carbonated water and coffee."],"thumb":"","photos":[],"coords":null,"flag":"","prod":null,"gbif":null,"wd":{"qid":"Q65129864","origin":["Italy"],"parts":["coffee","gassosa","sugar"]},"recipe":null,"inat":null,"cupping":null,"wcr":null},"ginseng-coffee":{"id":"ginseng-coffee","type":"drink","curated":false,"name":"Ginseng coffee","title":"Ginseng coffee","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ginseng_coffee","desc":"Beverage made from coffee and ginseng root","about":["Ginseng coffee is a beverage prepared from coffee and ginseng root.","In Indonesia, the company Citra Nusa Insan Cemerlang (CNI) began marketing ginseng coffee in 1994. By the early 2010s, ginseng coffee products had been marketed in China, India, Japan, Malaysia, the Philippines, and South Korea. At that time the typical production process consisted of simple mixing of ginseng powder and instant coffee powder. Several authors with the Korea Food Research Institute conducted research into a new production process whereby whole coffee beans would be coated with ginseng extract following roasting and then ground and brewed.","Ginseng coffee later became popular in Italy. It reportedly arrived in Milan in the mid-2000s. It was described by one journalist as being offered by \"almost all\" coffee bars and coffee machines by 2019. In 2018, one study of energy drink consumption by university students in Verona found that among the 37.4% of students who reported consuming ginseng, beverages combining ginseng and coffee were the \"most often used combination\" at 71.8%; it was more popular among female students than male students. Writer Dixe Wills described a ginseng coffee he had in Milan as \"tasting nothing at all like coffee\"."],"thumb":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Caff%C3%A8_al_ginseng.jpg/500px-Caff%C3%A8_al_ginseng.jpg","photos":[{"file":"Caffè al ginseng.jpg","src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Caff%C3%A8_al_ginseng.jpg/960px-Caff%C3%A8_al_ginseng.jpg","w":800,"h":600,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Caff%C3%A8_al_ginseng.jpg","author":"Marcingietorigie","license":"CC BY-SA 3.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0","caption":"Ginseng coffee"},{"file":"Illustration of ginseng from Bigelow \"American Botany\" Wellcome L0017447.jpg","src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Illustration_of_ginseng_from_Bigelow_%22American_Botany%22_Wellcome_L0017447.jpg/960px-Illustration_of_ginseng_from_Bigelow_%22American_Botany%22_Wellcome_L0017447.jpg","w":800,"h":1224,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Illustration_of_ginseng_from_Bigelow_%22American_Botany%22_Wellcome_L0017447.jpg","author":"Unknown","license":"CC BY 4.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0","caption":"Plant \"Panax Quinquefolium\": American Ginseng. Rare Books Keywords: Henry Jacob Bigelow"}],"coords":null,"flag":"","prod":null,"gbif":null,"wd":null,"recipe":null,"inat":null,"cupping":null,"wcr":null},"iced-coffee":{"id":"iced-coffee","type":"drink","curated":false,"name":"Iced coffee","title":"Iced coffee","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iced_coffee","desc":"Coffee served chilled","about":["Iced coffee is coffee served cold. It may be prepared either by brewing coffee normally (i.e. carafe, French press, etc.) and then serving it over ice or with cold milk, or by brewing the coffee cold. In hot brewing, sweeteners and flavoring may be added before cooling, as they dissolve faster. Iced coffee can also be sweetened with pre-dissolved sugar in water.","Iced coffee is regularly available in most coffee shops. Iced coffee is generally brewed at a higher strength than normal coffee, to compensate for dilution by melting ice. Iced coffee is made by brewing hot coffee, and pouring it over ice; cold brew coffee is made without heat by steeping coffee grounds into lukewarm water.","In Australia, packaged iced coffee with milk and sweetener is widely distributed."],"thumb":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Affogato_al_Caffe.jpg/500px-Affogato_al_Caffe.jpg","photos":[{"file":"Affogato al Caffe.jpg","src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Affogato_al_Caffe.jpg/960px-Affogato_al_Caffe.jpg","w":800,"h":774,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Affogato_al_Caffe.jpg","author":"Richard Huber","license":"CC BY-SA 3.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0","caption":"Affogato al Caffee, ein Espresso mit einer Vanilleeiskugel"},{"file":"Australian iced coffee.jpg","src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Australian_iced_coffee.jpg/960px-Australian_iced_coffee.jpg","w":800,"h":1081,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Australian_iced_coffee.jpg","author":"MusikAnimal","license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0","caption":"Australian iced coffee which typically contains vanilla ice cream."},{"file":"Eiskaffee mit Sahne.jpg","src":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/81/Eiskaffee_mit_Sahne.jpg","w":800,"h":1109,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Eiskaffee_mit_Sahne.jpg","author":"Dirk Schneider (ds-foto)","license":"CC BY 3.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0","caption":"iced coffee"},{"file":"Greek Frappe.jpg","src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Greek_Frappe.jpg/960px-Greek_Frappe.jpg","w":800,"h":900,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Greek_Frappe.jpg","author":"Elwiki74","license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0","caption":"\"Frappe\" Greek Iced coffee"},{"file":"Iced coffee beverages.jpg","src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Iced_coffee_beverages.jpg/960px-Iced_coffee_beverages.jpg","w":800,"h":533,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Iced_coffee_beverages.jpg","author":"Doug butler","license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0","caption":"Range of packaged \"Iced coffee\" beverages in one Adelaide store. This style of packaged flavored milk may have originated in Adelaide with Farmers' Union Iced C"},{"file":"Iced latte.jpg","src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Iced_latte.jpg/960px-Iced_latte.jpg","w":800,"h":533,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Iced_latte.jpg","author":"Kritzolina","license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0","caption":"Iced latte"},{"file":"Japanese iced coffee - 01.jpg","src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Japanese_iced_coffee_-_01.jpg/960px-Japanese_iced_coffee_-_01.jpg","w":800,"h":600,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Japanese_iced_coffee_-_01.jpg","author":"Quercus acuta","license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0","caption":"日本のアイスコーヒー"},{"file":"Vinoteca, Smithfield, London (4485849609).jpg","src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Vinoteca%2C_Smithfield%2C_London_%284485849609%29.jpg/960px-Vinoteca%2C_Smithfield%2C_London_%284485849609%29.jpg","w":800,"h":533,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Vinoteca,_Smithfield,_London_(4485849609).jpg","author":"Ewan Munro from London, UK","license":"CC BY-SA 2.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.0","caption":"An affogato, never fails to make me happy. At Vinoteca, St John Street."}],"coords":null,"flag":"","prod":null,"gbif":null,"wd":{"qid":"Q968554","parts":["coffee","ice"]},"recipe":null,"inat":null,"cupping":null,"wcr":null},"indian-filter-coffee":{"id":"indian-filter-coffee","type":"drink","curated":false,"name":"Indian filter coffee","title":"Indian filter coffee","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_filter_coffee","desc":"Drink made with coffee and milk","about":["Indian filter coffee is a coffee drink made by mixing hot milk and sugar with the infusion obtained by percolation brewing of finely ground coffee powder with chicory in a traditional Indian filter. It has been described as \"hot, strong, sweet and topped with bubbly froth\" and is known as filter kaapi in India."],"thumb":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Chennai_filter_coffee_shop.jpg/500px-Chennai_filter_coffee_shop.jpg","photos":[{"file":"Chennai filter coffee shop.jpg","src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Chennai_filter_coffee_shop.jpg/960px-Chennai_filter_coffee_shop.jpg","w":800,"h":693,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Chennai_filter_coffee_shop.jpg","author":"w:user:PlaneMad","license":"CC BY-SA 3.0","licenseUrl":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/","caption":"Chennai is famous for its w:filter coffee, and many shops like this grind fresh coffee powder."},{"file":"Disassembled South Indian coffee filter.jpg","src":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7a/Disassembled_South_Indian_coffee_filter.jpg","w":800,"h":601,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Disassembled_South_Indian_coffee_filter.jpg","author":"en:User:Cheeni","license":"CC BY-SA 3.0","licenseUrl":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/","caption":"Disassembled South Indian coffee filter. Originally uploaded by en:User:Cheeni to en:Image:Empty filter.jpg on 22 October 2004"},{"file":"Filter kaapi.JPG","src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Filter_kaapi.JPG/960px-Filter_kaapi.JPG","w":800,"h":533,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Filter_kaapi.JPG","author":"Vallari.a","license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0","caption":"filter coffee is a culture in the south of india. It has a distinct flavour as chickory is added to it."},{"file":"South Indian Coffe.jpg","src":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/South_Indian_Coffe.jpg","w":800,"h":1399,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:South_Indian_Coffe.jpg","author":"Sudiptorana","license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0","caption":"South Indian Coffe a South Indian food preparation at Seetala Udipi Eating House."}],"coords":null,"flag":"","prod":null,"gbif":null,"wd":{"qid":"Q6022264","origin":["India"]},"recipe":null,"inat":null,"cupping":null,"wcr":null},"ipoh-white-coffee":{"id":"ipoh-white-coffee","type":"drink","curated":false,"name":"Ipoh white coffee","title":"Ipoh white coffee","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ipoh_white_coffee","desc":"Coffee drink from Ipoh, Malaysia","about":["Ipoh white coffee (Chinese: 怡保白咖啡, Tamil: ஒயிட் காபி) is a popular coffee drink which originated in Ipoh, Perak, Malaysia, resulting in Ipoh being named one of the top three coffee towns by Lonely Planet. The coffee beans are roasted with palm oil margarine, and the resulting coffee is served with condensed milk."],"thumb":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/31/Iced_Ipoh_White_Coffee.jpg","photos":[{"file":"Iced Ipoh White Coffee.jpg","src":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/31/Iced_Ipoh_White_Coffee.jpg","w":800,"h":1455,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Iced_Ipoh_White_Coffee.jpg","author":"KtMystic","license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0","caption":"A glass of Iced Ipoh White Coffee from Menglembu, Ipoh, Malaysia"},{"file":"IpohWhiteCoffee..jpg","src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/IpohWhiteCoffee..jpg/960px-IpohWhiteCoffee..jpg","w":800,"h":533,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:IpohWhiteCoffee..jpg","author":"Hhaithait","license":"CC BY-SA 3.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0","caption":"White coffee of Old Town White Coffee, Malaysia"},{"file":"Ipoh White Coffee, Old Town Kopitiam in Australia.jpg","src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Ipoh_White_Coffee%2C_Old_Town_Kopitiam_in_Australia.jpg/960px-Ipoh_White_Coffee%2C_Old_Town_Kopitiam_in_Australia.jpg","w":800,"h":600,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Ipoh_White_Coffee,_Old_Town_Kopitiam_in_Australia.jpg","author":"Alpha from Melbourne, Australia","license":"CC BY-SA 2.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.0","caption":"A cup of Ipoh white coffee"}],"coords":null,"flag":"","prod":null,"gbif":null,"wd":null,"recipe":null,"inat":null,"cupping":null,"wcr":null},"kopi-joss":{"id":"kopi-joss","type":"drink","curated":false,"name":"Kopi joss","title":"Kopi joss","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kopi_joss","desc":"Indonesian coffee drink","about":["Kopi joss or kopi jos is a traditional coffee beverage from Yogyakarta served with hot charcoal. The hot charcoal is submerged in brewed black coffee and sugar before serving. This coffee is typically sold at angkringans, a type of street food stall or cart, in Yogyakarta. A cup of kopi joss is usually priced around 5 thousand rupiah."],"thumb":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/81/Kopi_Joss.jpg","photos":[{"file":"Kopi Joss.jpg","src":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/81/Kopi_Joss.jpg","w":800,"h":1067,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Kopi_Joss.jpg","author":"Ivan Lanin from Jakarta, Indonesia","license":"CC BY-SA 2.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.0","caption":"Specialty from Angkringan Lik Man, north of Stasiun Tugu Jogja: coffee with red hot charcoal."}],"coords":null,"flag":"","prod":null,"gbif":null,"wd":{"qid":"Q97373557","origin":["Indonesia"],"madeFrom":["coffee bean","drinking water"],"parts":["charcoal"]},"recipe":null,"inat":null,"cupping":null,"wcr":null},"kopi-tubruk":{"id":"kopi-tubruk","type":"drink","curated":false,"name":"Kopi tubruk","title":"Kopi tubruk","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kopi_tubruk","desc":"Indonesian coffee drink","about":["Kopi Tubruk is an Indonesian-style coffee where hot water is poured over fine coffee grounds directly in the glass, without any filtration, usually with added sugar.","In Bali, Kopi Tubruk is known by the name \"Kopi Selem\" which means black coffee."],"thumb":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Javanese_Kopi_Tubruk.jpg/500px-Javanese_Kopi_Tubruk.jpg","photos":[{"file":"Javanese Kopi Tubruk.jpg","src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Javanese_Kopi_Tubruk.jpg/960px-Javanese_Kopi_Tubruk.jpg","w":800,"h":614,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Javanese_Kopi_Tubruk.jpg","author":"Gunawan Kartapranata","license":"CC BY-SA 3.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0","caption":"A cup of Java. Javanese Kopi Tubruk, Javanese Arabica coffee without separating the coffee residue. Roemahkoe Heritage Hotel breakfast, Surakarta, Central Java,"}],"coords":null,"flag":"","prod":null,"gbif":null,"wd":{"qid":"Q4211199","origin":["Indonesia"]},"recipe":null,"inat":null,"cupping":null,"wcr":null},"kurdish-coffee":{"id":"kurdish-coffee","type":"drink","curated":false,"name":"Kurdish coffee","title":"Kurdish coffee","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kurdish_coffee","desc":"Hot drink made from ground terebinth fruits","about":["Kurdish coffee (Kurdish: (قاوەی کوردی) Qehweya Kurdî or Qehweya Kezwanan or qazwan in Iraqi Kurdistan) or menengiç coffee (Turkish: menengiç kahvesi), meaning pistachio coffee or terebinth coffee, is a traditional hot beverage in Kurdish and Turkish cuisine. It is made of ground roasted terebinth fruits (related to the pistachio) as the main ingredient, and is caffeine-free. It is particularly popular in  parts of Southeastern Anatolia."],"thumb":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Doner_kebap_Istanbul_20071026_crop.JPG/500px-Doner_kebap_Istanbul_20071026_crop.JPG","photos":[{"file":"Doner kebap Istanbul 20071026 crop.JPG","src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Doner_kebap_Istanbul_20071026_crop.JPG/960px-Doner_kebap_Istanbul_20071026_crop.JPG","w":800,"h":1511,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Doner_kebap_Istanbul_20071026_crop.JPG","author":"Pvasiliadis; cropped by Beyond My Ken (talk) 05:56, 19 July 2012 (UTC)","license":"CC BY-SA 3.0","licenseUrl":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/","caption":"Doner kebap made at Istanbul"},{"file":"Qehweya kurdî Amed 2012.JPG","src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Qehweya_kurd%C3%AE_Amed_2012.JPG/960px-Qehweya_kurd%C3%AE_Amed_2012.JPG","w":800,"h":532,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Qehweya_kurd%C3%AE_Amed_2012.JPG","author":"MikaelF","license":"CC BY-SA 3.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0","caption":"Kurdish coffee, a coffee-like beverage made from the roasted terpentine fruit (Piscacia terebinthus)"}],"coords":null,"flag":"","prod":null,"gbif":null,"wd":{"qid":"Q6585936","origin":["Turkey"],"madeFrom":["Pistacia terebinthus"],"parts":["Pistacia terebinthus"]},"recipe":null,"inat":null,"cupping":null,"wcr":null},"latte-macchiato":{"id":"latte-macchiato","type":"drink","curated":false,"name":"Latte macchiato","title":"Latte macchiato","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latte_macchiato","desc":"Hot espresso drink with milk","about":["Latte macchiato (Italian: [ˈlatte makˈkjaːto]) is a coffee beverage. The name is Italian for 'stained milk', referring to the way the drink is prepared, by pouring a shot of espresso into steamed milk. It derives from caffè macchiato, an older drink consisting of espresso \"stained\" with just a small amount of milk or cream."],"thumb":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Latte_macchiato_with_coffee_beans.jpg/500px-Latte_macchiato_with_coffee_beans.jpg","photos":[{"file":"Latte macchiato with coffee beans.jpg","src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Latte_macchiato_with_coffee_beans.jpg/960px-Latte_macchiato_with_coffee_beans.jpg","w":800,"h":1145,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Latte_macchiato_with_coffee_beans.jpg","author":"א (Aleph)","license":"CC BY-SA 2.5","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.5","caption":"This photograph shows a glass of latte macchiato, which is a hot beverage made from steamed milk and espresso."}],"coords":null,"flag":"","prod":null,"gbif":null,"wd":{"qid":"Q22929","parts":["espresso"]},"recipe":null,"inat":null,"cupping":null,"wcr":null},"lungo":{"id":"lungo","type":"drink","curated":false,"name":"Lungo","title":"Lungo","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lungo","desc":"Type of coffee drink","about":["Lungo (lit. 'long'), known in full in Italian as caffè lungo, is a coffee made by using an espresso machine to make an Italian-style coffee—short black (a single espresso shot) with more water (generally twice as much), resulting in a larger coffee (\"lungo\").","A normal serving of espresso takes from 18 to 30 seconds to pull, and fills 25–30 millilitres (0.9–1.1 imp fl oz; 0.8–1.0 US fl oz), while a lungo may take up to a minute to pull, and might fill 50–70 millilitres (1.8–2.5 imp fl oz; 1.7–2.4 US fl oz). Extraction time of the dose is determined by the variety of coffee beans (usually a blend of arabica and robusta), their grind, and the pressure of the machine. It is usually brewed using an espresso machine, but with twice the amount of water to the same weight of coffee, to make a much-longer drink.","In French, it is called café allongé and is popular in the Canadian province of Quebec."],"thumb":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Carajillo_en_Duralex_Cigogne.jpg/500px-Carajillo_en_Duralex_Cigogne.jpg","photos":[{"file":"Carajillo en Duralex Cigogne.jpg","src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Carajillo_en_Duralex_Cigogne.jpg/960px-Carajillo_en_Duralex_Cigogne.jpg","w":800,"h":718,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Carajillo_en_Duralex_Cigogne.jpg","author":"Francesc Fort","license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0","caption":"Café tocat en un got Duralex Cigogne."}],"coords":null,"flag":"","prod":null,"gbif":null,"wd":null,"recipe":null,"inat":null,"cupping":null,"wcr":null},"marocchino":{"id":"marocchino","type":"drink","curated":false,"name":"Marocchino","title":"Marocchino","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marocchino","desc":"Italian drink made with coffee and cocoa","about":["Marocchino is a coffee drink invented in Turin, Italy. It is described as a \"mini-cappucino dusted with cocoa\"."],"thumb":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Marocchino_%2826440403402%29.jpg/500px-Marocchino_%2826440403402%29.jpg","photos":[{"file":"Marocchino (26440403402).jpg","src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Marocchino_%2826440403402%29.jpg/960px-Marocchino_%2826440403402%29.jpg","w":800,"h":600,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Marocchino_(26440403402).jpg","author":"Dhinal Chheda","license":"CC BY 2.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0","caption":"Marocchino"}],"coords":null,"flag":"","prod":null,"gbif":null,"wd":null,"recipe":null,"inat":null,"cupping":null,"wcr":null},"mazagran":{"id":"mazagran","type":"drink","curated":false,"name":"Mazagran","title":"Mazagran (drink)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mazagran_(drink)","desc":"Coffee drink made with lemon juice","about":["Mazagran (also called café mazagran, formerly spelt masagran) is a cold, sweetened coffee drink that originated in Algeria. Portuguese versions may use espresso, lemon, mint and rum, and Austrian versions are served with an ice cube and include rum or maraschino. Sometimes a fast version is achieved by pouring a previously sweetened espresso in a cup with ice cubes and a slice of lemon. Mazagran has been described as \"the original iced coffee\"."],"thumb":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c1/Caf%C3%A9_mazagran.jpg","photos":[{"file":"Café mazagran.jpg","src":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c1/Caf%C3%A9_mazagran.jpg","w":800,"h":801,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Caf%C3%A9_mazagran.jpg","author":"Herbeater","license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0","caption":"Mazagran coffee"}],"coords":null,"flag":"","prod":null,"gbif":null,"wd":{"qid":"Q9285712","origin":["Algeria"],"parts":["coffee"],"namedAfter":["Mazagran"]},"recipe":{"title":"Cookbook:Mazagran (Algerian Iced Coffee)","url":"https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Cookbook%3AMazagran_(Algerian_Iced_Coffee)","ingredients":["Ice cubes","1 cup brewed black coffee","Freshly-squeezed lemon juice","Sugar or other sweetener","1 lemon slice or wedge (optional)"],"steps":["Fill a tall, narrow glass with the ice cubes.","Pour the coffee over the ice.","Add the lemon juice and sugar to taste.","Add the lemon slice or wedge as a final touch if desired."]},"inat":null,"cupping":null,"wcr":null},"m-rra":{"id":"m-rra","type":"drink","curated":false,"name":"Mırra","title":"Mırra","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C4%B1rra","desc":"Type of bitter coffee from the Levant","about":["Murra, or mirra (Arabic: مرّة, lit. 'bitter') is a traditional type of bitter Arabic coffee prepared in the Levant and parts of southern Turkey. Because of its intense bitterness, murra is traditionally served in very small amounts.","The coffee beans are roasted twice to enhance their strong, bitter flavor. Unlike Turkish coffee, which is ground into a fine powder, murra beans are coarsely ground, giving the coffee a grainier texture. The ground coffee is then boiled and simmered with cardamom seeds for several hours, until a thick, dark liquid forms.","When serving, the host fills the cup halfway and hands it to a guest. The guest drinks it and returns the cup to be refilled and passed to the next person. As the cup circulates among guests, each returns it to the server after finishing. According to tradition, failure to return the cup properly may require the guest to fill it with gold, marry the server, assist them in marrying, or contribute to their dowry (if the server is a woman)."],"thumb":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Fattoush.JPG/500px-Fattoush.JPG","photos":[{"file":"Fattoush.JPG","src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Fattoush.JPG/960px-Fattoush.JPG","w":800,"h":600,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Fattoush.JPG","author":"Unknown","license":"Public domain","licenseUrl":"","caption":"Fattoush dish (فتوش)"},{"file":"Turkish coffee in Abu Ghosh.jpg","src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Turkish_coffee_in_Abu_Ghosh.jpg/960px-Turkish_coffee_in_Abu_Ghosh.jpg","w":800,"h":1133,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Turkish_coffee_in_Abu_Ghosh.jpg","author":"איתן טלEtan Tal","license":"CC BY 3.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0","caption":"\"Turkish\" coffee in the Arab village Abu Ghosh (Israel)"}],"coords":null,"flag":"","prod":null,"gbif":null,"wd":null,"recipe":null,"inat":null,"cupping":null,"wcr":null},"mustang-coffee":{"id":"mustang-coffee","type":"drink","curated":false,"name":"Mustang coffee","title":"Mustang coffee","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mustang_coffee","desc":"","about":["Mustang coffee is a liqueur coffee consisting of coffee, sugar or honey, butter, and raksi (a Nepalese rice or millet wine). It is made by browning rakshi and butter and adding sugar.","Various other spirits can be used to make Mustang coffee, including Khukuri rum. The Nomad Lounge at Disneyworld serves a variant made with Crown Royal.","Mustang coffee is named after the Mustang district of Nepal."],"thumb":"","photos":[],"coords":null,"flag":"","prod":null,"gbif":null,"wd":null,"recipe":null,"inat":null,"cupping":null,"wcr":null},"oliang":{"id":"oliang","type":"drink","curated":false,"name":"Oliang","title":"Oliang","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oliang","desc":"Thai iced coffee drink","about":["Oliang (Thai: โอเลี้ยง, pronounced [ʔōːlía̯ŋ], also spelt oleang and olieng), commonly known as Thai iced coffee, is a popular Thai beverage. Oliang is prepared from a mixture of Robusta coffee grounds, brown sugar, and various grains and seeds like cardamom, corn, soybeans, rice, and sesame seeds. The drink is noted for its coffee aroma and smoky notes from high-roasted grains and seeds."],"thumb":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Oliang_and_Roselle_Juice.jpg/500px-Oliang_and_Roselle_Juice.jpg","photos":[{"file":"Oliang and Roselle Juice.jpg","src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Oliang_and_Roselle_Juice.jpg/960px-Oliang_and_Roselle_Juice.jpg","w":800,"h":1066,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Oliang_and_Roselle_Juice.jpg","author":"Manop","license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0","caption":"Oliang and Roselle Juice"},{"file":"Thai drinks in cafeteria.jpg","src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Thai_drinks_in_cafeteria.jpg/960px-Thai_drinks_in_cafeteria.jpg","w":800,"h":1066,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Thai_drinks_in_cafeteria.jpg","author":"Manop","license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0","caption":"Thai drinks in cafeteria"},{"file":"Yam huapli thot 02.jpg","src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Yam_huapli_thot_02.jpg/960px-Yam_huapli_thot_02.jpg","w":800,"h":800,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Yam_huapli_thot_02.jpg","author":"Takeaway","license":"CC BY-SA 3.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0","caption":"Yam huapli thot (Thai script: ยำหัวปลีทอด) is a spicy Thai \"yam\"-style salad with fritters of deep-fried, sliced banana blossom as its main ingredient. This was"}],"coords":null,"flag":"","prod":null,"gbif":null,"wd":{"qid":"Q4919047","origin":["Thailand"],"madeFrom":["robusta coffee","brown sugar"]},"recipe":null,"inat":null,"cupping":null,"wcr":null},"pumpkin-spice-latte":{"id":"pumpkin-spice-latte","type":"drink","curated":false,"name":"Pumpkin spice latte","title":"Pumpkin spice latte","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pumpkin_spice_latte","desc":"Autumnal coffee drink","about":["A pumpkin spice latte (PSL) is a coffee drink made with a mix of spice flavors (cinnamon, nutmeg, and clove), steamed milk, espresso, and often sugar, topped with whipped cream and pumpkin pie spices.","Starbucks began selling pumpkin spice lattes in the fall of 2003. Initially their version contained no  pumpkin; Starbucks modified the recipe in 2015 to satisfy demand. Starbucks obtained a trademark for the abbreviation PSL in 2015. The flavor has inspired a range of seasonal product variations. The pumpkin spice latte has since been offered by chains including Dunkin' Donuts and McDonald's."],"thumb":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Hot_Pumpkin_Spice_Latte_sold_by_Pret_A_Manger.jpg/500px-Hot_Pumpkin_Spice_Latte_sold_by_Pret_A_Manger.jpg","photos":[{"file":"Hot Pumpkin Spice Latte sold by Pret A Manger.jpg","src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Hot_Pumpkin_Spice_Latte_sold_by_Pret_A_Manger.jpg/960px-Hot_Pumpkin_Spice_Latte_sold_by_Pret_A_Manger.jpg","w":800,"h":1067,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Hot_Pumpkin_Spice_Latte_sold_by_Pret_A_Manger.jpg","author":"さえぼー","license":"CC0","licenseUrl":"http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/deed.en","caption":"Hot Pumpkin Spice Latte sold by Pret A Manger"},{"file":"Starbucks Pumpkin Spice Latte (38404428942).jpg","src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Starbucks_Pumpkin_Spice_Latte_%2838404428942%29.jpg/960px-Starbucks_Pumpkin_Spice_Latte_%2838404428942%29.jpg","w":800,"h":1256,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Starbucks_Pumpkin_Spice_Latte_(38404428942).jpg","author":"Push Doctor","license":"CC BY 2.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0","caption":"We've released this photo under Creative Commons (Attribution-non commercial). You are welcome to use this image for non-commercial purposes, but please provide"},{"file":"Pumpkin Spice (48986157673) cropped.png","src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Pumpkin_Spice_%2848986157673%29_cropped.png/960px-Pumpkin_Spice_%2848986157673%29_cropped.png","w":800,"h":1122,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Pumpkin_Spice_(48986157673)_cropped.png","author":"Theo Crazzolara","license":"CC BY 2.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0","caption":"A pumpkin spice latte in front of a black background, in combination with two decorative cinnamon sticks and some coffee beans strewn in front."}],"coords":null,"flag":"","prod":null,"gbif":null,"wd":{"qid":"Q18345746","parts":["coffee","cinnamon","pumpkin pie spice","nutmeg","clove","cow's milk"],"since":"2003"},"recipe":null,"inat":null,"cupping":null,"wcr":null},"raf-coffee":{"id":"raf-coffee","type":"drink","curated":false,"name":"Raf coffee","title":"Raf coffee","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raf_coffee","desc":"Coffee drink made using espresso and vanilla sugar","about":["Raf coffee (Russian: раф-кофе) is a popular coffee drink in some countries of the former USSR, which appeared in the late 1990s in Russia. It is prepared by adding cream and vanilla sugar to a single shot of espresso and then foaming the mix with the espresso machine's steam wand. The main differences from a latte are the use of vanilla sugar and cream instead of milk and the fact that the whole mix is foamed together instead of just milk. Vanilla sugar is often substituted with syrup."],"thumb":"","photos":[],"coords":null,"flag":"","prod":null,"gbif":null,"wd":{"qid":"Q57243997","origin":["Russia"],"parts":["vanilla sugar","cream","espresso"],"namedAfter":["Raphael","human"],"since":"1996"},"recipe":null,"inat":null,"cupping":null,"wcr":null},"turkish-coffee":{"id":"turkish-coffee","type":"drink","curated":false,"name":"Turkish coffee","title":"Turkish coffee","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkish_coffee","desc":"Coffee brewing method without filters","about":["Turkish coffee (Turkish: Türk kahvesi) is a style of coffee prepared in a pot called a cezve using very finely ground coffee beans without filtering. The drink appears under different names across the Middle East, the Balkans, and the Caucasus."],"thumb":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/2025-06-01_Mus%C3%A9e_Le_Secq_des_Tournelles_125629297.jpg/500px-2025-06-01_Mus%C3%A9e_Le_Secq_des_Tournelles_125629297.jpg","photos":[{"file":"2025-06-01 Musée Le Secq des Tournelles 125629297.jpg","src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/2025-06-01_Mus%C3%A9e_Le_Secq_des_Tournelles_125629297.jpg/960px-2025-06-01_Mus%C3%A9e_Le_Secq_des_Tournelles_125629297.jpg","w":800,"h":1065,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:2025-06-01_Mus%C3%A9e_Le_Secq_des_Tournelles_125629297.jpg","author":"Bärbel Miemietz","license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0","caption":"Coffee grinders in the Musée Le Secq des Tournelles, an ironwork museum in Rouen, Normandy."},{"file":"Armenian Coffee-13.JPG","src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Armenian_Coffee-13.JPG/960px-Armenian_Coffee-13.JPG","w":800,"h":600,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Armenian_Coffee-13.JPG","author":"Pandukht","license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0","caption":"Armenian coffee."},{"file":"Coffee-cook.jpg","src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Coffee-cook.jpg/960px-Coffee-cook.jpg","w":800,"h":1364,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Coffee-cook.jpg","author":"Unknown watercolourist, Ottoman School","license":"Public domain","licenseUrl":"","caption":"The chief coffee-cook to the Sultan wearing his ceremonial robes. To make Turkish coffee well was difficult, and sultans established a tradition of having profe"},{"file":"Coffee cup from Turkey, Ottoman period, late 19th-early 20th century, silver, porcelain.JPG","src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Coffee_cup_from_Turkey%2C_Ottoman_period%2C_late_19th-early_20th_century%2C_silver%2C_porcelain.JPG/960px-Coffee_cup_from_Turkey%2C_Ottoman_period%2C_late_19th-early_20th_century%2C_silver%2C_porcelain.JPG","w":800,"h":682,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Coffee_cup_from_Turkey,_Ottoman_period,_late_19th-early_20th_century,_silver,_porcelain.JPG","author":"Hiart","license":"CC0","licenseUrl":"http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/deed.en","caption":"Coffee cup from Turkey, Ottoman period, late 19th-early 20th century, silver, porcelain, gilding, one of three, long-term loan to the Honolulu Museum of Art by "},{"file":"Cup of coffee (Serbian cuisine, Grand kava).jpg","src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Cup_of_coffee_%28Serbian_cuisine%2C_Grand_kava%29.jpg/960px-Cup_of_coffee_%28Serbian_cuisine%2C_Grand_kava%29.jpg","w":800,"h":565,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Cup_of_coffee_(Serbian_cuisine,_Grand_kava).jpg","author":"Petar Milošević","license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0","caption":"cup of coffee made on tradinonal way (Grand coffee made in džezva, without milk or sugar. Part of Serbian cuisine.)"},{"file":"Czech Turkish Coffee.jpg","src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Czech_Turkish_Coffee.jpg/960px-Czech_Turkish_Coffee.jpg","w":800,"h":1389,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Czech_Turkish_Coffee.jpg","author":"Vitekcswiki","license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0","caption":"Typical Czech \"Turkish coffee\" made of ground coffee beans poured with boiling water."},{"file":"Kumda Türk Kahvesi, Safranbolu 2014.jpg","src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Kumda_T%C3%BCrk_Kahvesi%2C_Safranbolu_2014.jpg/960px-Kumda_T%C3%BCrk_Kahvesi%2C_Safranbolu_2014.jpg","w":800,"h":533,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Kumda_T%C3%BCrk_Kahvesi,_Safranbolu_2014.jpg","author":"Hamdigumus","license":"CC0","licenseUrl":"http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/deed.en","caption":"Turkish Coffee in Sand, Safranbolu 2014"},{"file":"Princesse de Bournonville.jpg","src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Princesse_de_Bournonville.jpg/960px-Princesse_de_Bournonville.jpg","w":800,"h":1097,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Princesse_de_Bournonville.jpg","author":"Nicolas Bonnart (17th-century engraver)","license":"Public domain","licenseUrl":"","caption":"The Princesse de Bournonville is shown drinking coffee, for which purpose she wears Turkish attire and is attended by a servant in Turkish dress."}],"coords":null,"flag":"","prod":null,"gbif":null,"wd":{"qid":"Q43022","origin":["Turkey"]},"recipe":null,"inat":null,"cupping":null,"wcr":null},"ube-latte":{"id":"ube-latte","type":"drink","curated":false,"name":"Ube latte","title":"Ube latte","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ube_latte","desc":"Filipino latte flavor prepared using ube","about":["Ube latte is a beverage made with ube, milk, and, in some variations, espresso.","Like other ube-based dishes, it is known for its distinctive purple color, which has contributed to its international popularity and social media prominence during the 2020s."],"thumb":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/George_and_Onnie%27s_ube_latte.jpg/500px-George_and_Onnie%27s_ube_latte.jpg","photos":[{"file":"George and Onnie's ube latte.jpg","src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/George_and_Onnie%27s_ube_latte.jpg/960px-George_and_Onnie%27s_ube_latte.jpg","w":800,"h":600,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:George_and_Onnie%27s_ube_latte.jpg","author":"Josh Lim (Sky Harbor)","license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0","caption":"An ube latte from George and Onnie's, a restaurant chain specializing in Filipino cuisine, at the Bonifacio Global City in Taguig, Metro Manila"}],"coords":null,"flag":"","prod":null,"gbif":null,"wd":{"qid":"Q139718640","origin":["Philippines"],"madeFrom":["milk","water","sugar","Ube"],"namedAfter":["Ube"],"since":"2016"},"recipe":null,"inat":null,"cupping":null,"wcr":null},"wiener-melange":{"id":"wiener-melange","type":"drink","curated":false,"name":"Wiener Melange","title":"Wiener Melange","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wiener_Melange","desc":"Specialty coffee drink similar to cappuccino","about":["A Melange (or Wiener Melange - \"Vienna blend\") is a specialty coffee drink similar to a cappuccino.  The difference is that the Melange is made with milder coffee.  At Cafe Sperl in Vienna, the Melange is half a cup of brewed coffee with half a cup of steamed cream, topped with milk foam. Nescafe, Mövenpick and Lufthansa Catering however serve Wiener Melange as coffee blended with cocoa – no matter whether foam topped or not.","The English term \"Cafe Vienna\" and the French café viennois usually refer to espresso con panna – topped with whipped cream instead of milk foam. Ordering a Wiener Melange may yield the arrival of an espresso con panna even in Vienna, though this is properly called a Franziskaner (Franciscan friar). The reference to Franciscan friars parallels the term \"cappuccino\", similar to the Austrian coffee preparation or \"Kapuziner\", which derives its name from the brown color of the robes worn by Capuchin friars."],"thumb":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Sachertorte_DSC03027_retouched.jpg/500px-Sachertorte_DSC03027_retouched.jpg","photos":[{"file":"Sachertorte DSC03027 retouched.jpg","src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Sachertorte_DSC03027_retouched.jpg/960px-Sachertorte_DSC03027_retouched.jpg","w":800,"h":600,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Sachertorte_DSC03027_retouched.jpg","author":"Unknown","license":"CC BY-SA 3.0","licenseUrl":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/","caption":""},{"file":"Wiener Melange 0363wien img 9691.jpg","src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Wiener_Melange_0363wien_img_9691.jpg/960px-Wiener_Melange_0363wien_img_9691.jpg","w":800,"h":1067,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Wiener_Melange_0363wien_img_9691.jpg","author":"Rüdiger Wölk","license":"CC BY-SA 2.0 de","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.0/de/deed.en","caption":"Wiener Melange"}],"coords":null,"flag":"","prod":null,"gbif":null,"wd":{"qid":"Q70461","origin":["Austria"],"parts":["coffee","milk"]},"recipe":null,"inat":null,"cupping":null,"wcr":null},"yazdi-coffee":{"id":"yazdi-coffee","type":"drink","curated":false,"name":"Yazdi coffee","title":"Yazdi coffee","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yazdi_coffee","desc":"Coffee brewing method without filters","about":["Yazdi Coffee (Persian: قهوه یزدی), also known as Qahveh-ye Rouze’i (قهوه روضه‌ای) or Qahveh-ye Azadari (قهوه عزاداری) in Yazd, Iran, is a traditional coffee associated with mourning ceremonies, particularly during the Islamic month of Muharram. Historical evidence suggests that this coffee has been prepared and served to mourners in Yazd since at least the Qajar era."],"thumb":"","photos":[],"coords":null,"flag":"","prod":null,"gbif":null,"wd":{"qid":"Q127785002","origin":["Iran","Yazd"]},"recipe":null,"inat":null,"cupping":null,"wcr":null},"yuenyeung":{"id":"yuenyeung","type":"drink","curated":false,"name":"Yuenyeung","title":"Yuenyeung","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yuenyeung","desc":"Drink made with coffee and milk tea","about":["Yuenyeung (Chinese: 鴛鴦, often transliterated according to the Cantonese language pronunciation yuenyeung, yinyeung, or yinyong; yuānyāng in Mandarin) is a drink created by mixing coffee with milk tea. It originated in Hong Kong at dai pai dong (open-air food vendors) and cha chaan teng (cafés), but is now available in various types of restaurants.","The exact method of creating yuenyeung varies by vendor and region, but it generally consists of brewed coffee and black tea with sugar and milk. According to the Hong Kong Leisure and Cultural Services Department, the mixture is three parts coffee and seven parts Hong Kong–style milk tea. It can be served hot or cold."],"thumb":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Yuanyang_%28drink%29.jpg/500px-Yuanyang_%28drink%29.jpg","photos":[{"file":"Yuanyang (drink).jpg","src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Yuanyang_%28drink%29.jpg/960px-Yuanyang_%28drink%29.jpg","w":800,"h":1067,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Yuanyang_(drink).jpg","author":"OhanaUnitedTalk page","license":"CC BY-SA 3.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0","caption":"I took this photo at a Cha chaan teng in en:Hong Kong"}],"coords":null,"flag":"","prod":null,"gbif":null,"wd":{"qid":"Q2748300","namedAfter":["Mandarin Duck"]},"recipe":null,"inat":null,"cupping":null,"wcr":null},"angola":{"id":"angola","type":"origin","curated":false,"name":"Angola","title":"Coffee production in Angola","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coffee_production_in_Angola","desc":"","about":["Coffee production in Angola refers to the production of coffee in Angola. Coffee is one of Angola's largest agricultural products; at its peak, while under Portuguese rule, Angola was the third-largest producer of coffee in the world."],"thumb":"","photos":[],"coords":{"lat":-12.5,"lon":18.5},"flag":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Flag_of_Angola.svg/160px-Flag_of_Angola.svg.png?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","prod":{"name":"Angola","rank":37,"tonnes":7584,"year":2024,"share":0.07},"gbif":null,"wd":null,"recipe":null,"inat":null,"cupping":null,"wcr":null},"bolivia":{"id":"bolivia","type":"origin","curated":false,"name":"Bolivia","title":"Coffee production in Bolivia","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coffee_production_in_Bolivia","desc":"","about":["Coffee production in Bolivia has had a long history in the country. Coffee is grown in regions of 800–2,300 metres (2,600–7,500 ft) above the sea level."],"thumb":"","photos":[],"coords":{"lat":-16.712,"lon":-64.666},"flag":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_Bolivia.svg/160px-Flag_of_Bolivia.svg.png?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","prod":{"name":"Bolivia","rank":29,"tonnes":23064,"year":2024,"share":0.2},"gbif":null,"wd":null,"recipe":null,"inat":null,"cupping":null,"wcr":null},"cameroon":{"id":"cameroon","type":"origin","curated":false,"name":"Cameroon","title":"Coffee production in Cameroon","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coffee_production_in_Cameroon","desc":"","about":["Coffee production is important to the economy of Cameroon. The crop is grown extensively in the country, with robusta more prevalent in the coastal areas and arabica more widespread in the western highlands. The two varieties of arabica cultivated are Java and Jamaïca of which only Java is resistant to pests such as coffee berry disease and rust. In 2014, Cameroon was ranked the 31st largest producer of coffee in world."],"thumb":"","photos":[],"coords":{"lat":6,"lon":12},"flag":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Flag_of_Cameroon.svg/160px-Flag_of_Cameroon.svg.png?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","prod":{"name":"Cameroon","rank":25,"tonnes":29774,"year":2024,"share":0.26},"gbif":null,"wd":null,"recipe":null,"inat":null,"cupping":null,"wcr":null},"cuba":{"id":"cuba","type":"origin","curated":false,"name":"Cuba","title":"Coffee production in Cuba","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coffee_production_in_Cuba","desc":"","about":["Coffee has been grown in Cuba since the mid-18th century. Boosted by French farmers fleeing the revolution in Haiti, coffee farms expanded from the western plains to the nearby mountain ranges. Coffee production in eastern Cuba significantly increased during the 19th and early 20th centuries. At its peak production, Cuba exported more than 20,000 metric tons (22,046 short tons) of coffee beans per year in the mid-1950s. After the Cuban Revolution and the nationalization of the coffee industry, coffee production slowly began to decline until it reached all time lows during the Great Recession. Once a major Cuban export, it now makes up an insignificant portion of Cuban trade. By the 21st century, 92 percent of the country's coffee was grown in area of the Sierra Maestra mountains. All Cuban coffee is exported by Cubaexport, which pays regulated prices to coffee growers and processors."],"thumb":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Cafe_cubano_de_la_marca_Cubita_Gourmet.JPG/500px-Cafe_cubano_de_la_marca_Cubita_Gourmet.JPG","photos":[{"file":"Cafe cubano de la marca Cubita Gourmet.JPG","src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Cafe_cubano_de_la_marca_Cubita_Gourmet.JPG/960px-Cafe_cubano_de_la_marca_Cubita_Gourmet.JPG","w":800,"h":584,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Cafe_cubano_de_la_marca_Cubita_Gourmet.JPG","author":"Ivan2010","license":"CC BY-SA 3.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0","caption":"Cuban coffee; \"Cubita Gourmet\"."},{"file":"Cuban coffee- 2013-04-05 14-30.jpg","src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Cuban_coffee-_2013-04-05_14-30.jpg/960px-Cuban_coffee-_2013-04-05_14-30.jpg","w":800,"h":1067,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Cuban_coffee-_2013-04-05_14-30.jpg","author":"User:Colinkb7","license":"CC BY-SA 3.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0","caption":"Cuban coffee"},{"file":"Vallée de Viñales-Café Robusta (3).jpg","src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Vall%C3%A9e_de_Vi%C3%B1ales-Caf%C3%A9_Robusta_%283%29.jpg/960px-Vall%C3%A9e_de_Vi%C3%B1ales-Caf%C3%A9_Robusta_%283%29.jpg","w":800,"h":600,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Vall%C3%A9e_de_Vi%C3%B1ales-Caf%C3%A9_Robusta_(3).jpg","author":"Ji-Elle","license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0","caption":"Plantation de café (Robusta) dans la vallée de Viñales (Cuba)"}],"coords":{"lat":22,"lon":-80},"flag":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Flag_of_Cuba.svg/160px-Flag_of_Cuba.svg.png?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","prod":{"name":"Cuba","rank":41,"tonnes":6000,"year":2024,"share":0.05},"gbif":null,"wd":null,"recipe":null,"inat":null,"cupping":null,"wcr":null},"democratic-republic-of-the-congo":{"id":"democratic-republic-of-the-congo","type":"origin","curated":false,"name":"Democratic Republic of the Congo","title":"Coffee production in Democratic Republic of the Congo","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coffee_production_in_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo","desc":"Coffee as an agricultural commodity in Democratic Republic of the Congo","about":["Coffee production in Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) is centered in the Lake Kivu provinces. There are about 11,000 coffee farmers in the country who produce two main species of coffee, Robusta and Arabica."],"thumb":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Problems_on_the_border_%286940585060%29.jpg/500px-Problems_on_the_border_%286940585060%29.jpg","photos":[{"file":"Problems on the border (6940585060).jpg","src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Problems_on_the_border_%286940585060%29.jpg/960px-Problems_on_the_border_%286940585060%29.jpg","w":800,"h":532,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Problems_on_the_border_(6940585060).jpg","author":"Oxfam East Africa","license":"CC BY 2.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0","caption":"They sell to Uganda because of lack of market options in Congo. “When we try and cross the border the armed men take the coffee or charge us money. We rely on c"},{"file":"StoryoftheCongoFreeState 258.jpg","src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/StoryoftheCongoFreeState_258.jpg/960px-StoryoftheCongoFreeState_258.jpg","w":800,"h":488,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:StoryoftheCongoFreeState_258.jpg","author":"Unknown authorUnknown author","license":"Public domain","licenseUrl":"","caption":"Coffee Plantation at Yalicombe (Oriental Province) - p. 258"},{"file":"StoryoftheCongoFreeState 398.jpg","src":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e4/StoryoftheCongoFreeState_398.jpg","w":800,"h":493,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:StoryoftheCongoFreeState_398.jpg","author":"Unknown authorUnknown author","license":"Public domain","licenseUrl":"","caption":"Coffee-Drying Grounds, Coquilhatville (Equateur) - p. 398"}],"coords":null,"flag":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Flag_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo.svg/160px-Flag_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo.svg.png?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","prod":{"name":"Democratic Republic of Congo","rank":18,"tonnes":65701,"year":2024,"share":0.58},"gbif":null,"wd":null,"recipe":null,"inat":null,"cupping":null,"wcr":null},"dominican-republic":{"id":"dominican-republic","type":"origin","curated":false,"name":"Dominican Republic","title":"Coffee production in the Dominican Republic","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coffee_production_in_the_Dominican_Republic","desc":"","about":["Coffee production in the Dominican Republic is based mainly in the mountain regions of the country, in the  highlands which form at least one-half of the area of Hispaniola. Introduced to the country in 1715, the Dominican Republic bean is larger and thicker than Martinique's. The major coffee variety grown in the country is Arabica (known internationally as “mild”). Robusta is also grown but only in about 1.3% of the land area; it is consumed locally."],"thumb":"","photos":[],"coords":{"lat":19,"lon":-70.66666667},"flag":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_the_Dominican_Republic.svg/160px-Flag_of_the_Dominican_Republic.svg.png?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","prod":{"name":"Dominican Republic","rank":28,"tonnes":24838,"year":2024,"share":0.22},"gbif":null,"wd":null,"recipe":null,"inat":null,"cupping":null,"wcr":null},"ecuador":{"id":"ecuador","type":"origin","curated":false,"name":"Ecuador","title":"Coffee production in Ecuador","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coffee_production_in_Ecuador","desc":"","about":["Coffee production in Ecuador is one of only 15 countries in the world that grows and exports both Arabica and Robusta coffee, the two main species of coffee produced and consumed in the world. Different ecosystems in Ecuador permit different coffee cultures to occur all over the country, including in the Galápagos Islands."],"thumb":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Ecuador_landscape_near_Ambato2.JPG/500px-Ecuador_landscape_near_Ambato2.JPG","photos":[{"file":"Ecuador landscape near Ambato2.JPG","src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Ecuador_landscape_near_Ambato2.JPG/960px-Ecuador_landscape_near_Ambato2.JPG","w":800,"h":600,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Ecuador_landscape_near_Ambato2.JPG","author":"Unknown","license":"CC BY-SA 3.0","licenseUrl":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/","caption":""},{"file":"Kohvioad suurelt.jpg","src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Kohvioad_suurelt.jpg/960px-Kohvioad_suurelt.jpg","w":800,"h":600,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Kohvioad_suurelt.jpg","author":"Unknown","license":"CC BY-SA 3.0","licenseUrl":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/","caption":""}],"coords":{"lat":-2,"lon":-77.5},"flag":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Flag_of_Ecuador.svg/160px-Flag_of_Ecuador.svg.png?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","prod":{"name":"Ecuador","rank":42,"tonnes":5465,"year":2024,"share":0.05},"gbif":null,"wd":null,"recipe":null,"inat":null,"cupping":null,"wcr":null},"el-salvador":{"id":"el-salvador","type":"origin","curated":false,"name":"El Salvador","title":"Coffee production in El Salvador","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coffee_production_in_El_Salvador","desc":"","about":["Coffee production in El Salvador has fueled the Salvadoran economy and shaped its history for more than a century. Rapidly growing in the 19th century, coffee in El Salvador has traditionally provided more than 50% of the country's export revenues, reaching a peak in 1980 with a revenue of more than $615 million. With the political and economic turmoil resulting from a civil war in the 1980s, the coffee industry has struggled to recover entirely, and by 1985 earned around $403 million from coffee.","Yields of green coffee, a Salvadoran specialty declined in absolute terms from 175,000 tons in 1979 to 141,000 tons in 1986; a 19 percent drop attributed directly to decreased levels of investment caused by the war. Since 2000, the industry has been greatly affected by increased competition from other countries on the world market, whose cheaper coffee beans have caused prices to plummet. As of 2002 coffee trading is only responsible for 3.5% of El Salvador's GNP and over 90% of El Salvador's coffee is grown in shade coffee plantations and around 80% of El Salvador's forests are associated with shade coffee plantations."],"thumb":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Arbetare_p%C3%A5_en_kaffeplantage_i_El_Salvador_1927_SLSA_1232-3_foto_14.jpg/500px-Arbetare_p%C3%A5_en_kaffeplantage_i_El_Salvador_1927_SLSA_1232-3_foto_14.jpg","photos":[{"file":"Arbetare på en kaffeplantage i El Salvador 1927 SLSA 1232-3 foto 14.jpg","src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Arbetare_p%C3%A5_en_kaffeplantage_i_El_Salvador_1927_SLSA_1232-3_foto_14.jpg/960px-Arbetare_p%C3%A5_en_kaffeplantage_i_El_Salvador_1927_SLSA_1232-3_foto_14.jpg","w":800,"h":463,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Arbetare_p%C3%A5_en_kaffeplantage_i_El_Salvador_1927_SLSA_1232-3_foto_14.jpg","author":"Eduard Paulig","license":"CC BY 4.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0","caption":"Arbetare på en kaffeplantage i El Salvador som väntar på utdelning av lönen i form av livsmedel. Bild tagen av Eduard Paulig."},{"file":"CiudadBarriosCoffee.jpg","src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/CiudadBarriosCoffee.jpg/960px-CiudadBarriosCoffee.jpg","w":800,"h":600,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:CiudadBarriosCoffee.jpg","author":"Sistemas Empresariales de Mesoamérica in association with USAID","license":"Public domain","licenseUrl":"","caption":"Members of the Ciudad Barrios Coffee Cooperative inspect coffee sacks in Cacahuatique, El Salvador"},{"file":"Coffee Processing in Ahuachapan, El Salvador.jpg","src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Coffee_Processing_in_Ahuachapan%2C_El_Salvador.jpg/960px-Coffee_Processing_in_Ahuachapan%2C_El_Salvador.jpg","w":800,"h":534,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Coffee_Processing_in_Ahuachapan,_El_Salvador.jpg","author":"The Cockroach","license":"CC BY 2.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0","caption":"Coffee in El Salvador"},{"file":"Dark roasted espresso blend coffee beans 2.jpg","src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Dark_roasted_espresso_blend_coffee_beans_2.jpg/960px-Dark_roasted_espresso_blend_coffee_beans_2.jpg","w":800,"h":1002,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Dark_roasted_espresso_blend_coffee_beans_2.jpg","author":"Ragesoss","license":"CC BY-SA 3.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0","caption":"A pile of coffee beans: Trader Joe's Organic Five Country Espresso Blend, a dark roast made of coffee from El Salvador, Guatemala, Mexico, Peru, and Sumatra."},{"file":"ElSalvadorfairtradecoffee.jpg","src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/ElSalvadorfairtradecoffee.jpg/960px-ElSalvadorfairtradecoffee.jpg","w":800,"h":503,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:ElSalvadorfairtradecoffee.jpg","author":"Adam C. Baker","license":"CC BY 2.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0","caption":"Fair trade Coffee growers in Tacuba in the Parque Nacional El Imposible, El Salvador"},{"file":"Salvadorcoffeegrower.jpg","src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Salvadorcoffeegrower.jpg/960px-Salvadorcoffeegrower.jpg","w":800,"h":1283,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Salvadorcoffeegrower.jpg","author":"Adam C. Baker","license":"CC BY 2.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0","caption":"Fair trade Coffee growers in Tacuba in the Parque Nacional El Imposible, El Salvador"}],"coords":{"lat":13.68333333,"lon":-89.18333333},"flag":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Flag_of_El_Salvador.svg/160px-Flag_of_El_Salvador.svg.png?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","prod":{"name":"El Salvador","rank":26,"tonnes":28488,"year":2024,"share":0.25},"gbif":null,"wd":null,"recipe":null,"inat":null,"cupping":{"n":21,"total":83.05,"aroma":7.67,"flavor":7.65,"aftertaste":7.57,"acidity":7.59,"body":7.61,"balance":7.71,"altitude":1350,"varieties":[["Bourbon",13],["Pacas",2],["Other",2]],"processing":[["Washed / Wet",15],["Semi-washed / Semi-pulped",1],["Natural / Dry",1]]},"wcr":null},"haiti":{"id":"haiti","type":"origin","curated":false,"name":"Haiti","title":"Coffee production in Haiti","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coffee_production_in_Haiti","desc":"","about":["Coffee production in Haiti has been important to its economy since the early 18th century, when the French brought the coffee plant to the colony, then known as Saint-Domingue. It has been a principal crop of Haiti ever since. Alongside sugar, coffee long formed the backbone of early Haiti's economy. At the present day, coffee has fallen behind both mango and cocoa in terms of export value."],"thumb":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Caf%C3%A9_Lakay.jpg/500px-Caf%C3%A9_Lakay.jpg","photos":[{"file":"Café Lakay.jpg","src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Caf%C3%A9_Lakay.jpg/960px-Caf%C3%A9_Lakay.jpg","w":800,"h":800,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Caf%C3%A9_Lakay.jpg","author":"Eddou Nation","license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0","caption":"Café lakay, est une institution Haïtiènne crée par Sandra Sinvry qu'est une Haïtienne dans le but de crée l'emploi en Haïti et de mettre en valeur l'agriculture"},{"file":"Coffee in Streets, Port-au-Prince (Haiti) (15466881157).jpg","src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Coffee_in_Streets%2C_Port-au-Prince_%28Haiti%29_%2815466881157%29.jpg/960px-Coffee_in_Streets%2C_Port-au-Prince_%28Haiti%29_%2815466881157%29.jpg","w":800,"h":499,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Coffee_in_Streets,_Port-au-Prince_(Haiti)_(15466881157).jpg","author":"Smithsonian Institution from United States","license":"No restrictions","licenseUrl":"https://www.flickr.com/commons/usage/","caption":"Creator: Watson Perrygo Local number: SIA2008-2466 Summary: The photograph documents Watson Perrygo's field work with Arthur J. Poole in Haiti. Dates: 1928-1929"},{"file":"Kafe peyi.jpg","src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Kafe_peyi.jpg/960px-Kafe_peyi.jpg","w":800,"h":533,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Kafe_peyi.jpg","author":"Ccini06","license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0","caption":"This is an image with the theme \"Home + Habitat in Africa\" from:"}],"coords":{"lat":19,"lon":-72.41666667},"flag":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Flag_of_Haiti.svg/160px-Flag_of_Haiti.svg.png?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","prod":{"name":"Haiti","rank":44,"tonnes":4371,"year":2024,"share":0.04},"gbif":null,"wd":null,"recipe":null,"inat":null,"cupping":{"n":6,"total":77.18,"aroma":7.15,"flavor":7,"aftertaste":7.11,"acidity":7.13,"body":7.28,"balance":7.06,"altitude":1000,"varieties":[["Typica",4],["Blue Mountain",1]],"processing":[["Washed / Wet",4],["Natural / Dry",1]]},"wcr":null},"ivory-coast":{"id":"ivory-coast","type":"origin","curated":false,"name":"Ivory Coast","title":"Coffee production in Ivory Coast","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coffee_production_in_Ivory_Coast","desc":"","about":["Coffee production in Ivory Coast is important for the economy of the country as coffee is the second largest export commodity of the country. It was the largest coffee producer in Africa in the 1970s and 1980s, and one of the largest robusta producers in the world. Today however, Ivorian coffee production has been far superseded by Vietnam and Brazil. It now ranks 14th in the world ranking."],"thumb":"","photos":[],"coords":{"lat":8,"lon":-5},"flag":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_C%C3%B4te_d%27Ivoire.svg/160px-Flag_of_C%C3%B4te_d%27Ivoire.svg.png?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","prod":{"name":"Cote d'Ivoire","rank":17,"tonnes":72133,"year":2024,"share":0.64},"gbif":null,"wd":null,"recipe":null,"inat":null,"cupping":null,"wcr":null},"laos":{"id":"laos","type":"origin","curated":false,"name":"Laos","title":"Coffee production in Laos","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coffee_production_in_Laos","desc":"","about":["Laos produces two main types of coffee: Robusta and Arabica. Robusta is mainly used for regular coffee as well as a typical coffee drink in Laos where it is sweetened with condensed milk. The latter, Arabica, is of a higher quality due to its mild taste, and it is used for espresso. For the 20,000 tons of coffee that Laos produces a year, 5,000 tons are Arabica beans and 15,000 tons are Robusta."],"thumb":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Coffee_Harvest_Laos.jpg/500px-Coffee_Harvest_Laos.jpg","photos":[{"file":"Coffee Harvest Laos.jpg","src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Coffee_Harvest_Laos.jpg/960px-Coffee_Harvest_Laos.jpg","w":800,"h":536,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Coffee_Harvest_Laos.jpg","author":"Thomas Schoch","license":"CC BY-SA 3.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0","caption":"Coffee harvest in Laos"}],"coords":{"lat":18,"lon":105},"flag":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Flag_of_Laos.svg/160px-Flag_of_Laos.svg.png?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","prod":{"name":"Laos","rank":13,"tonnes":174900,"year":2024,"share":1.55},"gbif":null,"wd":null,"recipe":null,"inat":null,"cupping":null,"wcr":null},"madagascar":{"id":"madagascar","type":"origin","curated":false,"name":"Madagascar","title":"Coffee production in Madagascar","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coffee_production_in_Madagascar","desc":"","about":["As of 2023, Madagascar was the 23rd-largest producer of coffee, producing 49,344 tonnes."],"thumb":"","photos":[],"coords":{"lat":-20,"lon":47},"flag":"","prod":{"name":"Madagascar","rank":23,"tonnes":49561,"year":2024,"share":0.44},"gbif":null,"wd":null,"recipe":null,"inat":null,"cupping":null,"wcr":null},"mexico":{"id":"mexico","type":"origin","curated":false,"name":"Mexico","title":"Coffee production in Mexico","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coffee_production_in_Mexico","desc":"","about":["Coffee production in Mexico is the world's eighth largest with 252,000 tonnes produced in 2009, and is mainly concentrated to the south central to southern regions of the country. The coffee is mainly arabica, which grows particularly well in the coastal region of Soconusco, Chiapas, near the border of Guatemala.","At the end of the 18th century, coffee came to Mexico from the Antilles, but was not exported in great quantities until the 1870s. During the 1980s, coffee became the country's most valuable export crop. Notable beans include Altura, Liquidambar MS and Pluma Coixtepec."],"thumb":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Coffee_Roasting.jpg/500px-Coffee_Roasting.jpg","photos":[{"file":"Coffee Roasting.jpg","src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Coffee_Roasting.jpg/960px-Coffee_Roasting.jpg","w":800,"h":590,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Coffee_Roasting.jpg","author":"Almonroth","license":"CC BY-SA 3.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0","caption":"Bag of unroasted coffee beans"}],"coords":{"lat":23,"lon":-102},"flag":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/160px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","prod":{"name":"Mexico","rank":12,"tonnes":194470,"year":2024,"share":1.72},"gbif":null,"wd":null,"recipe":null,"inat":null,"cupping":{"n":236,"total":80.89,"aroma":7.46,"flavor":7.38,"aftertaste":7.23,"acidity":7.43,"body":7.38,"balance":7.33,"altitude":1250,"varieties":[["Typica",137],["Bourbon",35],["Caturra",19]],"processing":[["Washed / Wet",198],["Natural / Dry",17],["Semi-washed / Semi-pulped",14]]},"wcr":null},"nicaragua":{"id":"nicaragua","type":"origin","curated":false,"name":"Nicaragua","title":"Coffee production in Nicaragua","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coffee_production_in_Nicaragua","desc":"","about":["Coffee production in Nicaragua has been an important part of its history and economy.  It is one of the country's principal products. The areas most suitable for the cultivation of coffee have been Managua Department, Diriamba, San Marcos, Jinotepe, as well as the vicinity of Granada Department, Lake Nicaragua, Chontales Department, and in Nueva Segovia; historically, the best coffee is produced in Matagalpa and in Jinotega. Most of the coffee was grown in Managua Department, but Matagalpa Department produced the best bean quality. The most convenient  altitude to grow coffee is 800 meters above the sea level."],"thumb":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Coffee_Plant_near_the_Quilal%C3%AD_-_San_Juan_del_R%C3%ADo_Coco_border.jpg/500px-Coffee_Plant_near_the_Quilal%C3%AD_-_San_Juan_del_R%C3%ADo_Coco_border.jpg","photos":[{"file":"Coffee Plant near the Quilalí - San Juan del Río Coco border.jpg","src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Coffee_Plant_near_the_Quilal%C3%AD_-_San_Juan_del_R%C3%ADo_Coco_border.jpg/960px-Coffee_Plant_near_the_Quilal%C3%AD_-_San_Juan_del_R%C3%ADo_Coco_border.jpg","w":800,"h":600,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Coffee_Plant_near_the_Quilal%C3%AD_-_San_Juan_del_R%C3%ADo_Coco_border.jpg","author":"Elizabeth Sampson","license":"CC BY-SA 3.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0","caption":"Coffee Plant near the Quilalí - San Juan del Río Coco border."}],"coords":{"lat":13,"lon":-85},"flag":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_Nicaragua.svg/160px-Flag_of_Nicaragua.svg.png?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","prod":null,"gbif":null,"wd":null,"recipe":null,"inat":null,"cupping":{"n":26,"total":80.46,"aroma":7.33,"flavor":7.32,"aftertaste":7.2,"acidity":7.27,"body":7.4,"balance":7.28,"altitude":1100,"varieties":[["Caturra",12],["Other",2],["Catuai",1]],"processing":[["Washed / Wet",11],["Natural / Dry",4],["Other",3]]},"wcr":null},"papua-new-guinea":{"id":"papua-new-guinea","type":"origin","curated":false,"name":"Papua New Guinea","title":"Coffee production in Papua New Guinea","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coffee_production_in_Papua_New_Guinea","desc":"","about":["Coffee production in Papua New Guinea is the country's second largest agricultural export, after oil palm, and employs approximately 2.5 million people. It accounts for approximately 1% of world production, according to the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD).","Coffee is the highest foreign exchange earner for Papua New Guinea, the majority of which is grown in the Eastern Highland Province, the Western Highland Province, and Simbu. With the industry not derived on a colonial plantation-based system, production is largely by small farmers with land holdings that grow as little as 20 trees per plot in \"coffee gardens\" alongside subsistence crops. Predominantly in isolated places, the product is mostly certified as \"organic coffee\"."],"thumb":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Macchiato_%28Papua_New_Guinea%29.jpg/500px-Macchiato_%28Papua_New_Guinea%29.jpg","photos":[{"file":"Doppio ristretto Chiang Mai.jpg","src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Doppio_ristretto_Chiang_Mai.jpg/960px-Doppio_ristretto_Chiang_Mai.jpg","w":800,"h":800,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Doppio_ristretto_Chiang_Mai.jpg","author":"Takeaway","license":"CC BY-SA 3.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0","caption":"A ristretto doppio in Chiang Mai, Thailand. The cup at the bottom of the image contains the first half, and the cup on the right contains the second half of a s"},{"file":"Macchiato (Papua New Guinea).jpg","src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Macchiato_%28Papua_New_Guinea%29.jpg/960px-Macchiato_%28Papua_New_Guinea%29.jpg","w":800,"h":1071,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Macchiato_(Papua_New_Guinea).jpg","author":"Salim","license":"CC BY-SA 2.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.0","caption":"Macchiato (Papua New Guinea)"},{"file":"Papua New Guinea raw arabica coffee beans.jpg","src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Papua_New_Guinea_raw_arabica_coffee_beans.jpg/960px-Papua_New_Guinea_raw_arabica_coffee_beans.jpg","w":800,"h":593,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Papua_New_Guinea_raw_arabica_coffee_beans.jpg","author":"Ella Marie","license":"CC BY 2.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0","caption":"Papua New Guinean coffee"}],"coords":{"lat":-6,"lon":147},"flag":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Flag_of_Papua_New_Guinea.svg/160px-Flag_of_Papua_New_Guinea.svg.png?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","prod":{"name":"Papua New Guinea","rank":22,"tonnes":50400,"year":2024,"share":0.45},"gbif":null,"wd":null,"recipe":null,"inat":null,"cupping":null,"wcr":null},"paraguay":{"id":"paraguay","type":"origin","curated":false,"name":"Paraguay","title":"Coffee production in Paraguay","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coffee_production_in_Paraguay","desc":"Agricultural industry","about":["The production of coffee in Paraguay began in the late 19th century. Plantations were known at that time near Asunción and Limpio."],"thumb":"","photos":[],"coords":{"lat":-23,"lon":-58},"flag":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_Paraguay.svg/160px-Flag_of_Paraguay.svg.png?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","prod":{"name":"Paraguay","rank":61,"tonnes":363,"year":2024,"share":0},"gbif":null,"wd":null,"recipe":null,"inat":null,"cupping":null,"wcr":null},"peru":{"id":"peru","type":"origin","curated":false,"name":"Peru","title":"Coffee production in Peru","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coffee_production_in_Peru","desc":"","about":["Peru is one of the top 20 coffee producers in the world as of 2014. It ranks fifth in the export of Arabica in the world market."],"thumb":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Medici%C3%B3n8.jpg/500px-Medici%C3%B3n8.jpg","photos":[{"file":"Medición8.jpg","src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Medici%C3%B3n8.jpg/960px-Medici%C3%B3n8.jpg","w":800,"h":600,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Medici%C3%B3n8.jpg","author":"Jorge Mattos","license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0","caption":"Suivi du carbone dans une plantation de café au Pérou (technologie Field-Map[1]."},{"file":"Coffee plantations in Peru.jpg","src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Coffee_plantations_in_Peru.jpg/960px-Coffee_plantations_in_Peru.jpg","w":800,"h":1067,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Coffee_plantations_in_Peru.jpg","author":"Kızıldeniz","license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0","caption":"A coffee plantation and local in the Piura region of Peru."},{"file":"Peruvian Coffee Beans.jpg","src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Peruvian_Coffee_Beans.jpg/960px-Peruvian_Coffee_Beans.jpg","w":800,"h":533,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Peruvian_Coffee_Beans.jpg","author":"Annerella","license":"CC BY-SA 3.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0","caption":"Coffee owned by Terra Nera"}],"coords":{"lat":-10,"lon":-76},"flag":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Flag_of_Peru.svg/160px-Flag_of_Peru.svg.png?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","prod":{"name":"Peru","rank":8,"tonnes":358994,"year":2024,"share":3.18},"gbif":null,"wd":null,"recipe":null,"inat":null,"cupping":{"n":10,"total":82.53,"aroma":7.69,"flavor":7.66,"aftertaste":7.54,"acidity":7.7,"body":7.8,"balance":7.67,"altitude":1400,"varieties":[["Other",1],["Typica",1],["Caturra",1]],"processing":[["Washed / Wet",8]]},"wcr":null},"philippines":{"id":"philippines","type":"origin","curated":false,"name":"Philippines","title":"Coffee production in the Philippines","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coffee_production_in_the_Philippines","desc":"","about":["Coffee is an important agricultural product in the Philippines, and is one of the Philippines' most important export products aside from being in high demand in the country's local consumer market.","The Philippines is one of the few countries that produce the four main viable coffee varieties; Arabica, Liberica (Barako), Excelsa and Robusta. 90 percent of coffee produced in the country is Robusta. There have been efforts to revitalize the coffee industry.","As of 2014, the Philippines produces 25,000 metric tons of coffee and is ranked 110th in terms of output. However local demand for coffee is high with 100,000 metric tons of coffee consumed in the country per year.","Coffee was said to have been introduced in the Philippines around 1696 when the Dutch introduced coffee in the islands. It was once a major industry in the Philippines, which by the 1800s was the fourth largest coffee producing nation.","However, Islamic culture has been pervaded by coffee drinkers from the 1500s. And with the close ties of the Philippines to the Islamic World since the 12th century, it would not be impossible to speculate that coffee has been in the Philippines before the Dutch \"introduced\" it."],"thumb":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/ac/Liberica_coffee_beans%2C_roasted.jpg","photos":[{"file":"Liberica coffee beans, roasted.jpg","src":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/ac/Liberica_coffee_beans%2C_roasted.jpg","w":800,"h":764,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Liberica_coffee_beans,_roasted.jpg","author":"HaztechGuy","license":"CC BY 3.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0","caption":"This picture shows distinctive shape variations of Liberica coffee beans. These are coffee beans from Mindora, an island in the Phillipines near Luzon. Liberica"}],"coords":{"lat":13,"lon":122},"flag":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/160px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","prod":{"name":"Philippines","rank":19,"tonnes":64000,"year":2024,"share":0.57},"gbif":null,"wd":null,"recipe":null,"inat":null,"cupping":{"n":5,"total":80.83,"aroma":7.36,"flavor":7.23,"aftertaste":7.3,"acidity":7.27,"body":7.3,"balance":7.4,"altitude":1200,"varieties":[["Other",3],["Typica",1]],"processing":[["Washed / Wet",4],["Natural / Dry",1]]},"wcr":null},"puerto-rico":{"id":"puerto-rico","type":"origin","curated":false,"name":"Puerto Rico","title":"Coffee production in Puerto Rico","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coffee_production_in_Puerto_Rico","desc":"Aspect of the economy of Puerto Rico","about":["Coffee production in Puerto Rico has a checkered history between the 18th century and the present. Output peaked during the Spanish colonial rule but slumped when the autonomous island was ceded by Spain to  the United States in 1898 and the devaluation of the Puerto Rican Peso forced Puerto Ricans to sell their land and become wage laborers instead. In recent years, the gourmet coffee trade has grown exponentially  with many of the traditional coffee haciendas of the Spanish colonial period being revived. Puerto Rican coffee is characterized as smooth and sweet."],"thumb":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Farm_in_Adjuntas.jpg/500px-Farm_in_Adjuntas.jpg","photos":[{"file":"Farm in Adjuntas.jpg","src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Farm_in_Adjuntas.jpg/960px-Farm_in_Adjuntas.jpg","w":800,"h":600,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Farm_in_Adjuntas.jpg","author":"Oquendo from Freeport, NY","license":"CC BY 2.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0","caption":"Coffee and banana farm in Adjuntas Puerto Rico."},{"file":"IHC corn picker, Story County, Iowa, 2011.jpg","src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/IHC_corn_picker%2C_Story_County%2C_Iowa%2C_2011.jpg/960px-IHC_corn_picker%2C_Story_County%2C_Iowa%2C_2011.jpg","w":800,"h":532,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:IHC_corn_picker,_Story_County,_Iowa,_2011.jpg","author":"Carl Wycoff","license":"CC BY 2.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0","caption":"A farmer using an old school IHC corn picker and trailer, Story County, Iowa, USA."},{"file":"Yauco, Puerto Rico. In the slum area of the coffee town.jpg","src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Yauco%2C_Puerto_Rico._In_the_slum_area_of_the_coffee_town.jpg/960px-Yauco%2C_Puerto_Rico._In_the_slum_area_of_the_coffee_town.jpg","w":800,"h":620,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Yauco,_Puerto_Rico._In_the_slum_area_of_the_coffee_town.jpg","author":"Delano, Jack, 1914-1997, photographer","license":"CC0","licenseUrl":"http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/deed.en","caption":"Slum area in coffee town Yauco"}],"coords":{"lat":18.21666667,"lon":-66.5},"flag":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Flag_of_Puerto_Rico.svg/160px-Flag_of_Puerto_Rico.svg.png?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","prod":{"name":"Puerto Rico","rank":57,"tonnes":636,"year":2024,"share":0.01},"gbif":null,"wd":null,"recipe":null,"inat":null,"cupping":null,"wcr":null},"sri-lanka":{"id":"sri-lanka","type":"origin","curated":false,"name":"Sri Lanka","title":"Coffee production in Sri Lanka","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coffee_production_in_Sri_Lanka","desc":"","about":["Coffee production in Sri Lanka peaked in 1870, with over 111,400 hectares (275,000 acres) being cultivated. The Dutch had experimented with coffee cultivation in the 18th century. Still, it was not successful until the British began large-scale commercial production following the Colebrooke–Cameron Commission reforms of 1833. By 1860, the country was amongst the major coffee-producing nations in the world. Although coffee production remains a source of revenue, it is no longer a main economic sector. In 2014, the country ranked 43rd-largest coffee producer in the world."],"thumb":"","photos":[],"coords":{"lat":7,"lon":81},"flag":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Sri_Lanka.svg/160px-Flag_of_Sri_Lanka.svg.png?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","prod":{"name":"Sri Lanka","rank":43,"tonnes":5117,"year":2024,"share":0.05},"gbif":null,"wd":null,"recipe":null,"inat":null,"cupping":null,"wcr":null},"tanzania":{"id":"tanzania","type":"origin","curated":false,"name":"Tanzania","title":"Coffee production in Tanzania","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coffee_production_in_Tanzania","desc":"","about":["Coffee production in Tanzania is a significant aspect of its economy as it is Tanzania's largest export crop. Tanzanian coffee production averages between 30,000 and 40,000 metric tons annually of which approximately 70% is Arabica and 30% is Robusta.","The nine main growing regions of Arabica are in:","The main growing region of Robusta are Kyerwa and Karagwe areas of the Kagera Region. Two new species were found recently in Tanzania's Eastern Arc Mountains, Coffea bridsoniae and C. kihansiensis. Harvest time is traditionally October to February. Ninety percent of the nation's coffee farms are smallholder, with the remainder being plantations. The industry estimates are approximately 270,000 personnel involved in the coffee industry.","Before 1990, the State coffee board and the cooperative unions were responsible for marketing coffee. Reforms in 1990 and in 1994–95 affected export pricing. Coffee wilt disease appeared in Tanzania in 1997, spreading rapidly and causing serious losses."],"thumb":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Coffee_plantation_in_Tanzania.jpg/500px-Coffee_plantation_in_Tanzania.jpg","photos":[{"file":"Coffee plantation in Tanzania.jpg","src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Coffee_plantation_in_Tanzania.jpg/960px-Coffee_plantation_in_Tanzania.jpg","w":800,"h":533,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Coffee_plantation_in_Tanzania.jpg","author":"rjones0856","license":"CC BY 2.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0","caption":"Coffee growing on Gibb's farm, in Karatu, Arusha, Tanzania"},{"file":"Molitura del caffè a Marangu, Regione del Kilimangiaro, Tanzania.JPG","src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Molitura_del_caff%C3%A8_a_Marangu%2C_Regione_del_Kilimangiaro%2C_Tanzania.JPG/960px-Molitura_del_caff%C3%A8_a_Marangu%2C_Regione_del_Kilimangiaro%2C_Tanzania.JPG","w":800,"h":600,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Molitura_del_caff%C3%A8_a_Marangu,_Regione_del_Kilimangiaro,_Tanzania.JPG","author":"Pequod76","license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0","caption":"This is an image of food from"},{"file":"Red coffee beans.jpg","src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Red_coffee_beans.jpg/960px-Red_coffee_beans.jpg","w":800,"h":600,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Red_coffee_beans.jpg","author":"Megillionvoices","license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0","caption":"This is an image of food from"},{"file":"Arabica coffee output by region tanzania.png","src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Arabica_coffee_output_by_region_tanzania.png/960px-Arabica_coffee_output_by_region_tanzania.png","w":800,"h":443,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Arabica_coffee_output_by_region_tanzania.png","author":"Munguibariki","license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0","caption":"Arabica Coffee exports in Tanzania by region."},{"file":"Coffee zones of tanzania.png","src":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fc/Coffee_zones_of_tanzania.png","w":800,"h":719,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Coffee_zones_of_tanzania.png","author":"Munguibariki","license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0","caption":"Map of Coffee zones of Tanzania by Bean type."},{"file":"Total coffee output by bean type in Tanzania.png","src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Total_coffee_output_by_bean_type_in_Tanzania.png/960px-Total_coffee_output_by_bean_type_in_Tanzania.png","w":800,"h":443,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Total_coffee_output_by_bean_type_in_Tanzania.png","author":"Munguibariki","license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0","caption":"Total coffee output by bean type Arabica vs Robusta in Tanzania"}],"coords":{"lat":-6,"lon":35},"flag":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Flag_of_Tanzania.svg/160px-Flag_of_Tanzania.svg.png?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","prod":{"name":"Tanzania","rank":16,"tonnes":77417,"year":2024,"share":0.69},"gbif":null,"wd":null,"recipe":null,"inat":null,"cupping":{"n":40,"total":82.37,"aroma":7.57,"flavor":7.43,"aftertaste":7.42,"acidity":7.5,"body":7.48,"balance":7.47,"altitude":1600,"varieties":[["Other",26],["Bourbon",9],["Ruiru 11",2]],"processing":[["Washed / Wet",37],["Natural / Dry",1],["Semi-washed / Semi-pulped",1]]},"wcr":null},"thailand":{"id":"thailand","type":"origin","curated":false,"name":"Thailand","title":"Coffee production in Thailand","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coffee_production_in_Thailand","desc":"","about":["Thailand (formerly Siam) is one of the top 25 coffee producers in the world as of 2014, but its status as a coffee origin has not been widely known. Thailand traditionally produced mainly Robusta for industrial use, but the country has quickly become an exciting emerging origin for specialty Arabica and fine Robusta coffees. The origin is unique in that it exports very little coffee and most of the consumption remains in the country. There is a booming specialty coffee ecosystem where farmers, roasters, cafes and consumers symbiotically co-exist. It is often seen as an example of a working coffee ecosystem for an origin where coffee produced is sustainable from both economic and environmental perspectives."],"thumb":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/DoiChang3.jpg/500px-DoiChang3.jpg","photos":[{"file":"DoiChang3.jpg","src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/DoiChang3.jpg/960px-DoiChang3.jpg","w":800,"h":532,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:DoiChang3.jpg","author":"LannaPhoto","license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0","caption":"The name of “Barn Doi Chang” is named after the shape of the mountains where it is located which has the shape which looks like a mother and a calf of elephants"},{"file":"Maejantai Chiang Rai province 04.JPG","src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Maejantai_Chiang_Rai_province_04.JPG/960px-Maejantai_Chiang_Rai_province_04.JPG","w":800,"h":514,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Maejantai_Chiang_Rai_province_04.JPG","author":"Takeaway","license":"CC BY-SA 3.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0","caption":"A coffee plant nursery in Maejantai village, Chiang Rai province, The coffee plants are of the Arabica Catuia variety."}],"coords":{"lat":15,"lon":101},"flag":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_Thailand.svg/160px-Flag_of_Thailand.svg.png?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","prod":{"name":"Thailand","rank":32,"tonnes":16623,"year":2024,"share":0.15},"gbif":null,"wd":null,"recipe":null,"inat":null,"cupping":{"n":32,"total":82.57,"aroma":7.48,"flavor":7.53,"aftertaste":7.47,"acidity":7.6,"body":7.55,"balance":7.52,"altitude":1200,"varieties":[["Caturra",6],["Catimor",3],["Peaberry",3]],"processing":[["Washed / Wet",18],["Natural / Dry",2],["Pulped natural / honey",1]]},"wcr":null},"timor-leste":{"id":"timor-leste","type":"origin","curated":false,"name":"Timor-Leste","title":"Coffee industry of Timor-Leste","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coffee_industry_of_Timor-Leste","desc":"","about":["Coffee is the largest non-oil export of Timor-Leste (East Timor). Since the introduction of coffee by the Portuguese in the 1800s, the industry contributes a sizeable portion of the country's employment and investment and is a major source of income for rural communities. The industry is vulnerable to global coffee price fluctuation, deficient infrastructure, and lack of capital."],"thumb":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/14736-coffee-farmers-pic-fotor.jpg/500px-14736-coffee-farmers-pic-fotor.jpg","photos":[{"file":"14736-coffee-farmers-pic-fotor.jpg","src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/14736-coffee-farmers-pic-fotor.jpg/960px-14736-coffee-farmers-pic-fotor.jpg","w":800,"h":450,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:14736-coffee-farmers-pic-fotor.jpg","author":"Tbwiki99","license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0","caption":"ADB grant beneficiaries"},{"file":"Dili to Baucau - ADB.jpg","src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Dili_to_Baucau_-_ADB.jpg/960px-Dili_to_Baucau_-_ADB.jpg","w":800,"h":533,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Dili_to_Baucau_-_ADB.jpg","author":"Tbwiki99","license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0","caption":"Work being completed on the ADB granted Dili to Baucau Highway Project"},{"file":"East timor coffee.jpg","src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/East_timor_coffee.jpg/960px-East_timor_coffee.jpg","w":800,"h":1067,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:East_timor_coffee.jpg","author":"Tbwiki99","license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0","caption":"Timorese coffee workers"}],"coords":{"lat":-8.55,"lon":125.56},"flag":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Flag_of_East_Timor.svg/160px-Flag_of_East_Timor.svg.png?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","prod":{"name":"East Timor","rank":34,"tonnes":9523,"year":2024,"share":0.08},"gbif":null,"wd":null,"recipe":null,"inat":null,"cupping":null,"wcr":null},"uganda":{"id":"uganda","type":"origin","curated":false,"name":"Uganda","title":"Coffee production in Uganda","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coffee_production_in_Uganda","desc":"","about":["Coffee is Uganda's top-earning export crop. In 1989 Uganda's coffee production capacity exceeded its quota of 2.3 million bags, but export volumes were still diminished by economic and security problems, and large amounts of coffee beans were still being smuggled out of Uganda for sale in neighbouring countries. Uganda is one of the few countries in the world with indigenous coffee, with Robusta coffee growing wild around Lake Victoria.","Some coffee farmers cultivated cocoa trees on land already producing robusta coffee. Cocoa production declined in the 1970s and 1980s, however, and market conditions discouraged international investors from viewing it as a potential counterweight to Uganda's reliance on coffee exports. Locally produced cocoa was of high quality, however, and the government continued to seek ways to rehabilitate the industry. Coffee production remained low during the late 1980s, rising from 1,000 tons in 1986 to only 5,000 tons in 1989. The Uganda Coffee Development Authority was formed in 1991 by government decree, in line with the liberalization of the coffee industry.","Robusta coffee grows natively in the Kampala forest area and the Lake Victoria Crescent. From 1999 to 2002 an effort was made to commercialize this coffee as a premium consumer brand, emulating and extending the success of shade grown in Central America. The Kibale Wild Coffee Project, an initiative that involved international organizations such as the World Bank and United States Agency for International Development, aimed to implement sustainable harvest of coffee from Uganda's natural reserves and guarantee compensation for all workers involved in the harvest. Revenue from the coffee production was intended to finance conservation management activities."],"thumb":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Coffee_berries_on_a_branch.JPG/500px-Coffee_berries_on_a_branch.JPG","photos":[{"file":"Coffee berries on a branch.JPG","src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Coffee_berries_on_a_branch.JPG/960px-Coffee_berries_on_a_branch.JPG","w":800,"h":600,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Coffee_berries_on_a_branch.JPG","author":"Erinamukuta","license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0","caption":"This is an image of food from"},{"file":"Coffee husks.JPG","src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Coffee_husks.JPG/960px-Coffee_husks.JPG","w":800,"h":600,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Coffee_husks.JPG","author":"Erinamukuta","license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0","caption":"This is an image of food from"},{"file":"Dried coffee beans.JPG","src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Dried_coffee_beans.JPG/960px-Dried_coffee_beans.JPG","w":800,"h":600,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Dried_coffee_beans.JPG","author":"Erinamukuta","license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0","caption":"This is an image of food from"},{"file":"Packing coffee.JPG","src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Packing_coffee.JPG/960px-Packing_coffee.JPG","w":800,"h":600,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Packing_coffee.JPG","author":"Erinamukuta","license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0","caption":"This is an image of food from"},{"file":"Pulping coffee mbale.JPG","src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Pulping_coffee_mbale.JPG/960px-Pulping_coffee_mbale.JPG","w":800,"h":600,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Pulping_coffee_mbale.JPG","author":"Erinamukuta","license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0","caption":"This is an image of food from"},{"file":"Red coffee berries.JPG","src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Red_coffee_berries.JPG/960px-Red_coffee_berries.JPG","w":800,"h":450,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Red_coffee_berries.JPG","author":"Erinamukuta","license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0","caption":"This is an image of food from"},{"file":"Shade Trees.JPG","src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Shade_Trees.JPG/960px-Shade_Trees.JPG","w":800,"h":600,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Shade_Trees.JPG","author":"Erinamukuta","license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0","caption":"Shade Trees"},{"file":"Sorting by hand picking.JPG","src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Sorting_by_hand_picking.JPG/960px-Sorting_by_hand_picking.JPG","w":800,"h":600,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Sorting_by_hand_picking.JPG","author":"Erinamukuta","license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0","caption":"This is an image of food from"}],"coords":{"lat":1,"lon":32},"flag":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Flag_of_Uganda.svg/160px-Flag_of_Uganda.svg.png?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","prod":{"name":"Uganda","rank":6,"tonnes":402000,"year":2024,"share":3.56},"gbif":null,"wd":null,"recipe":null,"inat":null,"cupping":{"n":36,"total":83.45,"aroma":5.71,"flavor":7.75,"aftertaste":7.62,"acidity":5.57,"body":5.55,"balance":7.66,"altitude":1650,"varieties":[["SL14",17],["Other",5],["Bourbon",3]],"processing":[["Washed / Wet",18],["Natural / Dry",7],["Semi-washed / Semi-pulped",1]]},"wcr":null},"venezuela":{"id":"venezuela","type":"origin","curated":false,"name":"Venezuela","title":"Coffee production in Venezuela","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coffee_production_in_Venezuela","desc":"","about":["Coffee production in Venezuela began in the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries in the premontane region of the Andes Mountains. José Gumilla, a Jesuit priest, is credited with introducing coffee into Venezuela, in 1732. Its production is attributed to the large demand for the product, coupled with cheap labour and low land costs. It was first exported to Brazil. Coffee production in Venezuela led to the \"complex migration\" of people to this region in the late nineteenth century. Though Venezuela was ranked close to Colombia at one time in coffee production, by 2001, it produced less than one percent of the world's coffee."],"thumb":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Cafeto.JPG/500px-Cafeto.JPG","photos":[{"file":"Cafeto.JPG","src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Cafeto.JPG/960px-Cafeto.JPG","w":800,"h":600,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Cafeto.JPG","author":"Fev","license":"Public domain","licenseUrl":"","caption":"A coffee tree along a fence from a cattle hacienda, Serranía del Interior, near San Juan de los Morros, Venezuela"},{"file":"Coffee farm with the surrounding mountains.jpg","src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Coffee_farm_with_the_surrounding_mountains.jpg/960px-Coffee_farm_with_the_surrounding_mountains.jpg","w":800,"h":534,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Coffee_farm_with_the_surrounding_mountains.jpg","author":"Matthias Kirsch","license":"CC BY-SA 2.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.0","caption":"Coffee farm"},{"file":"José Gumilla S.XVIII 000.jpg","src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Jos%C3%A9_Gumilla_S.XVIII_000.jpg/960px-Jos%C3%A9_Gumilla_S.XVIII_000.jpg","w":800,"h":1057,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Jos%C3%A9_Gumilla_S.XVIII_000.jpg","author":"Anónimo (siglo XVIII)","license":"Public domain","licenseUrl":"","caption":"Anónimo: padre José Gumilla. siglo XVIII. Óleo/Tela"},{"file":"Kaffeeproduktion Venezuela.JPG","src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Kaffeeproduktion_Venezuela.JPG/960px-Kaffeeproduktion_Venezuela.JPG","w":800,"h":600,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Kaffeeproduktion_Venezuela.JPG","author":"Anagoria","license":"CC BY 3.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0","caption":"Coffee production in Venezuela"},{"file":"Share me.jpg","src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Share_me.jpg/960px-Share_me.jpg","w":800,"h":508,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Share_me.jpg","author":"Wilfredor","license":"CC0","licenseUrl":"http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/deed.en","caption":"A man sharing a cup of coffee with one in the center of Maracaibo, both are vegetable sellers"},{"file":"View from the coffee farm.jpg","src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/View_from_the_coffee_farm.jpg/960px-View_from_the_coffee_farm.jpg","w":800,"h":534,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:View_from_the_coffee_farm.jpg","author":"Matthias Kirsch","license":"CC BY-SA 2.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.0","caption":"Coffee plantation with view of hills"}],"coords":{"lat":7,"lon":-65},"flag":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Flag_of_Venezuela.svg/160px-Flag_of_Venezuela.svg.png?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","prod":{"name":"Venezuela","rank":21,"tonnes":58268,"year":2024,"share":0.52},"gbif":null,"wd":null,"recipe":null,"inat":null,"cupping":null,"wcr":null},"chorreador":{"id":"chorreador","type":"brew","curated":false,"name":"Chorreador","title":"Chorreador","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chorreador","desc":"Coffee-making device in Costa Rica","about":["A chorreador is a coffee making device used in Costa Rica in which hot water leaches through coffee grounds held in a cloth filter mounted on a wooden stand, then drips into a container."],"thumb":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1d/Chorreador.jpg","photos":[{"file":"Chorreador.jpg","src":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1d/Chorreador.jpg","w":800,"h":1067,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Chorreador.jpg","author":"Sharalds","license":"Public domain","licenseUrl":"","caption":"A photo of a Costan Rican chorreador drip coffee maker."}],"coords":null,"flag":"","prod":null,"gbif":null,"wd":null,"recipe":null,"inat":null,"cupping":null,"wcr":null},"coffee-percolator":{"id":"coffee-percolator","type":"brew","curated":false,"name":"Coffee percolator","title":"Coffee percolator","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coffee_percolator","desc":"Coffee brewing device","about":["A coffee percolator is a type of pot used for the brewing of coffee by continually cycling the boiling or nearly boiling brew through the grounds using gravity until the required strength is reached.","The grounds are held in a perforated metal filter basket.","Coffee percolators once enjoyed great popularity, but were supplanted in the early 1970s by automatic drip-brew coffeemakers.","Percolators often expose the grounds to higher temperatures than other brewing methods, and may recirculate already brewed coffee through the beans.","As a result, coffee brewed with a percolator is particularly susceptible to overextraction.","However, percolator enthusiasts maintain that the potential pitfalls of this brewing method can be eliminated by careful control of the brewing procedures."],"thumb":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Perkulator.jpg/500px-Perkulator.jpg","photos":[{"file":"Perkulator.jpg","src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Perkulator.jpg/960px-Perkulator.jpg","w":800,"h":1067,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Perkulator.jpg","author":"Andreaze","license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0","caption":"Perkulator"},{"file":"Aromator (Urnenform).JPG","src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Aromator_%28Urnenform%29.JPG/960px-Aromator_%28Urnenform%29.JPG","w":800,"h":600,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Aromator_(Urnenform).JPG","author":"Rote Fingur","license":"CC BY-SA 3.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0","caption":"Deutsche elektrische Filterkaffeemaschiene aus Porzellan. Im Inneren befindet sich über einem elektrischen Heizelement ein Steigrohr und ein Kaffeefilter"},{"file":"Perkulator2.jpg","src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Perkulator2.jpg/960px-Perkulator2.jpg","w":800,"h":1067,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Perkulator2.jpg","author":"Andreaze","license":"Public domain","licenseUrl":"","caption":"Perkulator med tillbehör"}],"coords":null,"flag":"","prod":null,"gbif":null,"wd":null,"recipe":null,"inat":null,"cupping":null,"wcr":null},"cowboy-coffee":{"id":"cowboy-coffee","type":"brew","curated":false,"name":"Coffee preparation","title":"Coffee preparation","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coffee_preparation","desc":"Process of turning coffee beans into a beverage","about":["Coffee preparation is the process of making liquid coffee using coffee beans. While the particular steps vary with the type of coffee and with the raw materials, the process includes four basic steps: raw coffee beans must be roasted, the roasted coffee beans must then be ground, and the ground coffee must then be mixed with hot or cold water (depending on the method of brewing) for a specific time (brewed), the liquid coffee extraction must be separated from the used grounds, and finally, if desired, the extracted coffee is combined with other elements of the desired beverage, such as sweeteners, dairy products, dairy alternatives, or toppings (such as shaved chocolate).","Key variables in coffee preparation include grind size, water temperature, brew time, and the ratio of coffee to water, all of which influence extraction and flavour.","Coffee is usually brewed hot, at close to the boiling point of water, immediately before drinking; if not consumed promptly, coffee is often sealed into a vacuum flask or insulated bottle to maintain its temperature.","In most areas, coffee may be purchased unprocessed, or already roasted, or already roasted and ground. Whole roast coffee or ground coffee is often vacuum-packed to prevent oxidation and lengthen its shelf life. Especially in hot climates, some find cold or iced coffee more refreshing. This can be prepared well in advance as it maintains its character when stored cold better than as a hot beverage."],"thumb":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Coffee-IMG_7048-white.jpg/500px-Coffee-IMG_7048-white.jpg","photos":[{"file":"Coffee-IMG 7048-white.jpg","src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Coffee-IMG_7048-white.jpg/960px-Coffee-IMG_7048-white.jpg","w":800,"h":800,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Coffee-IMG_7048-white.jpg","author":"Rama","license":"CC BY-SA 2.0 fr","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.0/fr/deed.en","caption":"Coffee grinder"},{"file":"Coffee burr grinder.jpg","src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Coffee_burr_grinder.jpg/960px-Coffee_burr_grinder.jpg","w":800,"h":708,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Coffee_burr_grinder.jpg","author":"Hustvedt","license":"CC BY-SA 3.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0","caption":"A detail view of a coffee burr grinder. The bean hopper has been removed, which would be immediately above this grinder"},{"file":"Coffee pot fountain.jpg","src":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0e/Coffee_pot_fountain.jpg","w":800,"h":800,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Coffee_pot_fountain.jpg","author":"Ralf Junghanns","license":"Public domain","licenseUrl":"","caption":"Coffee pot fountain version"},{"file":"Coffee pot moka.jpg","src":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c1/Coffee_pot_moka.jpg","w":800,"h":858,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Coffee_pot_moka.jpg","author":"Einar Faanes","license":"CC BY-SA 3.0","licenseUrl":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/","caption":"Coffee pot which makes moka coffee"},{"file":"Disassembled South Indian coffee filter.jpg","src":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7a/Disassembled_South_Indian_coffee_filter.jpg","w":800,"h":601,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Disassembled_South_Indian_coffee_filter.jpg","author":"en:User:Cheeni","license":"CC BY-SA 3.0","licenseUrl":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/","caption":"Disassembled South Indian coffee filter. Originally uploaded by en:User:Cheeni to en:Image:Empty filter.jpg on 22 October 2004"},{"file":"Disassembled drip-o-lator IMG 1141.jpg","src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Disassembled_drip-o-lator_IMG_1141.jpg/960px-Disassembled_drip-o-lator_IMG_1141.jpg","w":800,"h":1067,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Disassembled_drip-o-lator_IMG_1141.jpg","author":"Horst59","license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0","caption":"Disassembled, generic, metal drip-o-lator"},{"file":"EMPOT - Prinzip.jpg","src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/EMPOT_-_Prinzip.jpg/960px-EMPOT_-_Prinzip.jpg","w":800,"h":248,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:EMPOT_-_Prinzip.jpg","author":"Genusslebewesen","license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0","caption":"EMPOT - Prinzip"},{"file":"Electric coffeegrinder.JPG","src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Electric_coffeegrinder.JPG/960px-Electric_coffeegrinder.JPG","w":800,"h":708,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Electric_coffeegrinder.JPG","author":"KVDP (talk)","license":"Public domain","licenseUrl":"","caption":"An electrical coffee grinder, from Krups (designed specifically for coffee beans, aldough the owner uses it for chopping twigs/teatwigs and tealeaves for making"}],"coords":null,"flag":"","prod":null,"gbif":null,"wd":null,"recipe":null,"inat":null,"cupping":null,"wcr":null},"drip-coffee":{"id":"drip-coffee","type":"brew","curated":false,"name":"Drip coffee","title":"Drip coffee","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drip_coffee","desc":"Drink made by pouring hot water onto ground coffee beans","about":["Drip coffee is made by pouring hot water onto ground coffee beans, allowing it to brew while seeping through. There are several methods for doing this, including using a filter. Terms used for the resulting coffee often reflect the method used, such as drip-brewed coffee, or, somewhat inaccurately, filtered coffee in general. Manually brewed drip coffee is typically referred to as pour-over coffee. Water seeps through the ground coffee, absorbing its constituent chemical compounds, and then passes through a filter. The used coffee grounds are retained in the filter, while the brewed coffee is collected in a vessel such as a carafe or pot."],"thumb":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Cafeti%C3%A8re_orange_-_gauche.jpg/500px-Cafeti%C3%A8re_orange_-_gauche.jpg","photos":[{"file":"Cafetière orange - gauche.jpg","src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Cafeti%C3%A8re_orange_-_gauche.jpg/960px-Cafeti%C3%A8re_orange_-_gauche.jpg","w":800,"h":1208,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Cafeti%C3%A8re_orange_-_gauche.jpg","author":"Clément Bucco-Lechat","license":"CC BY-SA 3.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0","caption":"Cafetière orange"},{"file":"Cafetière à percolation en faïence crème 16.jpg","src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Cafeti%C3%A8re_%C3%A0_percolation_en_fa%C3%AFence_cr%C3%A8me_16.jpg/960px-Cafeti%C3%A8re_%C3%A0_percolation_en_fa%C3%AFence_cr%C3%A8me_16.jpg","w":800,"h":533,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Cafeti%C3%A8re_%C3%A0_percolation_en_fa%C3%AFence_cr%C3%A8me_16.jpg","author":"Coyau","license":"CC BY-SA 3.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0","caption":"Coffeemaker."},{"file":"Coffee Pour Over Setup.jpg","src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Coffee_Pour_Over_Setup.jpg/960px-Coffee_Pour_Over_Setup.jpg","w":800,"h":511,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Coffee_Pour_Over_Setup.jpg","author":"Cerebral726","license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0","caption":"A coffee dosing tray on a small scale, a small spritzing bottle, a V60 pour over with paper filter on an OXO digital scale, a Fellow Stagg EKG Pro gooseneck ket"},{"file":"Coffee set.jpg","src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Coffee_set.jpg/960px-Coffee_set.jpg","w":800,"h":654,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Coffee_set.jpg","author":"Rae37","license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0","caption":"Ceramic Pour-over Set, includes two mugs, one pour-over, one cream pitcher, and one sugar jar with a spoon and a lid"},{"file":"Disassembled South Indian coffee filter.jpg","src":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7a/Disassembled_South_Indian_coffee_filter.jpg","w":800,"h":601,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Disassembled_South_Indian_coffee_filter.jpg","author":"en:User:Cheeni","license":"CC BY-SA 3.0","licenseUrl":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/","caption":"Disassembled South Indian coffee filter. Originally uploaded by en:User:Cheeni to en:Image:Empty filter.jpg on 22 October 2004"},{"file":"Drip Coffee Bangkok.jpg","src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Drip_Coffee_Bangkok.jpg/960px-Drip_Coffee_Bangkok.jpg","w":800,"h":540,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Drip_Coffee_Bangkok.jpg","author":"Takeaway","license":"CC BY-SA 3.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0","caption":"A coffee shop in the Bangkok Art and Cultural Centre that specialises in drip coffee."},{"file":"Dripolator014.jpg","src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Dripolator014.jpg/960px-Dripolator014.jpg","w":800,"h":600,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Dripolator014.jpg","author":"Velocicaptor at Wikipedia","license":"Public domain","licenseUrl":"","caption":"Velocicaptor"},{"file":"Manual drip (pour-over) coffee.jpg","src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Manual_drip_%28pour-over%29_coffee.jpg/960px-Manual_drip_%28pour-over%29_coffee.jpg","w":800,"h":532,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Manual_drip_(pour-over)_coffee.jpg","author":"Kim Sanso","license":"CC0","licenseUrl":"http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/deed.en","caption":"Manual drip (pour-over) coffee"}],"coords":null,"flag":"","prod":null,"gbif":null,"wd":null,"recipe":null,"inat":null,"cupping":null,"wcr":null},"espresso-machine":{"id":"espresso-machine","type":"brew","curated":false,"name":"Espresso machine","title":"Espresso machine","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Espresso_machine","desc":"Device used to brew espresso coffee","about":["An espresso machine is a device that brews coffee by rapidly forcing heated, pressurized water through a small, compressed cake (commonly called a puck) of finely ground coffee and a coffee filter to produce a thick, concentrated coffee called espresso.","Espresso machines vary significantly in design and operation. They may be steam-driven, piston-driven, pump-driven or air-pump-driven, and may be manual, semi-automatic, or fully automatic in operation. An espresso machine may even incorporate a built-in coffee grinder, and, in the case of a superautomatic machine, mechanisms for automating the entire process, such that a shot of espresso may be produced by a single touch from the user. They range in size and application from small appliances to much larger commercial appliances and coffee vending machines, including 'prosumer' machines which combine commercial or professional features in consumer machines.","Despite this variety, many espresso machines may be understood to share some common elements, such as a portafilter (comprising a filter basket, a locking mechanism, and an attachment method such as a handle) and a grouphead to which it attaches prior to the brewing process, and through which the heated, pressurized water is introduced to the puck of ground coffee prior to filtration.","An espresso machine may also have an auxiliary steam wand (or wands) used to steam and froth milk or non-dairy milks for coffee drinks such as cappuccino and caffè latte, including microfoam which may be used for latte art."],"thumb":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Bezzera_%26_caff%C3%A8_espresso.jpg/500px-Bezzera_%26_caff%C3%A8_espresso.jpg","photos":[{"file":"Bezzera & caffè espresso.jpg","src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Bezzera_%26_caff%C3%A8_espresso.jpg/960px-Bezzera_%26_caff%C3%A8_espresso.jpg","w":800,"h":620,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Bezzera_%26_caff%C3%A8_espresso.jpg","author":"Unknown authorUnknown author","license":"Public domain","licenseUrl":"","caption":"Luigi Bezzera and \"caffe espresso\" at the World Expo 1906 in Milan."},{"file":"Cake (89461083).jpeg","src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Cake_%2889461083%29.jpeg/960px-Cake_%2889461083%29.jpeg","w":800,"h":533,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Cake_(89461083).jpeg","author":"Isabela Seabra","license":"CC BY 3.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0","caption":"500px provided description: after the extraction of an espresso that's what you get [#coffee ,#cafe ,#drink]"},{"file":"Espresso-machine-first-patent-angelo-moriondo.jpg","src":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/38/Espresso-machine-first-patent-angelo-moriondo.jpg","w":800,"h":820,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Espresso-machine-first-patent-angelo-moriondo.jpg","author":"Mr. Angelo Moriondo","license":"Public domain","licenseUrl":"","caption":"First patent (vol. 33 n. 256) for the Espresso Machine, by Mr. Angelo Moriondo, dated May 16, 1884 and titled \"Nuovi apparecchi a vapore per la confezione econo"},{"file":"Manual Elektra espresso machine.jpg","src":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/67/Manual_Elektra_espresso_machine.jpg","w":800,"h":1201,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Manual_Elektra_espresso_machine.jpg","author":"Unknown","license":"CC BY-SA 2.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.0","caption":""},{"file":"Portafilter and tamper.jpg","src":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/ff/Portafilter_and_tamper.jpg","w":800,"h":535,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Portafilter_and_tamper.jpg","author":"Czosnek112","license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0","caption":"Portafilter of a home espresso machine with a tamper on it."},{"file":"Rocket silver metal espresso machine on table.jpg","src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Rocket_silver_metal_espresso_machine_on_table.jpg/960px-Rocket_silver_metal_espresso_machine_on_table.jpg","w":800,"h":533,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Rocket_silver_metal_espresso_machine_on_table.jpg","author":"HungryHuy","license":"CC BY 2.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0","caption":"You are free to: Share — copy and redistribute the material on your website on the internet in any format. Adapt — remix, transform, and build upon the material"},{"file":"Wigomat-espresso-kaffeemaschine.jpg","src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Wigomat-espresso-kaffeemaschine.jpg/960px-Wigomat-espresso-kaffeemaschine.jpg","w":800,"h":800,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Wigomat-espresso-kaffeemaschine.jpg","author":"Acosta.eu","license":"CC BY-SA 3.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0","caption":"Steam-coffee-machine Wigomat Wigoespresso (1975). It works only with percolation without a pump"}],"coords":null,"flag":"","prod":null,"gbif":null,"wd":{"qid":"Q1210743","inventor":["Angelo Moriondo"]},"recipe":null,"inat":null,"cupping":null,"wcr":null},"karlsbad-style-coffee-maker":{"id":"karlsbad-style-coffee-maker","type":"brew","curated":false,"name":"Karlsbad-style coffee maker","title":"Karlsbad-style coffee maker","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karlsbad-style_coffee_maker","desc":"Type of porcelain drip coffee maker","about":["A variant of the category of French drip coffee pots is the group of so-called Bohemian coffee pots, manual zero-bypass flat bottom coffee makers made out of porcelain only, including Karlsbad coffee makers (1878), Bayreuth coffee makers (2007), the Walküre cup filter (2010) and the Walküre aroma-pot (2015). In contrast to French drip coffee pots, they all use a special double-layered conically cross-slit strainer made from through-glazed porcelain as well as a water spreader with six (or, in the larger models, more) large round holes to ensure an even water distribution and reduce the agitation of the coffee bed, a method sometimes also called cake filtration. In particular before World War I, but still up to the advent of the Espresso machine in the 1950s, they were very popular in the Viennese coffee house culture. The special kind of drip coffee they produce is called a Karlsbader ('Karlsbad coffee'). In Vienna, the Kleiner Schwarzer (confusingly also called Mokka or Piccolo), a black coffee without milk or sugar, was often prepared in Karlsbad coffee makers as well, hence they were sometimes incorrectly also called Vienna coffee-making machines. Once manufactured by many porcelain manufacturers, demand gradually dropped and eventually production stopped when electrical coffee makers became more and more common, so that Karlsbad coffee makers were only available on the used market for a couple of decades. However, experiencing a renaissance since about the millennium as part of the so-called third-wave of coffee one manufacturer restarted production of them. They are also used in restaurants and by connoisseurs, coffee sommeliers, coffee roasters and in coffee tasting laboratories."],"thumb":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Die_Woche_1904-09-10_S._X_Weber%27s_Carlsbader_Kaffeegew%C3%BCrz.jpg/500px-Die_Woche_1904-09-10_S._X_Weber%27s_Carlsbader_Kaffeegew%C3%BCrz.jpg","photos":[{"file":"Die Woche 1904-09-10 S. X Weber's Carlsbader Kaffeegewürz.jpg","src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Die_Woche_1904-09-10_S._X_Weber%27s_Carlsbader_Kaffeegew%C3%BCrz.jpg/960px-Die_Woche_1904-09-10_S._X_Weber%27s_Carlsbader_Kaffeegew%C3%BCrz.jpg","w":800,"h":504,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Die_Woche_1904-09-10_S._X_Weber%27s_Carlsbader_Kaffeegew%C3%BCrz.jpg","author":"AnonymousUnknown author","license":"Public domain","licenseUrl":"","caption":"Advertisement Otto E. Weber"},{"file":"Karlsbader Kaffeemaschine 1.jpg","src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Karlsbader_Kaffeemaschine_1.jpg/960px-Karlsbader_Kaffeemaschine_1.jpg","w":800,"h":1191,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Karlsbader_Kaffeemaschine_1.jpg","author":"Photos: Staff of Museum Schloss Moritzburg Zeitz, Germany, probably 2023-11-11 P","license":"CC BY-SA 3.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0","caption":"White Karlsbad coffee maker (similar to form 599, but without ribs) probably manufactured somewhen between 1913–1942 by porcelain manufacturer Erste Bayreuther "},{"file":"Karlsbader Kaffeemaschine 3.jpg","src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Karlsbader_Kaffeemaschine_3.jpg/960px-Karlsbader_Kaffeemaschine_3.jpg","w":800,"h":537,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Karlsbader_Kaffeemaschine_3.jpg","author":"Photos: Staff of Museum Schloss Moritzburg Zeitz, Germany, probably 2023-11-11 P","license":"CC BY-SA 3.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0","caption":"White Karlsbad coffee maker (similar to form 599, but without ribs) probably manufactured somewhen between 1913–1942 by porcelain manufacturer Erste Bayreuther "},{"file":"Porzellanfabrik Walküre (01).jpg","src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Porzellanfabrik_Walk%C3%BCre_%2801%29.jpg/960px-Porzellanfabrik_Walk%C3%BCre_%2801%29.jpg","w":800,"h":450,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Porzellanfabrik_Walk%C3%BCre_(01).jpg","author":"El Grafo","license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0","caption":"Porcelain manufactory Walküre with museum in Bayreuth"},{"file":"Weber's Carlsbader Kaffeegewürz.jpg","src":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/66/Weber%27s_Carlsbader_Kaffeegew%C3%BCrz.jpg","w":800,"h":1037,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Weber%27s_Carlsbader_Kaffeegew%C3%BCrz.jpg","author":"Museumsfotograf","license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0","caption":"Weber's Carlsbader Kaffeegewürz der Kaffeesurrogatfabrik Otto E. Weber / Radebeul im Kreismuseum Finsterwalde"},{"file":"SPM-Walküre Coffee pot with Karlsbad slit filter, 19xx.png","src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/SPM-Walk%C3%BCre_Coffee_pot_with_Karlsbad_slit_filter%2C_19xx.png/960px-SPM-Walk%C3%BCre_Coffee_pot_with_Karlsbad_slit_filter%2C_19xx.png","w":800,"h":1027,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:SPM-Walk%C3%BCre_Coffee_pot_with_Karlsbad_slit_filter,_19xx.png","author":"The photo was taken by staff members of the TECHNOSEUM Landesmuseum für Technik ","license":"CC0","licenseUrl":"http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/deed.en","caption":"Brown porcelain coffee pot manufactured somewhen between 1920–1940 by porcelain manufacturer Erste Bayreuther Porzellanfabrik Walküre Siegmund Paul Meyer GmbH ("}],"coords":null,"flag":"","prod":null,"gbif":null,"wd":null,"recipe":null,"inat":null,"cupping":null,"wcr":null},"reversible-coffee-pot":{"id":"reversible-coffee-pot","type":"brew","curated":false,"name":"Reversible coffee pot","title":"Reversible coffee pot","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reversible_coffee_pot","desc":"Flip-over coffeemaker that relies on gravity","about":["The Neapolitan flip coffee pot (Italian: napoletana or caffettiera napoletana, pronounced [kaffetˈtjɛːra napoleˈtaːna]; Neapolitan: cuccumella, pronounced [kukkuˈmɛllə]) or cafetière Morize is a drip brew coffeemaker for the stove top very popular in Italy and France until the 20th century. Unlike a moka express, it does not use the pressure of steam to force the water through the coffee, relying instead on gravity."],"thumb":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Napoletaner_und_elektrische_Kippkanne.JPG/500px-Napoletaner_und_elektrische_Kippkanne.JPG","photos":[{"file":"Napoletaner und elektrische Kippkanne.JPG","src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Napoletaner_und_elektrische_Kippkanne.JPG/960px-Napoletaner_und_elektrische_Kippkanne.JPG","w":800,"h":600,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Napoletaner_und_elektrische_Kippkanne.JPG","author":"Rote Fingur","license":"CC BY-SA 3.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0","caption":"Napoletaner und elektrische Kippkanne. In der Mitte der Kanne befindet sich der kaffeefilter."},{"file":"Neapolitan flip coffee pot.jpg","src":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/dd/Neapolitan_flip_coffee_pot.jpg","w":800,"h":1067,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Neapolitan_flip_coffee_pot.jpg","author":"Original uploaded by Csant (Transfered by FrenchAvatar)","license":"CC BY-SA 3.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0","caption":"Neapolitan flip coffee pot, picture taken by en:User:Csant on 2007-12-29"},{"file":"Potsdamer Boiler.JPG","src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Potsdamer_Boiler.JPG/960px-Potsdamer_Boiler.JPG","w":800,"h":600,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Potsdamer_Boiler.JPG","author":"Rote Fingur","license":"CC BY-SA 3.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0","caption":"Filterkaffeemaschine aus Deutschland um 1880. russisches Ei, oder Potsdamer Boiler genannt"}],"coords":null,"flag":"","prod":null,"gbif":null,"wd":{"qid":"Q2541439","madeFrom":["aluminium","copper"],"since":"1819"},"recipe":null,"inat":null,"cupping":null,"wcr":null},"vacuum-coffee-maker":{"id":"vacuum-coffee-maker","type":"brew","curated":false,"name":"Vacuum coffee maker","title":"Vacuum coffee maker","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vacuum_coffee_maker","desc":"Device used to brew coffee","about":["A vacuum coffee maker brews coffee using two chambers where vapor pressure and gravity produce coffee. This type of coffee maker is also known as vac pot, siphon or syphon coffee maker, and was invented by Johann Nörrenberg in 1827."],"thumb":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Vacuumcoffeestep1.jpg/500px-Vacuumcoffeestep1.jpg","photos":[{"file":"Vacuumcoffeestep1.jpg","src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Vacuumcoffeestep1.jpg/960px-Vacuumcoffeestep1.jpg","w":800,"h":600,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Vacuumcoffeestep1.jpg","author":"bcjordan","license":"CC BY 2.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0","caption":"Heat water to a boil in the glass carafe."},{"file":"Vacuumcoffeestep2.jpg","src":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/85/Vacuumcoffeestep2.jpg","w":800,"h":1067,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Vacuumcoffeestep2.jpg","author":"bcjordan","license":"CC BY 2.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0","caption":"Prepare coffee grounds for brewing"},{"file":"Vacuumcoffeestep3.jpg","src":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c1/Vacuumcoffeestep3.jpg","w":800,"h":1067,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Vacuumcoffeestep3.jpg","author":"bcjordan","license":"CC BY 2.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0","caption":"Insert the stem of the coffee ground container into the top of the glass carafe."},{"file":"Vacuumcoffeestep4.jpg","src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Vacuumcoffeestep4.jpg/960px-Vacuumcoffeestep4.jpg","w":800,"h":600,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Vacuumcoffeestep4.jpg","author":"bcjordan","license":"CC BY 2.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0","caption":"As water makes its way up the stem into the coffee ground container, stir. Continue until one minute after boiling beings."},{"file":"Vacuumcoffeestep5.jpg","src":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/70/Vacuumcoffeestep5.jpg","w":800,"h":1067,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Vacuumcoffeestep5.jpg","author":"bcjordan","license":"CC BY 2.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0","caption":"Once coffee is sufficiently brewed, take the glass carafe off of the heated surface."},{"file":"Vacuumcoffeestep6.jpg","src":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/36/Vacuumcoffeestep6.jpg","w":800,"h":1067,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Vacuumcoffeestep6.jpg","author":"bcjordan","license":"CC BY 2.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0","caption":"As the bottom glass cools, the brewed coffee will be sucked through the filter of the coffee ground container down into the glass carafe."},{"file":"Vacuumcoffeestep7.jpg","src":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f3/Vacuumcoffeestep7.jpg","w":800,"h":1067,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Vacuumcoffeestep7.jpg","author":"bcjordan","license":"CC BY 2.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0","caption":"All finished! The glass carafe now contains a nice cup of joe. The glass coffee ground container should be vacuumed dry -- for an easy trashcan and water rinse "},{"file":"Water vapor pressure graph.jpg","src":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/25/Water_vapor_pressure_graph.jpg","w":800,"h":549,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Water_vapor_pressure_graph.jpg","author":"Unknown","license":"CC BY 2.5","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.5","caption":""}],"coords":null,"flag":"","prod":null,"gbif":null,"wd":{"qid":"Q1704731","madeFrom":["ground coffee","drinking water"]},"recipe":null,"inat":null,"cupping":null,"wcr":null},"system-buttner-coffee-maker":{"id":"system-buttner-coffee-maker","type":"brew","curated":false,"name":"System Büttner coffee maker","title":"System Büttner coffee maker","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/System_B%C3%BCttner_coffee_maker","desc":"Coffee maker combining steeping with drip-filtering","about":["\"System Büttner\" coffee makers (German: Büttner-Kaffeemaschine) have been a type of manual and semi-automatic coffee makers combining coffee steeping (infusion, full immersion) with drip-filtering (percolation)."],"thumb":"","photos":[],"coords":null,"flag":"","prod":null,"gbif":null,"wd":null,"recipe":null,"inat":null,"cupping":null,"wcr":null},"mihbaj":{"id":"mihbaj","type":"brew","curated":false,"name":"Mihbaj","title":"Mihbaj","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mihbaj","desc":"Bedouin grinding implement","about":["A mihbaj (Arabic: مهباج), also known as a jurn (Arabic: الجرن), or azzam (العزام, literally: \"The Inviter\"), is a traditional Arabic implement, made of a wooden base with a foot-long pestle, that serves both as a coffee grinder and as percussion instrument. It is one of the few instruments used in Bedouin music."],"thumb":"","photos":[],"coords":null,"flag":"","prod":null,"gbif":null,"wd":{"qid":"Q6845269","madeFrom":["wood"]},"recipe":null,"inat":null,"cupping":null,"wcr":null},"coffee-filter":{"id":"coffee-filter","type":"brew","curated":false,"name":"Coffee filter","title":"Coffee filter","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coffee_filter","desc":"Coffee brewing utensil","about":["A coffee filter is a filter used for various coffee brewing methods including but not limited to drip coffee filtering. Filters made of paper (disposable), cloth (reusable), or plastic, metal or porcelain (permanent) are used. Paper and cloth filters require the use of some kind of filter holder, whereas filters made out of other materials may present an integral part of the holder or not, depending on construction. The filter allows the liquid coffee to flow through, but traps the coffee grounds."],"thumb":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Coffee-filter.jpg/500px-Coffee-filter.jpg","photos":[{"file":"Coffee-filter.jpg","src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Coffee-filter.jpg/960px-Coffee-filter.jpg","w":800,"h":485,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Coffee-filter.jpg","author":"Evan-Amos","license":"Public domain","licenseUrl":"","caption":"A small stack of standard bleached white coffee filters."},{"file":"Coffee Filter 2006 09 09.JPG","src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Coffee_Filter_2006_09_09.JPG/960px-Coffee_Filter_2006_09_09.JPG","w":800,"h":600,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Coffee_Filter_2006_09_09.JPG","author":"—Estormiz 06:57, 10 September 2006 (UTC)","license":"Public domain","licenseUrl":"","caption":"An used Coffee filter"},{"file":"Die Chemex 6 Cup.jpg","src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Die_Chemex_6_Cup.jpg/960px-Die_Chemex_6_Cup.jpg","w":800,"h":533,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Die_Chemex_6_Cup.jpg","author":"Coffee Circle from Berlin, Deutschland","license":"CC BY 2.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0","caption":"Die Chemex 6 Cup"},{"file":"Disassembled South Indian coffee filter.jpg","src":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7a/Disassembled_South_Indian_coffee_filter.jpg","w":800,"h":601,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Disassembled_South_Indian_coffee_filter.jpg","author":"en:User:Cheeni","license":"CC BY-SA 3.0","licenseUrl":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/","caption":"Disassembled South Indian coffee filter. Originally uploaded by en:User:Cheeni to en:Image:Empty filter.jpg on 22 October 2004"},{"file":"Filtre-pour-une-tasse-cafe.jpg","src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Filtre-pour-une-tasse-cafe.jpg/960px-Filtre-pour-une-tasse-cafe.jpg","w":800,"h":1052,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Filtre-pour-une-tasse-cafe.jpg","author":"Unknown authorUnknown author","license":"Public domain","licenseUrl":"","caption":"filter system for individual coffee cup existing in 1868."},{"file":"Gele koffiepot “VAN NELLE” en filter “Melitta”, objectnr 60412-1-2.A-B(2).JPG","src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Gele_koffiepot_%E2%80%9CVAN_NELLE%E2%80%9D_en_filter_%E2%80%9CMelitta%E2%80%9D%2C_objectnr_60412-1-2.A-B%282%29.JPG/960px-Gele_koffiepot_%E2%80%9CVAN_NELLE%E2%80%9D_en_filter_%E2%80%9CMelitta%E2%80%9D%2C_objectnr_60412-1-2.A-B%282%29.JPG","w":800,"h":536,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Gele_koffiepot_%E2%80%9CVAN_NELLE%E2%80%9D_en_filter_%E2%80%9CMelitta%E2%80%9D,_objectnr_60412-1-2.A-B(2).JPG","author":"Museum Rotterdam","license":"CC BY-SA 3.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0","caption":"Objectgegevens Titel: Gele koffiepot “VAN NELLE” en filter “Melitta” Beschrijving: Gele pot en trechtervormig filter met zwarte merkopdrukken. Trefwoorden: koff"},{"file":"Hario V60 dripper (30519007832).jpg","src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Hario_V60_dripper_%2830519007832%29.jpg/960px-Hario_V60_dripper_%2830519007832%29.jpg","w":800,"h":601,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Hario_V60_dripper_(30519007832).jpg","author":"Olgierd Rudak from Wrocław, Poland / Polska","license":"CC BY 2.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0","caption":"Bunzlau ceramics"},{"file":"Kaffeefilter.jpg","src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Kaffeefilter.jpg/960px-Kaffeefilter.jpg","w":800,"h":744,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Kaffeefilter.jpg","author":"Elke Wetzig (Elya)","license":"CC BY-SA 3.0","licenseUrl":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/","caption":"Melitta coffee filter holder of size 102 with (too large) paper coffee filter of size 1×4 (aka #4)"}],"coords":null,"flag":"","prod":null,"gbif":null,"wd":{"qid":"Q1541241","inventor":["Melitta Bentz"],"since":"1908"},"recipe":null,"inat":null,"cupping":null,"wcr":null},"single-serve-coffee-container":{"id":"single-serve-coffee-container","type":"brew","curated":false,"name":"Single-serve coffee container","title":"Single-serve coffee container","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Single-serve_coffee_container","desc":"Small container filled with a portion of coffee grounds for brewing","about":["A single-serve coffee container is a container filled with coffee grounds, used in coffee brewing to prepare only enough coffee for a single portion. Single-serve coffee containers come in various formats and materials, often either as hard and soft pods or pads made of filter paper, or hard aluminium and plastic capsules.","Single-serve coffee containers can both reduce the time needed to brew coffee and simplify the brewing process by eliminating the need to measure out portions, flavorings, and additives from large bulk containers. They can also help to keep the unused product fresher by individually packaging portions separately without exposing the entire supply batch to air and light. Paper coffee pods can be functionally identical to plastic and metal coffee capsules, if the paper pods are individually sealed in separate bags. At the same time, the disposable single-use products add to global waste production."],"thumb":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Bacha_Coffee_Moomin_mug.jpg/500px-Bacha_Coffee_Moomin_mug.jpg","photos":[{"file":"Bacha Coffee Moomin mug.jpg","src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Bacha_Coffee_Moomin_mug.jpg/960px-Bacha_Coffee_Moomin_mug.jpg","w":800,"h":533,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Bacha_Coffee_Moomin_mug.jpg","author":"Aaaatu","license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0","caption":"Bacha coffee filtration in Moomin mug"},{"file":"Coffee capsules - anieto2k.jpg","src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Coffee_capsules_-_anieto2k.jpg/960px-Coffee_capsules_-_anieto2k.jpg","w":800,"h":391,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Coffee_capsules_-_anieto2k.jpg","author":"Andrés Nieto Porras from Palma de Mallorca, España","license":"CC BY-SA 2.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.0","caption":"Cápsulas de café Nespresso."},{"file":"Coffeebag.jpg","src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Coffeebag.jpg/960px-Coffeebag.jpg","w":800,"h":803,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Coffeebag.jpg","author":"Gzuckier","license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0","caption":"Photo of coffee bag"},{"file":"Kaffeepad.jpg","src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Kaffeepad.jpg/960px-Kaffeepad.jpg","w":800,"h":323,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Kaffeepad.jpg","author":"Kungfuman","license":"CC BY-SA 3.0","licenseUrl":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/","caption":"Kaffeepad, coffee pad"},{"file":"Kaffeepad Senseo.jpg","src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Kaffeepad_Senseo.jpg/960px-Kaffeepad_Senseo.jpg","w":800,"h":436,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Kaffeepad_Senseo.jpg","author":"Kungfuman","license":"CC BY-SA 3.0","licenseUrl":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/","caption":"Kaffeepad Senseo, Unterseite ist oben, coffee pad upside down"},{"file":"Lidl Bellarom Nespresso Classico cup.jpg","src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Lidl_Bellarom_Nespresso_Classico_cup.jpg/960px-Lidl_Bellarom_Nespresso_Classico_cup.jpg","w":800,"h":744,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Lidl_Bellarom_Nespresso_Classico_cup.jpg","author":"Amin","license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0","caption":"Lidl Bellarom Nespresso Classico cup"},{"file":"Nespresso-capsules AB-01.jpg","src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Nespresso-capsules_AB-01.jpg/960px-Nespresso-capsules_AB-01.jpg","w":800,"h":600,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Nespresso-capsules_AB-01.jpg","author":"Chepry 💬 (Andrzej Barabasz) 📷 🇵🇱","license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0","caption":"Single-serve Nespresso coffee capsules"}],"coords":null,"flag":"","prod":null,"gbif":null,"wd":null,"recipe":null,"inat":null,"cupping":null,"wcr":null},"softbrew":{"id":"softbrew","type":"brew","curated":false,"name":"SoftBrew","title":"SoftBrew","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SoftBrew","desc":"Coffee brewing device","about":["Sowden SoftBrew (or SoftBrew) is a coffee brewing device by the designer George Sowden in 2010.","The device uses an infusion method for brewing coffee with a stainless steel filter and a ceramic pot."],"thumb":"","photos":[],"coords":null,"flag":"","prod":null,"gbif":null,"wd":null,"recipe":null,"inat":null,"cupping":null,"wcr":null},"jebena":{"id":"jebena","type":"brew","curated":false,"name":"Jebena","title":"Jebena","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jebena","desc":"Traditional Ethiopian coffee pot","about":["A jebena (Amharic: ጀበና, romanized: ǧäbäna, Arabic: جبنة, romanized: jabana) is a traditional Ethiopian and Eritrean ceramic coffee-brewing flask."],"thumb":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Coffee_pot_at_eritrean_restaurant.jpg/500px-Coffee_pot_at_eritrean_restaurant.jpg","photos":[{"file":"Coffee pot at eritrean restaurant.jpg","src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Coffee_pot_at_eritrean_restaurant.jpg/960px-Coffee_pot_at_eritrean_restaurant.jpg","w":800,"h":1067,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Coffee_pot_at_eritrean_restaurant.jpg","author":"Secretlondon","license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0","caption":"Coffee pot at an Eritrean restaurant in London"}],"coords":null,"flag":"","prod":null,"gbif":null,"wd":{"qid":"Q1676810","madeFrom":["clay"]},"recipe":null,"inat":null,"cupping":null,"wcr":null},"dallah":{"id":"dallah","type":"brew","curated":false,"name":"Dallah (coffee pot)","title":"Dallah (coffee pot)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dallah_(coffee_pot)","desc":"Traditional Arabic coffee pot","about":["A dallah (Arabic: دَلَّة), also known as bakraj (Arabic: بَكْرَج), is an Arabic coffee pot used to brew and serve Qahwa. It is commonly used in the coffee tradition of the Arabian Peninsula and of the Bedouins, and to a lesser extend in the Levant and North Africa.","Old Bedouins used the ritual of coffee preparation, serving and drinking as a sign of hospitality, generosity and wealth. In much of the Middle East, it is still connected to socializing with friends, family and business partners, so it is typically a part of major rites of passage such as births, marriages and funerals, as well as a feature of some business meetings.","The dallah has a distinctive form, featuring a bulbous body that tapers to a \"waistline\" in the middle and flares out at the top, covered by a spire-shaped lid topped with a tall finial and held by a sinuous handle.  The most distinctive feature is a long spout with a crescent-shaped \"beak\".  This beak may be covered with a metal flap to keep the coffee warmer, but usually it is open to view the coffee as it is poured out.","A dallah can be made of brass, steel, silver, or luxury metals such as 24-karat gold for special occasions or use by royalty.","The origins of the dallah are unclear. Among the earliest references to a dallah as a coffee boiler in the modern shape date to the mid-17th century.","The dallah plays such an important role in the identity of Gulf Cooperation Council countries that it is featured in public artwork and on coins. It is also depicted in the watermark used as a security feature on several Khuzestanian banknotes."],"thumb":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Dalleh.JPG/500px-Dalleh.JPG","photos":[{"file":"Dalleh.JPG","src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Dalleh.JPG/960px-Dalleh.JPG","w":800,"h":1067,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Dalleh.JPG","author":"Elph","license":"Public domain","licenseUrl":"","caption":"دله قهوه عربی"},{"file":"Al Dallah, Bait al Zubair Museum, Oman.jpg","src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Al_Dallah%2C_Bait_al_Zubair_Museum%2C_Oman.jpg/960px-Al_Dallah%2C_Bait_al_Zubair_Museum%2C_Oman.jpg","w":800,"h":1058,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Al_Dallah,_Bait_al_Zubair_Museum,_Oman.jpg","author":"Reda Kerbush","license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0","caption":"AL DALLAH - is a Coffee Pot made from copper and brass. The Omani coffee pot design features a hinged lid attached to the handle and a curved spout. Some coffee"},{"file":"DRUZE MAN SERVING COFFEE ITAMAR GRINBERG IMOT (14024329350).jpg","src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/DRUZE_MAN_SERVING_COFFEE_ITAMAR_GRINBERG_IMOT_%2814024329350%29.jpg/960px-DRUZE_MAN_SERVING_COFFEE_ITAMAR_GRINBERG_IMOT_%2814024329350%29.jpg","w":800,"h":1200,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:DRUZE_MAN_SERVING_COFFEE_ITAMAR_GRINBERG_IMOT_(14024329350).jpg","author":"Israel_photo_gallery","license":"CC BY-SA 2.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.0","caption":"Druze hospitality center in the Galilee. A druze pouring coffee out ot a traditional coffee pot. Photo taken by Itamar Grinberg for the Israeli Ministry of Tour"}],"coords":null,"flag":"","prod":null,"gbif":null,"wd":{"qid":"Q4115919","origin":["Arabian Peninsula"]},"recipe":null,"inat":null,"cupping":null,"wcr":null},"ibrik":{"id":"ibrik","type":"brew","curated":false,"name":"Ibrik","title":"Ibrik","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibrik","desc":"Turkish pitcher or coffee pot","about":["An ibrik is a long-handled metal pot used to make Turkish coffee. The word comes into English from Ottoman Turkish ابریق (ibrik, ıbrık, “ewer”) (modern Turkish ibrik), from Arabic إِبْرِيق (ʔibrīq), ultimately from Persian آب (âb, “water”) + the present stem of the verb ریختن (rêxtan, “to pour”).","Although the Turkish word ibrik, derived from Persian through Arabic, denotes simply a pitcher or ewer, the term is often used in English to mean a Turkish coffee pot, which is known in Turkish as a cezve."],"thumb":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Calligraphic_Design_of_a_Ewer_%28Ibrik%29_with_a_Long_Spout_LACMA_M.85.237.60.jpg/500px-Calligraphic_Design_of_a_Ewer_%28Ibrik%29_with_a_Long_Spout_LACMA_M.85.237.60.jpg","photos":[{"file":"Bakırcezve-fincan.jpg","src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Bak%C4%B1rcezve-fincan.jpg/960px-Bak%C4%B1rcezve-fincan.jpg","w":800,"h":810,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Bak%C4%B1rcezve-fincan.jpg","author":"Eaeeae","license":"CC BY-SA 3.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0","caption":"Hammered copper cezve with Turkish coffee pouring out"},{"file":"Calligraphic Design of a Ewer (Ibrik) with a Long Spout LACMA M.85.237.60.jpg","src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Calligraphic_Design_of_a_Ewer_%28Ibrik%29_with_a_Long_Spout_LACMA_M.85.237.60.jpg/960px-Calligraphic_Design_of_a_Ewer_%28Ibrik%29_with_a_Long_Spout_LACMA_M.85.237.60.jpg","w":800,"h":1194,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Calligraphic_Design_of_a_Ewer_(Ibrik)_with_a_Long_Spout_LACMA_M.85.237.60.jpg","author":"Unknown","license":"Public domain","licenseUrl":"","caption":"Turkey, circa 1815-1825 Manuscripts Opaque watercolor and gold on paper The Edwin Binney, 3rd, Collection of Turkish Art at the Los Angeles County Museum of Art"},{"file":"Tombac ewer.JPG","src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Tombac_ewer.JPG/960px-Tombac_ewer.JPG","w":800,"h":600,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Tombac_ewer.JPG","author":"Homonihilis","license":"Public domain","licenseUrl":"","caption":""}],"coords":null,"flag":"","prod":null,"gbif":null,"wd":null,"recipe":null,"inat":null,"cupping":null,"wcr":null},"coffea-stenophylla":{"id":"coffea-stenophylla","type":"variety","curated":false,"name":"Coffea stenophylla","title":"Coffea stenophylla","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coffea_stenophylla","desc":"Species of plant","about":["Coffea stenophylla, also known as highland coffee or Sierra Leone coffee, is a species of Coffea originating in West Africa.","As of 2020, it was not commercially cultivated, because its low yield and small berries make it inferior to the two economically dominant species, Coffea arabica and Coffea canephora (robusta).","Research is being done to evaluate the sensory and agronomic benefits of commercially cultivating it as a method of expanding the genetic diversification of global coffee stock and increasing resilience to both climate change and crop disease pressures."],"thumb":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Coffea_stenophylla-Jardin_botanique_de_Berlin_%281%29.jpg/500px-Coffea_stenophylla-Jardin_botanique_de_Berlin_%281%29.jpg","photos":[{"file":"Coffea stenophylla-Jardin botanique de Berlin (1).jpg","src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Coffea_stenophylla-Jardin_botanique_de_Berlin_%281%29.jpg/960px-Coffea_stenophylla-Jardin_botanique_de_Berlin_%281%29.jpg","w":800,"h":1200,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Coffea_stenophylla-Jardin_botanique_de_Berlin_(1).jpg","author":"Ji-Elle","license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0","caption":"Coffea stenophylla. Afrique tropicale de l'Ouest. Jardin botanique de Berlin."}],"coords":null,"flag":"","prod":null,"gbif":{"species":"Coffea stenophylla","total":228,"countries":[["CI",23],["SL",22],["ST",8],["BR",7],["ZZ",7],["GN",6],["ID",6],["BE",5],["AO",4],["GY",3],["TT",3],["TZ",3]]},"wd":{"qid":"Q672410","iucn":"vulnerable"},"recipe":null,"inat":{"species":"Coffea stenophylla","taxon":879571,"url":"https://www.inaturalist.org/taxa/879571","observations":1,"photos":[]},"cupping":null,"wcr":null},"coffea-racemosa":{"id":"coffea-racemosa","type":"variety","curated":false,"name":"Coffea racemosa","title":"Coffea racemosa","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coffea_racemosa","desc":"Species of coffee plant","about":["Coffea racemosa, also known as racemosa coffee and Inhambane coffee, is a species of flowering plant in the family Rubiaceae. It has naturally low levels of caffeine, less than half of that found in Coffea arabica, and a quarter of that in Robusta coffee.","Coffea racemosa is endemic to the coastal forest belt between northern KwaZulu-Natal in South Africa and Mozambique, found in an area less than 150 km2 (58 sq mi) in size. It was widely cultivated by the Portuguese during the 1960–1970s in Mozambique; as of 2018 only two plantations, at Ibo Island and in Hluhluwe, remained."],"thumb":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Coffea_racemosa_berries.jpg/500px-Coffea_racemosa_berries.jpg","photos":[{"file":"Coffea racemosa berries.jpg","src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Coffea_racemosa_berries.jpg/960px-Coffea_racemosa_berries.jpg","w":800,"h":827,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Coffea_racemosa_berries.jpg","author":"Ton Rulkens","license":"CC BY-SA 2.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.0","caption":"Close-up of Coffea racemosa berries"},{"file":"Size Comparison Racemosa Bean Liberica Bean Arabica Bean.jpg","src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Size_Comparison_Racemosa_Bean_Liberica_Bean_Arabica_Bean.jpg/960px-Size_Comparison_Racemosa_Bean_Liberica_Bean_Arabica_Bean.jpg","w":800,"h":533,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Size_Comparison_Racemosa_Bean_Liberica_Bean_Arabica_Bean.jpg","author":"LeClairOrganics","license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0","caption":"A visual comparison of the Racemosa Bean (coffea racemosa), Liberica Bean(coffea liberica) and Arabica Bean (coffea arabica)"}],"coords":null,"flag":"","prod":null,"gbif":{"species":"Coffea racemosa","total":210,"countries":[["MZ",59],["ZA",45],["BR",9],["BE",8],["ZW",7],["TZ",4],["PE",2]]},"wd":{"qid":"Q15430852","iucn":"near threatened"},"recipe":null,"inat":{"species":"Coffea racemosa","taxon":340090,"url":"https://www.inaturalist.org/taxa/340090","observations":40,"photos":[]},"cupping":null,"wcr":null},"coffea-charrieriana":{"id":"coffea-charrieriana","type":"variety","curated":false,"name":"Coffea charrieriana","title":"Coffea charrieriana","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coffea_charrieriana","desc":"Species of coffee plant","about":["Coffea charrieriana, also known as Charrier coffee, is a species of flowering plant from the Coffea genus. It is a caffeine-free coffee plant endemic to Cameroon in Central Africa. It is the first recorded caffeine-free Coffea in Central Africa, and the second to be recorded in Africa. The first caffeine-free species was previously discovered in Kenya, named C. pseudozanguebariae. The International Institute for Species Exploration at Arizona State University and a committee of taxonomists and scientists voted C. charrieriana as one of the top 10 species described in 2008."],"thumb":"","photos":[],"coords":null,"flag":"","prod":null,"gbif":null,"wd":{"qid":"Q2671806","iucn":"critically endangered"},"recipe":null,"inat":null,"cupping":null,"wcr":null},"coffee":{"id":"coffee","type":"topic","curated":false,"name":"Coffee","title":"Coffee","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coffee","desc":"Brewed beverage","about":["Coffee is a beverage brewed from roasted, ground coffee beans. Dark-colored and bitter, coffee has a stimulating effect on humans due to its caffeine content; however decaffeinated coffee is also commercially available. There are also various coffee substitutes.","Coffee production begins when the seeds from coffee cherries, the Coffea plant's fruits, are separated to produce unroasted green coffee beans. The \"beans\" are roasted and then ground into fine particles. Coffee is brewed from the ground roasted beans, which are typically steeped in hot water before being filtered out. It is usually served hot, although chilled or iced coffee is common. Coffee can be prepared and presented in a variety of ways, e.g., espresso, French press, caffè latte, or already-brewed canned coffee. Sugar, sugar substitutes, milk, and cream are often added and change the flavor.","Though coffee has become a global commodity, it has a history tied to food traditions around the Red Sea. The earliest reports of coffee drinking pertain to the plant's use among the Sufis of Yemen in southern Arabia in the middle of the 15th century. Up to the end of the 17th century, most of the world's coffee was imported from Yemen. As it gained in popularity, coffee started to be cultivated in Java in the 17th century and the Americas from the 18th century.","The two most commonly grown coffee bean types are C. arabica and C. robusta. Coffee plants are cultivated in over 70 countries, primarily in the equatorial regions of the Americas, Southeast Asia, the Indian subcontinent, and Africa. Green, unroasted coffee is traded as an agricultural commodity. The global coffee industry was worth US$495.50 billion in 2023. In 2023, Brazil was the leading grower of coffee beans, producing 31% of the world's total, followed by Vietnam. While coffee sales reach billions of dollars annually worldwide, coffee farmers disproportionately live in poverty. Critics of the coffee industry have pointed to its negative impact on the environment, including clearing of land for coffee growing and water use."],"thumb":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/1004-CoffeeSceneCairo18th.jpg/500px-1004-CoffeeSceneCairo18th.jpg","photos":[{"file":"1004-CoffeeSceneCairo18th.jpg","src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/1004-CoffeeSceneCairo18th.jpg/960px-1004-CoffeeSceneCairo18th.jpg","w":800,"h":539,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:1004-CoffeeSceneCairo18th.jpg","author":"G. W. Seitz","license":"Public domain","licenseUrl":"","caption":"Cairo: a coffee-house with men sitting on wooden benches to smoke and drink. Colour lithograph by G.W. Seitz, ca. 1878, after Carl Werner, 1871."},{"file":"Brazil Coffee production 2020.jpg","src":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Brazil_Coffee_production_2020.jpg","w":800,"h":782,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Brazil_Coffee_production_2020.jpg","author":"Prunexor","license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0","caption":"Produção de café no Brasil em 2020 - principais estados produtores"},{"file":"CXLT Coffee.jpg","src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/CXLT_Coffee.jpg/960px-CXLT_Coffee.jpg","w":800,"h":1122,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:CXLT_Coffee.jpg","author":"FoxLad (talk)","license":"CC BY 3.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0","caption":"A 500 gram bag of coffee beans purchased from a grocery. Cost about $4."},{"file":"Coffea arabica - Köhler–s Medizinal-Pflanzen-189 (cropped).jpg","src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Coffea_arabica_-_K%C3%B6hler%E2%80%93s_Medizinal-Pflanzen-189_%28cropped%29.jpg/960px-Coffea_arabica_-_K%C3%B6hler%E2%80%93s_Medizinal-Pflanzen-189_%28cropped%29.jpg","w":800,"h":1068,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Coffea_arabica_-_K%C3%B6hler%E2%80%93s_Medizinal-Pflanzen-189_(cropped).jpg","author":"Franz Eugen Köhler","license":"Public domain","licenseUrl":"","caption":"Illustration of COFFEA arabica L. 106 (Coffea arabica L., Arabian coffee) Köhler's Medizinal-Pflanzen in naturgetreuen Abbildungen mit kurz erläuterndem Texte :"},{"file":"Coffee Flowers Show.jpg","src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Coffee_Flowers_Show.jpg/960px-Coffee_Flowers_Show.jpg","w":800,"h":600,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Coffee_Flowers_Show.jpg","author":"User:FCRebelo","license":"CC BY-SA 3.0","licenseUrl":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/","caption":"Coffea arabica, Coffee Flowers Show - Matipó City - Minas Gerais State - Brazil; this photo was taken in November 2004 by Fernando Rebêlo."},{"file":"Coffee Wilt Disease.jpg","src":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c3/Coffee_Wilt_Disease.jpg","w":800,"h":538,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Coffee_Wilt_Disease.jpg","author":"The Mediae Company","license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0","caption":"Robusta coffee tree infected by coffee wilt disease (CWD), credit The Mediae Company, mpeketown.com/agri-info/"},{"file":"Coffee beans unroasted.jpg","src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Coffee_beans_unroasted.jpg/960px-Coffee_beans_unroasted.jpg","w":800,"h":545,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Coffee_beans_unroasted.jpg","author":"Isai Symens","license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0","caption":"Coffee beans"},{"file":"Coffee berries.jpg","src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Coffee_berries.jpg/960px-Coffee_berries.jpg","w":800,"h":1067,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Coffee_berries.jpg","author":"Cornellier","license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0","caption":"Arabica coffee berries on the bush"}],"coords":null,"flag":"","prod":null,"gbif":null,"wd":{"qid":"Q8486","origin":["Ethiopia","Yemen"],"madeFrom":["coffee bean","hot water"],"parts":["phytochemicals"]},"recipe":null,"inat":null,"cupping":null,"wcr":null},"history-of-coffee":{"id":"history-of-coffee","type":"topic","curated":false,"name":"History of coffee","title":"History of coffee","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_coffee","desc":"","about":["The history of coffee spans many centuries. Wild coffee plants originated in Ethiopia, while the beverage itself has its roots in Yemen, where it was harvested, roasted, and brewed; Sufi Muslims in the 15th century used it to aid concentration during night prayers.","From Yemen, coffee spread to Mecca and the wider Arabian Peninsula, and by the early 16th century it had reached Cairo, Damascus, and Istanbul. Debates over its permissibility arose in Muslim society, but it soon became a central part of urban social life.","Through Mediterranean trade routes, coffee entered Europe in the mid-16th century through Italy and other Mediterranean regions. Coffee houses were established in Western Europe by the late 17th century, especially in Holland, England, and Germany.","Up to the end of the 17th century, the Yemeni port of Mocha was the world’s sole gateway for coffee, but as demand grew, cultivation spread to other parts of the world. One of the earliest cultivations of coffee in the New World was when Gabriel de Clieu brought coffee seedlings to Martinique in 1720, from which it spread to other Caribbean islands such as Saint-Domingue and also to Mexico. By 1788, Saint-Domingue supplied half the world's coffee.","By 1852, Brazil became the world's largest producer of coffee and has held that status ever since. Since 1950, several other major producers emerged, notably Colombia, Ivory Coast, Ethiopia, and Vietnam; the latter overtook Colombia and became the second-largest producer in 1999."],"thumb":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Cafe_Braeunerhof_Wien_2004.jpg/500px-Cafe_Braeunerhof_Wien_2004.jpg","photos":[{"file":"2015 0117 Monsooned Malabar beans unroosted.jpg","src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/2015_0117_Monsooned_Malabar_beans_unroosted.jpg/960px-2015_0117_Monsooned_Malabar_beans_unroosted.jpg","w":800,"h":600,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:2015_0117_Monsooned_Malabar_beans_unroosted.jpg","author":"Takeaway","license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0","caption":"Unroosted Monsooned Malabar arabica beans start out with a similar colour and texture as the green Yirgachefe beans in the upper corner, but develop their uniqu"},{"file":"Cafe Braeunerhof Wien 2004.jpg","src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Cafe_Braeunerhof_Wien_2004.jpg/960px-Cafe_Braeunerhof_Wien_2004.jpg","w":800,"h":600,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Cafe_Braeunerhof_Wien_2004.jpg","author":"Photo: Andreas Praefcke","license":"CC BY 3.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0","caption":"Typical scene in a Viennese \"Kaffeehaus\" café (coffee with tap water and newspaper), in the Café Bräunerhof in Vienna, Austria"},{"file":"Coffee; from plantation to cup. 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With an appendix containing letters written during a trip to the co"},{"file":"Coffeepot (cafetière \"campanienne\") (part of a service) MET DT5506.jpg","src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Coffeepot_%28cafeti%C3%A8re_%22campanienne%22%29_%28part_of_a_service%29_MET_DT5506.jpg/960px-Coffeepot_%28cafeti%C3%A8re_%22campanienne%22%29_%28part_of_a_service%29_MET_DT5506.jpg","w":800,"h":1000,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Coffeepot_(cafeti%C3%A8re_%22campanienne%22)_(part_of_a_service)_MET_DT5506.jpg","author":"Jean Charles Develly","license":"CC0","licenseUrl":"http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/deed.en","caption":"French, Sèvres; coffeepot; ceramics-porcelain"},{"file":"Coffeepot MET DP103144.jpg","src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Coffeepot_MET_DP103144.jpg/960px-Coffeepot_MET_DP103144.jpg","w":800,"h":800,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Coffeepot_MET_DP103144.jpg","author":"François-Thomas Germain","license":"CC0","licenseUrl":"http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/deed.en","caption":"French, Paris; Coffeepot; Metalwork-Silver"},{"file":"John Frederick Lewis 004.jpg","src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/John_Frederick_Lewis_004.jpg/960px-John_Frederick_Lewis_004.jpg","w":800,"h":1278,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:John_Frederick_Lewis_004.jpg","author":"John Frederick Lewis","license":"Public domain","licenseUrl":"","caption":""},{"file":"MODOGlendora.jpg","src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/MODOGlendora.jpg/960px-MODOGlendora.jpg","w":800,"h":600,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:MODOGlendora.jpg","author":"Unknown authorUnknown author","license":"CC BY 3.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0","caption":"Metal can for Glendora coffee from first half of 20th century."},{"file":"Mocha1692.jpg","src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Mocha1692.jpg/960px-Mocha1692.jpg","w":800,"h":528,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Mocha1692.jpg","author":"Gaspar Bouttats","license":"Public domain","licenseUrl":"","caption":"View of Mocha (Yemen). Part of a series of prints related to the Austrian-Ottoman war (1683–1699), and which included Mediterranean and Red Sea views as well as"}],"coords":null,"flag":"","prod":null,"gbif":null,"wd":null,"recipe":null,"inat":null,"cupping":null,"wcr":null},"coffea":{"id":"coffea","type":"topic","curated":false,"name":"Coffea","title":"Coffea","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coffea","desc":"Genus of flowering plants","about":["Coffea is a genus of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae. Coffea species are shrubs or small trees native to tropical and southern Africa and tropical Asia. The seeds of some species, called coffee beans, are roasted and ground to brew into various coffee beverages. The fruits, like the seeds, contain a large amount of caffeine, and have a distinct sweet taste.","The plant ranks as one of the world's most valuable and widely traded commodity crops and is an important export product of several countries, including those in Central and South America, the Caribbean and Africa. The coffee trade relies heavily on two of the over 120 species, Coffea arabica (commonly known simply as \"Arabica\"), which accounts for around 55% of the world's coffee production, and Coffea canephora (known as \"Robusta\"), which accounts for around 45%.","Both coffee species are vulnerable to shifts, caused by climate change, in their growing zones, which are likely to result in a decline in production in some of the most important growing regions."],"thumb":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Coffe_flower.jpg/500px-Coffe_flower.jpg","photos":[{"file":"Coffe flower.jpg","src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Coffe_flower.jpg/960px-Coffe_flower.jpg","w":800,"h":600,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Coffe_flower.jpg","author":"Chandana12","license":"CC BY-SA 3.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0","caption":"The flower of coffe tree"},{"file":"Coffea racemosa00.jpg","src":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/68/Coffea_racemosa00.jpg","w":800,"h":658,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Coffea_racemosa00.jpg","author":"Ton Rulkens00","license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0","caption":"Coffea racemosa, a small plantation in Chiure village, northern Mozambique"},{"file":"CoffeeBerry.jpg","src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/CoffeeBerry.jpg/960px-CoffeeBerry.jpg","w":800,"h":533,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:CoffeeBerry.jpg","author":"Jmhullot","license":"CC BY-SA 3.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0","caption":"Coffee berry, Bali"},{"file":"Coffee Flowers.JPG","src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Coffee_Flowers.JPG/960px-Coffee_Flowers.JPG","w":800,"h":600,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Coffee_Flowers.JPG","author":"Marcelo Corrêa","license":"CC BY-SA 3.0","licenseUrl":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/","caption":"Coffee Flowers in Plantation of Brazil"},{"file":"Coffee arabica cherry.jpg","src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Coffee_arabica_cherry.jpg/960px-Coffee_arabica_cherry.jpg","w":800,"h":600,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Coffee_arabica_cherry.jpg","author":"Roger Burger","license":"CC0","licenseUrl":"http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/deed.en","caption":"A ripe coffee arabica cherry"},{"file":"Coffee arabica flower.jpg","src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Coffee_arabica_flower.jpg/960px-Coffee_arabica_flower.jpg","w":800,"h":1067,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Coffee_arabica_flower.jpg","author":"Roger Burger","license":"CC0","licenseUrl":"http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/deed.en","caption":"Colombian coffe arabica flower"},{"file":"Coffee cherry cross section.JPG","src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Coffee_cherry_cross_section.JPG/960px-Coffee_cherry_cross_section.JPG","w":800,"h":615,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Coffee_cherry_cross_section.JPG","author":"Michael.C.Wright","license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0","caption":"Cross section of a mature coffee cherry."},{"file":"Coffee germination.jpg","src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Coffee_germination.jpg/960px-Coffee_germination.jpg","w":800,"h":600,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Coffee_germination.jpg","author":"Roger Burger","license":"CC0","licenseUrl":"http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/deed.en","caption":"Coffee cherry germinating."}],"coords":null,"flag":"","prod":null,"gbif":null,"wd":{"qid":"Q156354","parts":["coffee bean"]},"recipe":null,"inat":null,"cupping":null,"wcr":null},"coffee-bean":{"id":"coffee-bean","type":"topic","curated":false,"name":"Coffee bean","title":"Coffee bean","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coffee_bean","desc":"Seed of the coffee plant","about":["A coffee bean is a seed from the Coffea plant and the source for coffee. This fruit is often referred to as a coffee cherry, but unlike the cherry, which usually contains a single pit, it most commonly contains two seeds with their flat sides together. The seeds are referred to as beans because of their appearance, though they are not true beans. A few coffee cherries, referred to as  \"peaberries\" contain a single seed; they make up around 10% to 15% of all coffee beans. It is often claimed that peaberries are superior to normal beans, but there is little hard evidence to support this. Like Brazil nuts (a seed) and white rice, coffee beans consist mostly of endosperm.","The two most economically important varieties of coffee plants are the arabica and the robusta, accounting for approximately 60% and 40% of the coffee produced worldwide, respectively. Arabica beans contain 0.8–1.4% caffeine and robusta beans contain 1.7–4.0% caffeine. As coffee is one of the world's most widely consumed beverages, coffee beans are a major cash crop and an important export product, accounting for over 50% of some developing nations' foreign exchange earnings. In 2023 the largest producer of coffee and coffee beans was Brazil. Other main exporters of coffee beans are Colombia, Vietnam, and Ethiopia."],"thumb":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/18/Coffea_canephora_W2_IMG_2430.jpg","photos":[{"file":"Coffea canephora W2 IMG 2430.jpg","src":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/18/Coffea_canephora_W2_IMG_2430.jpg","w":800,"h":731,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Coffea_canephora_W2_IMG_2430.jpg","author":"J.M.Garg","license":"CC BY 3.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0","caption":"Robusta Coffee plant Coffea canephora in Goa, India."},{"file":"Coffee berries 1.jpg","src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Coffee_berries_1.jpg/960px-Coffee_berries_1.jpg","w":800,"h":600,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Coffee_berries_1.jpg","author":"Stanislaw Szydlo","license":"CC BY-SA 3.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0","caption":"Coffee berries"},{"file":"Coffee cherry cross section.JPG","src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Coffee_cherry_cross_section.JPG/960px-Coffee_cherry_cross_section.JPG","w":800,"h":615,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Coffee_cherry_cross_section.JPG","author":"Michael.C.Wright","license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0","caption":"Cross section of a mature coffee cherry."},{"file":"Freshly harvested coffee cherries.jpg","src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Freshly_harvested_coffee_cherries.jpg/960px-Freshly_harvested_coffee_cherries.jpg","w":800,"h":533,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Freshly_harvested_coffee_cherries.jpg","author":"PilotChicago","license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0","caption":"Freshly harvested coffee cherries"},{"file":"Roasted coffee beans.jpg","src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Roasted_coffee_beans.jpg/960px-Roasted_coffee_beans.jpg","w":800,"h":600,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Roasted_coffee_beans.jpg","author":"MarkSweep","license":"Public domain","licenseUrl":"","caption":"Roasted coffee beans"},{"file":"Singararutang coffee flower.jpg","src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Singararutang_coffee_flower.jpg/960px-Singararutang_coffee_flower.jpg","w":800,"h":552,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Singararutang_coffee_flower.jpg","author":"Michael.C.Wright","license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0","caption":"Coffee flower of a Singararutang coffee tree"}],"coords":null,"flag":"","prod":null,"gbif":null,"wd":null,"recipe":null,"inat":null,"cupping":null,"wcr":null},"coffee-roasting":{"id":"coffee-roasting","type":"topic","curated":false,"name":"Coffee roasting","title":"Coffee roasting","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coffee_roasting","desc":"Process of heating green coffee beans","about":["Roasting coffee transforms the chemical and physical properties of green coffee beans into roasted coffee products. The roasting process produces the characteristic flavor of coffee by causing the green coffee beans to change in taste. Unroasted beans contain similar if not higher levels of acids, protein, sugars, and caffeine as those that have been roasted, but lack the taste of roasted coffee beans due to the Maillard and other chemical reactions which occur during roasting.","Coffee tends to be roasted close to where it will be consumed, as green coffee is more stable than roasted beans. The vast majority of coffee is roasted commercially on a large scale, but small-scale commercial roasting has grown significantly with the trend toward \"single-origin\" coffees served at specialty shops. Some coffee drinkers roast coffee at home as a hobby in order to both experiment with the flavor profile of the beans and to ensure the freshest possible roasted coffee."],"thumb":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/0_Monschau_-_Stadtstra%C3%9Fe_24_-_Vitrine.JPG/500px-0_Monschau_-_Stadtstra%C3%9Fe_24_-_Vitrine.JPG","photos":[{"file":"0 Monschau - Stadtstraße 24 - Vitrine.JPG","src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/0_Monschau_-_Stadtstra%C3%9Fe_24_-_Vitrine.JPG/960px-0_Monschau_-_Stadtstra%C3%9Fe_24_-_Vitrine.JPG","w":800,"h":894,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:0_Monschau_-_Stadtstra%C3%9Fe_24_-_Vitrine.JPG","author":"Jean-Pol GRANDMONT","license":"CC BY-SA 3.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0","caption":"Monschau (Germany), Stadtstraße 11. - Window a coffee-roaster shop."},{"file":"2013 Antique sample roasting machine Vits Munchen.jpg","src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/2013_Antique_sample_roasting_machine_Vits_Munchen.jpg/960px-2013_Antique_sample_roasting_machine_Vits_Munchen.jpg","w":800,"h":528,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:2013_Antique_sample_roasting_machine_Vits_Munchen.jpg","author":"Takeaway","license":"CC BY-SA 3.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0","caption":"An antique 5 barrel roasting machine for roasting small test batches at coffee shop Vits in Munich. The name written on the (opened) cover is \"Mignon\"."},{"file":"Coffee Roaster.JPG","src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Coffee_Roaster.JPG/960px-Coffee_Roaster.JPG","w":800,"h":533,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Coffee_Roaster.JPG","author":"Stevenbrooklyn","license":"CC BY-SA 3.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0","caption":"This is an example of a coffee roasting machine."},{"file":"DIEDRICH infrared drum coffee roaster.jpg","src":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b7/DIEDRICH_infrared_drum_coffee_roaster.jpg","w":800,"h":1067,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:DIEDRICH_infrared_drum_coffee_roaster.jpg","author":"Øristeriet","license":"CC BY-SA 3.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0","caption":"DIEDRIC infrared drum coffee roaster."},{"file":"Diedrich IR Series Coffee Roaster.jpg","src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Diedrich_IR_Series_Coffee_Roaster.jpg/960px-Diedrich_IR_Series_Coffee_Roaster.jpg","w":800,"h":1200,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Diedrich_IR_Series_Coffee_Roaster.jpg","author":"Visitor7","license":"CC BY-SA 3.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0","caption":"Diedrich IR Series Coffee Roaster"},{"file":"Free standing tin coffee roaster - DPLA - ab92df8478ed695bac532e581df00ba5 (cropped).jpg","src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Free_standing_tin_coffee_roaster_-_DPLA_-_ab92df8478ed695bac532e581df00ba5_%28cropped%29.jpg/960px-Free_standing_tin_coffee_roaster_-_DPLA_-_ab92df8478ed695bac532e581df00ba5_%28cropped%29.jpg","w":800,"h":733,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Free_standing_tin_coffee_roaster_-_DPLA_-_ab92df8478ed695bac532e581df00ba5_(cropped).jpg","author":"Unknown","license":"Public domain","licenseUrl":"","caption":"A: Free standing tin boxlike roasting frame. 4 legs (1 3/4\" H) riveted to corners. Half barrel shaped hinged lid w/ rectangular chimney (2 7/8\"L, 1 3/4\"W, 5/8\"H"},{"file":"Light&DarkRoastCoffeeBeanVolumes.jpg","src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Light%26DarkRoastCoffeeBeanVolumes.jpg/960px-Light%26DarkRoastCoffeeBeanVolumes.jpg","w":800,"h":600,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Light%26DarkRoastCoffeeBeanVolumes.jpg","author":"Kencf0618","license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0","caption":"Side of a Red Brick Roasting Co. bag from CostCo showing the approximate volumes of light beans. Ruler for scale."},{"file":"Miele, IFA 2018, Berlin (P1070083).jpg","src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Miele%2C_IFA_2018%2C_Berlin_%28P1070083%29.jpg/960px-Miele%2C_IFA_2018%2C_Berlin_%28P1070083%29.jpg","w":800,"h":1067,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Miele,_IFA_2018,_Berlin_(P1070083).jpg","author":"Matti Blume","license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0","caption":"Miele, Internationale Funkausstellung 2018, Berlin"}],"coords":null,"flag":"","prod":null,"gbif":null,"wd":{"qid":"Q2090758","parts":["home roasting coffee","torrefacto"]},"recipe":null,"inat":null,"cupping":null,"wcr":null},"home-roasting-coffee":{"id":"home-roasting-coffee","type":"topic","curated":false,"name":"Home roasting coffee","title":"Home roasting coffee","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Home_roasting_coffee","desc":"Roasting coffee beans for personal consumption","about":["Home roasting is the process of roasting coffee from green coffee beans on a small scale for personal consumption. Home roasting of coffee has been practiced for centuries, using simple methods such as roasting in cast-iron skillets over a wood fire and hand-turning small steel drums on a kitchen stovetop.","Until the early 20th century, it was more common to roast coffee at home than to buy pre-roasted coffee. Following World War I, commercial coffee roasting became prevalent, and, combined with the distribution of instant coffee, home roasting decreased substantially.","In recent years, there has been a revival in home roasting. What was originally a necessity has now become a hobby. The attractions are four-fold: enjoying fresh, flavorful coffee; experimenting with various beans and roasting methods; perfecting the roasting process, and saving money. Other factors that have contributed to the renewed interest in home roasting coffee include coffee suppliers selling green coffee in small quantities and manufacturers making counter-top roasters."],"thumb":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Kaffelogic_Nano_7_%28w-_Tall_Boost%29.jpg/500px-Kaffelogic_Nano_7_%28w-_Tall_Boost%29.jpg","photos":[{"file":"Kaffelogic Nano 7 (w- Tall Boost).jpg","src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Kaffelogic_Nano_7_%28w-_Tall_Boost%29.jpg/960px-Kaffelogic_Nano_7_%28w-_Tall_Boost%29.jpg","w":800,"h":691,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Kaffelogic_Nano_7_(w-_Tall_Boost).jpg","author":"Kobidin","license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0","caption":"Kaffelogic Nano 7 coffee roaster set-up outside, pictured with green beans."},{"file":"Wok down angle.jpg","src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Wok_down_angle.jpg/960px-Wok_down_angle.jpg","w":800,"h":600,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Wok_down_angle.jpg","author":"Dan Bollinger","license":"CC BY-SA 3.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0","caption":"Coffee beans roasting in a wok on kitchen range."},{"file":"Wood stove-top coffee roaster - Natalie Ward.JPG","src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Wood_stove-top_coffee_roaster_-_Natalie_Ward.JPG/960px-Wood_stove-top_coffee_roaster_-_Natalie_Ward.JPG","w":800,"h":538,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Wood_stove-top_coffee_roaster_-_Natalie_Ward.JPG","author":"Natalie Ward, ebay seller nmw509","license":"Public domain","licenseUrl":"","caption":"A hand-cranked wood stove top coffee roaster circa 1890-1910."}],"coords":null,"flag":"","prod":null,"gbif":null,"wd":null,"recipe":null,"inat":null,"cupping":null,"wcr":null},"coffee-cupping":{"id":"coffee-cupping","type":"topic","curated":false,"name":"Coffee cupping","title":"Coffee cupping","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coffee_cupping","desc":"Practice of observing the tastes and aromas of brewed coffee","about":["Coffee cupping, or coffee tasting, is the practice of observing the tastes and aromas of brewed coffee. It is a professional practice but can be done informally by anyone or by professionals known as \"Q Graders\". A standard coffee cupping procedure involves deeply sniffing the coffee, then slurping the coffee from a spoon so it is aerated and spread across the tongue. The coffee taster attempts to measure aspects of the coffee's taste, specifically the body (the texture or mouthfeel, such as oiliness), sweetness, acidity (a sharp and tangy feeling, like when biting into an orange), flavour (the characters in the cup), and aftertaste. Since coffee beans embody telltale flavours from the region where they were grown, cuppers may attempt to identify the coffee's origin."],"thumb":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Coffee_Cupping-2.jpg/500px-Coffee_Cupping-2.jpg","photos":[{"file":"Coffee Cupping-2.jpg","src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Coffee_Cupping-2.jpg/960px-Coffee_Cupping-2.jpg","w":800,"h":533,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Coffee_Cupping-2.jpg","author":"Visitor7","license":"CC BY-SA 3.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0","caption":"Coffee cupping"},{"file":"Fancy a cupper.jpg","src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Fancy_a_cupper.jpg/960px-Fancy_a_cupper.jpg","w":800,"h":533,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Fancy_a_cupper.jpg","author":"DFID - UK Department for International Development","license":"CC BY 2.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0","caption":"'Cuppers' – the industry term for coffee tasters - score the coffee grounds according to the quality of the aroma. The cuppers are all certified to internationa"},{"file":"Kaffekoppning - Ystad-2026.jpg","src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Kaffekoppning_-_Ystad-2026.jpg/960px-Kaffekoppning_-_Ystad-2026.jpg","w":800,"h":493,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Kaffekoppning_-_Ystad-2026.jpg","author":"Foto: Jonn Leffmann","license":"CC BY 4.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0","caption":"Den ungefärliga mängden kaffe som en provsmakare tar upp på skeden (en så kallad koppningssked) och sörplar i sig är 4–5 milliliter."},{"file":"Kaffekoppning - Ystad 2024.png","src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Kaffekoppning_-_Ystad_2024.png/960px-Kaffekoppning_-_Ystad_2024.png","w":800,"h":409,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Kaffekoppning_-_Ystad_2024.png","author":"Foto: Jonn Leffmann","license":"CC BY 4.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0","caption":"Ett arrangemang för en kaffekoppning på Kompass Kafferosteri i Ystad 4 juni 2024"}],"coords":null,"flag":"","prod":null,"gbif":null,"wd":null,"recipe":null,"inat":null,"cupping":null,"wcr":null},"decaffeination":{"id":"decaffeination","type":"topic","curated":false,"name":"Decaffeination","title":"Decaffeination","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decaffeination","desc":"Removal of caffeine","about":["Decaffeination is the removal of caffeine from coffee beans, cocoa, tea leaves, and other caffeine-containing materials. Decaffeinated products are commonly termed by the abbreviation decaf. To ensure product quality, manufacturers are required to test the newly decaffeinated coffee beans to make sure that caffeine concentration is relatively low. A caffeine content reduction of at least 97% is required under United States FDA standards. A 2006 study found decaffeinated drinks to contain typically 1–2% of the original caffeine content, but sometimes as much as 20%."],"thumb":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Green_Decaffeinated_Brazilian_Coffee_Sack.JPG/500px-Green_Decaffeinated_Brazilian_Coffee_Sack.JPG","photos":[{"file":"Green Decaffeinated Brazilian Coffee Sack.JPG","src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Green_Decaffeinated_Brazilian_Coffee_Sack.JPG/960px-Green_Decaffeinated_Brazilian_Coffee_Sack.JPG","w":800,"h":532,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Green_Decaffeinated_Brazilian_Coffee_Sack.JPG","author":"Jkafader","license":"CC BY-SA 3.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0","caption":"This photo shows a partially-full 130lb sack of green coffee beans. The beans have been decaffeinated using the swiss water process."},{"file":"Kaffee hag newspaper ad.png","src":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/76/Kaffee_hag_newspaper_ad.png","w":800,"h":1244,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Kaffee_hag_newspaper_ad.png","author":"Kaffee HAG","license":"Public domain","licenseUrl":"","caption":"New York newspaper ad for Kaffee HAG. Cropped and contrast adjusted by the uploader."}],"coords":null,"flag":"","prod":null,"gbif":null,"wd":null,"recipe":null,"inat":null,"cupping":null,"wcr":null},"caffeine":{"id":"caffeine","type":"topic","curated":false,"name":"Caffeine","title":"Caffeine","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caffeine","desc":"Central nervous system stimulant","about":["Caffeine is a central nervous system (CNS) stimulant of the methylxanthine class and is the most commonly consumed psychoactive drug globally. It is mainly used for its eugeroic (wakefulness promoting), ergogenic (physical performance-enhancing), or nootropic (cognitive-enhancing) properties (particularly in workplace settings); it is also used recreationally, often in social settings. Caffeine acts by blocking the binding of adenosine at a number of adenosine receptor types, inhibiting the centrally depressant effects of adenosine and enhancing the release of acetylcholine. Caffeine has a three-dimensional structure similar to that of adenosine, which allows it to bind and block its receptors. Caffeine also increases cyclic AMP levels through nonselective inhibition of phosphodiesterase, increases calcium release from intracellular stores, and antagonizes GABA receptors, although these mechanisms typically occur at concentrations beyond usual human consumption.","Caffeine is a bitter, white crystalline purine, a methylxanthine alkaloid, and is chemically related to the adenine and guanine bases of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA). It is found in the seeds, fruits, nuts, or leaves of a number of plants native to Africa, East Asia, and South America and helps to protect them against herbivores and from competition by preventing the germination of nearby seeds, as well as encouraging consumption by select animals such as honey bees. The most common sources of caffeine for human consumption are the tea leaves of the Camellia sinensis plant and the coffee bean, the seed of the Coffea plant. Steeping the plant product in water—a process called infusion—extracts the caffeine and other components for various purposes. Caffeine-containing drinks, such as tea, coffee, and cola, are consumed globally in high volumes. In 2020, almost 10 million tonnes of coffee beans were consumed globally. Caffeine is the world's most widely consumed psychoactive drug. Unlike most other psychoactive substances, caffeine remains largely unregulated and legal in nearly all parts of the world. Caffeine is seen as socially acceptable in most cultures and is encouraged in some."],"thumb":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2b/Caffeinated_spiderwebs_modified.jpg","photos":[{"file":"Caffeinated spiderwebs modified.jpg","src":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2b/Caffeinated_spiderwebs_modified.jpg","w":800,"h":346,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Caffeinated_spiderwebs_modified.jpg","author":"NASA; Derivative work: Looie496 (talk)","license":"CC BY-SA 3.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0","caption":"The effect of caffeine on spider web construction"},{"file":"CaffeineCrystals Fibrous 10xDarkField.jpg","src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/CaffeineCrystals_Fibrous_10xDarkField.jpg/960px-CaffeineCrystals_Fibrous_10xDarkField.jpg","w":800,"h":486,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:CaffeineCrystals_Fibrous_10xDarkField.jpg","author":"Zephyris","license":"CC BY-SA 3.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0","caption":"Fibrous caffeine crystals as viewed by dark field light microscopy. Points where nucleation occurred are clearly visible; nucleation occurred at the points the "},{"file":"Coffee beans2.jpg","src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Coffee_beans2.jpg/960px-Coffee_beans2.jpg","w":800,"h":533,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Coffee_beans2.jpg","author":"Popo le Chien","license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0","caption":"Torrefied coffee beans"},{"file":"Friedlieb Runge.jpg","src":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e7/Friedlieb_Runge.jpg","w":800,"h":1088,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Friedlieb_Runge.jpg","author":"Unknown authorUnknown author","license":"Public domain","licenseUrl":"","caption":"Painted portrait of Friedlieb Ferdinand Runge"},{"file":"Kahvihuone.jpg","src":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Kahvihuone.jpg","w":800,"h":730,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Kahvihuone.jpg","author":"Unknown","license":"Public domain","licenseUrl":"","caption":""},{"file":"No-Doz.jpg","src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/No-Doz.jpg/960px-No-Doz.jpg","w":800,"h":1071,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:No-Doz.jpg","author":"Editor182 (talk)","license":"Public domain","licenseUrl":"","caption":"No-Doz"},{"file":"Caffeine metabolism.png","src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Caffeine_metabolism.png/960px-Caffeine_metabolism.png","w":800,"h":908,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Caffeine_metabolism.png","author":"Unknown","license":"Public domain","licenseUrl":"","caption":""},{"file":"Caffeine molecule ball from xtal (1).png","src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Caffeine_molecule_ball_from_xtal_%281%29.png/960px-Caffeine_molecule_ball_from_xtal_%281%29.png","w":800,"h":715,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Caffeine_molecule_ball_from_xtal_(1).png","author":"Jynto (more from this user)","license":"CC0","licenseUrl":"http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/deed.en","caption":"Ball-and-stick model of the caffeine molecule, the world's most widely consumed psychoactive drug. Atom positions based on crystallographic data (see source). C"}],"coords":null,"flag":"","prod":null,"gbif":null,"wd":{"qid":"Q60235","parts":["oxygen","carbon","nitrogen","hydrogen"],"namedAfter":["coffee"]},"recipe":null,"inat":null,"cupping":null,"wcr":null},"coffee-leaf-rust":{"id":"coffee-leaf-rust","type":"topic","curated":false,"name":"Hemileia vastatrix","title":"Hemileia vastatrix","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hemileia_vastatrix","desc":"Species of fungus that infects coffee plants","about":["Hemileia vastatrix is a multicellular basidiomycete fungus of the order Pucciniales (previously also known as Uredinales) that causes coffee leaf rust (CLR), a disease affecting the coffee plant. Coffee serves as the obligate host of coffee rust, that is, the rust must have access to and come into physical contact with coffee (Coffea sp.) in order to survive.","CLR is one of the most economically important diseases of coffee, worldwide. Previous epidemics have destroyed coffee production of entire countries. In more recent history, an epidemic in Central America in 2012 reduced the region's coffee output by 16%.","The primary pathological mechanism of the fungus is a reduction in the plant's ability to derive energy through photosynthesis by covering the leaves with fungus spores and/or causing leaves to drop from the plant. The reduction in photosynthetic ability (plant's metabolism) results in a reduction in quantity and quality of flower and fruit production, which ultimately reduces the beverage quality."],"thumb":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Coffee-leaf-rust-defoliation.jpg/500px-Coffee-leaf-rust-defoliation.jpg","photos":[{"file":"Coffee-leaf-rust-defoliation.jpg","src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Coffee-leaf-rust-defoliation.jpg/960px-Coffee-leaf-rust-defoliation.jpg","w":800,"h":534,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Coffee-leaf-rust-defoliation.jpg","author":"Michael.C.Wright","license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0","caption":"Significant rust infection and rust-induced defoliation"},{"file":"Hemileia vastatrix.jpg","src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Hemileia_vastatrix.jpg/960px-Hemileia_vastatrix.jpg","w":800,"h":647,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Hemileia_vastatrix.jpg","author":"Howard F. Schwartz","license":"CC BY 3.0 us","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/us/deed.en","caption":"Hemileia vastatrix, causing coffee rust"},{"file":"Hemileia vastatrix - coffee leaf rust.jpg","src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Hemileia_vastatrix_-_coffee_leaf_rust.jpg/960px-Hemileia_vastatrix_-_coffee_leaf_rust.jpg","w":800,"h":600,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Hemileia_vastatrix_-_coffee_leaf_rust.jpg","author":"Smartse","license":"CC BY-SA 3.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0","caption":"A photograph of a coffee leaf infected by Hemileia vastatrix - coffee leaf rust. Some small insects are also visible. Photographed in NW Rwanda in July 2011."},{"file":"Hemileia vastatrix uredinial pustules.png","src":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6e/Hemileia_vastatrix_uredinial_pustules.png","w":800,"h":632,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Hemileia_vastatrix_uredinial_pustules.png","author":"Carvalho et al.","license":"CC BY 2.5","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.5","caption":"Detail of suprastomatal uredinial pustules coalescing over lower leaf surface (bar = 0.5 cm)."}],"coords":null,"flag":"","prod":null,"gbif":null,"wd":null,"recipe":null,"inat":null,"cupping":null,"wcr":null},"coffee-berry-borer":{"id":"coffee-berry-borer","type":"topic","curated":false,"name":"Hypothenemus hampei","title":"Hypothenemus hampei","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypothenemus_hampei","desc":"Species of beetle","about":["Hypothenemus hampei, the coffee berry borer, is a small beetle native to Africa. It is the most harmful insect pest of coffee worldwide. Spanish common names of the insect include barrenador del café (coffee borer), gorgojo del café (coffee weevil), and broca del café (coffee drill)."],"thumb":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Hypothenemus.jpg/500px-Hypothenemus.jpg","photos":[{"file":"Hypothenemus.jpg","src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Hypothenemus.jpg/960px-Hypothenemus.jpg","w":800,"h":634,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Hypothenemus.jpg","author":"L. Shyamal","license":"CC BY-SA 3.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0","caption":"Hypothenemus hampei. Mudigere, Karnataka."},{"file":"Hypothenemus entry.jpg","src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Hypothenemus_entry.jpg/960px-Hypothenemus_entry.jpg","w":800,"h":566,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Hypothenemus_entry.jpg","author":"L. Shyamal","license":"CC BY-SA 3.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0","caption":"Entry hole of Hypothenemus on coffee berry. Mudigere, Karnataka."},{"file":"Berry-borer.png","src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Berry-borer.png/960px-Berry-borer.png","w":800,"h":503,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Berry-borer.png","author":"Michael.C.Wright","license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0","caption":"Coffee borer beetle entering and exiting a coffee cherry."}],"coords":null,"flag":"","prod":null,"gbif":null,"wd":null,"recipe":null,"inat":null,"cupping":null,"wcr":null},"kopi-luwak":{"id":"kopi-luwak","type":"topic","curated":false,"name":"Kopi luwak","title":"Kopi luwak","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kopi_luwak","desc":"Indonesian coffee","about":["Kopi luwak (Indonesian pronunciation: [ˈkopi ˈlu.aʔ]), also known as civet coffee, is a coffee that consists of partially digested coffee cherries, which have been eaten and defecated by the Asian palm civet (Paradoxurus hermaphroditus). The cherries are fermented as they pass through a civet's intestines, and after being defecated with other fecal matter, they are collected.","Although kopi luwak is a form of processing rather than a variety of coffee, it is known as one of the most expensive coffees in the world, with retail prices reaching $100 per kilogram ($45/lb) for farmed beans and $1,000 per kilogram ($450/lb) for wild-collected beans. Another epithet for it is the \"Holy Grail of coffees\"."],"thumb":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Kopi_Luwak_Gayo%2C_Takengon%2C_Aceh.jpg/500px-Kopi_Luwak_Gayo%2C_Takengon%2C_Aceh.jpg","photos":[{"file":"Kopi Luwak Gayo, Takengon, Aceh.jpg","src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Kopi_Luwak_Gayo%2C_Takengon%2C_Aceh.jpg/960px-Kopi_Luwak_Gayo%2C_Takengon%2C_Aceh.jpg","w":800,"h":806,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Kopi_Luwak_Gayo,_Takengon,_Aceh.jpg","author":"Gunawan Kartapranata","license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0","caption":"Kopi Luwak (civet coffee) from Gayo, Takengon, Aceh, Indonesia."},{"file":"Kopi Luwak already digested by Asian Palm Civet.jpg","src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Kopi_Luwak_already_digested_by_Asian_Palm_Civet.jpg/960px-Kopi_Luwak_already_digested_by_Asian_Palm_Civet.jpg","w":800,"h":1067,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Kopi_Luwak_already_digested_by_Asian_Palm_Civet.jpg","author":"Vberger","license":"Public domain","licenseUrl":"","caption":"Base for en:Kopi Luwak in a coffee plantation, east Java. Kopi Luwak already digested by Asian Palm Civet, but before cleaning and roasting."},{"file":"Kopi luwak 090910-0075 lamb.JPG","src":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3b/Kopi_luwak_090910-0075_lamb.JPG","w":800,"h":707,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Kopi_luwak_090910-0075_lamb.JPG","author":"Wibowo Djatmiko (Wie146)","license":"CC BY-SA 3.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0","caption":"Kopi luwak, coffee seeds from faeces of palm civet. Lampung, Indonesia"},{"file":"Luwak.jpg","src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Luwak.jpg/960px-Luwak.jpg","w":800,"h":533,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Luwak.jpg","author":"Jordy Meow","license":"CC BY 3.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0","caption":"Piti luwak."},{"file":"Luwak (civet cat) in cage.jpg","src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Luwak_%28civet_cat%29_in_cage.jpg/960px-Luwak_%28civet_cat%29_in_cage.jpg","w":800,"h":600,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Luwak_(civet_cat)_in_cage.jpg","author":"surtr","license":"CC BY-SA 2.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.0","caption":"Civet kept caged for kopi luwak production"},{"file":"Roasted Palawan Wild Civet Coffee1.jpg","src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Roasted_Palawan_Wild_Civet_Coffee1.jpg/960px-Roasted_Palawan_Wild_Civet_Coffee1.jpg","w":800,"h":708,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Roasted_Palawan_Wild_Civet_Coffee1.jpg","author":"Unknown","license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0","caption":""}],"coords":null,"flag":"","prod":null,"gbif":null,"wd":{"qid":"Q213908","origin":["Indonesia"]},"recipe":null,"inat":null,"cupping":null,"wcr":null},"specialty-coffee":{"id":"specialty-coffee","type":"topic","curated":false,"name":"Specialty coffee","title":"Specialty coffee","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Specialty_coffee","desc":"Term for highest-grade coffee","about":["Specialty coffee is a term for the highest grade of coffee available, typically relating to the entire supply chain, using single-origin or single-estate coffee. The term was first used in 1974 by Erna Knutsen in an issue of Tea & Coffee Trade Journal. Knutsen used specialty coffee to describe beans of the best flavor which are produced in special micro-climates.","Specialty coffee is related to the farmers and the brewer what is known as the third wave of coffee, especially throughout North America. This refers to a modern demand for exceptional quality coffee, both farmed and brewed to a significantly higher than average standard."],"thumb":"","photos":[],"coords":null,"flag":"","prod":null,"gbif":null,"wd":null,"recipe":null,"inat":null,"cupping":null,"wcr":null},"third-wave-coffee":{"id":"third-wave-coffee","type":"topic","curated":false,"name":"Third-wave coffee","title":"Third-wave coffee","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Third-wave_coffee","desc":"Coffee movement emphasizing quality","about":["Third-wave coffee is a term primarily in the United States  coffee industry emphasizing higher quality,  single-origin farms and light roast to bring out distinctive flavors. Though the term was coined in 1999, the approach originated in the 1970s, with roasters such as the Coffee Connection."],"thumb":"","photos":[],"coords":null,"flag":"","prod":null,"gbif":null,"wd":{"qid":"Q7785004","since":"1970"},"recipe":null,"inat":null,"cupping":null,"wcr":null},"fair-trade-coffee":{"id":"fair-trade-coffee","type":"topic","curated":false,"name":"Fair-trade coffee","title":"Fair-trade coffee","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fair-trade_coffee","desc":"Coffee certified as produced to fair-trade standards","about":["Fair-trade coffee is coffee that is certified as having been produced to fair-trade standards by fair-trade organizations, which create trading partnerships that are based on dialogue, transparency and respect, with the goal of achieving greater equity in international trade. These partnerships contribute to sustainable development by offering better trading conditions to coffee bean farmers. Fair-trade organizations support producers and sustainable environmental farming practices and prohibit child labor or forced labor."],"thumb":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Coffee_sorting_process%2C_near_Hawassa.jpg/500px-Coffee_sorting_process%2C_near_Hawassa.jpg","photos":[{"file":"Coffee beans being sorted and pulped.jpg","src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Coffee_beans_being_sorted_and_pulped.jpg/960px-Coffee_beans_being_sorted_and_pulped.jpg","w":800,"h":600,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Coffee_beans_being_sorted_and_pulped.jpg","author":"Unknown","license":"CC BY-SA 2.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.0","caption":""},{"file":"Coffee sorting process, near Hawassa.jpg","src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Coffee_sorting_process%2C_near_Hawassa.jpg/960px-Coffee_sorting_process%2C_near_Hawassa.jpg","w":800,"h":600,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Coffee_sorting_process,_near_Hawassa.jpg","author":"Niels Van Iperen","license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0","caption":"This is an image of \"African people at work\" from"},{"file":"El Puente Fairer Handel Kaffee.jpg","src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/El_Puente_Fairer_Handel_Kaffee.jpg/960px-El_Puente_Fairer_Handel_Kaffee.jpg","w":800,"h":600,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:El_Puente_Fairer_Handel_Kaffee.jpg","author":"Fairytale111","license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0","caption":"Image"}],"coords":null,"flag":"","prod":null,"gbif":null,"wd":null,"recipe":null,"inat":null,"cupping":null,"wcr":null},"instant-coffee":{"id":"instant-coffee","type":"topic","curated":false,"name":"Instant coffee","title":"Instant coffee","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Instant_coffee","desc":"Drink made by rehydrating powdered coffee","about":["Instant coffee is a beverage derived from processed brewed coffee beans that is quickly prepared by adding hot water or milk to powdered solid coffee extracts. Instant coffee solids in powdered or crystallized form (also called soluble coffee, coffee extract, coffee crystals, coffee powder, or powdered coffee, and often sold as \"instant coffee\") refers to dehydrated and packaged solids used to make the instant coffee beverage. The product was invented in 1890 in Invercargill, Southland, New Zealand by David Strang. Instant coffee solids are commercially prepared by either freeze-drying or spray drying coffee beverage. Instant coffee is also manufactured in a concentrated liquid form.","Instant coffee has advantages over coffee brewed from ground coffee beans including speed of preparation (instant coffee dissolves quickly in hot water), lower shipping weight and volume than beans or ground coffee for the same amount of beverage, and long shelf life—though instant coffee can spoil if not kept dry. However, the beverage made from ground coffee is considered to have superior quality and taste. Instant coffee also reduces cleanup since there are no coffee grounds. At least one study has found that instant coffee has a lower environmental footprint than drip filter coffee and capsule espresso coffee, on a prepared beverage basis, disregarding quality and appeal of the beverage produced."],"thumb":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Close-up_of_a_granule_of_Gold_Blend_instant_coffee.jpg/500px-Close-up_of_a_granule_of_Gold_Blend_instant_coffee.jpg","photos":[{"file":"Close-up of a granule of Gold Blend instant coffee.jpg","src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Close-up_of_a_granule_of_Gold_Blend_instant_coffee.jpg/960px-Close-up_of_a_granule_of_Gold_Blend_instant_coffee.jpg","w":800,"h":610,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Close-up_of_a_granule_of_Gold_Blend_instant_coffee.jpg","author":"AJC1 from UK","license":"CC BY-SA 2.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.0","caption":"It was over in an instant. Well, 1/250th second to be precise. But you wouldn't believe how many grains I had to audition for this shot. Tokina 100mm macro + 68"},{"file":"CupSoupChicken.jpg","src":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d5/CupSoupChicken.jpg","w":800,"h":1024,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:CupSoupChicken.jpg","author":"Alex Jones","license":"Public domain","licenseUrl":"","caption":"A prepared Chicken & Vegetable Cup-a-soup"},{"file":"David Strang Coffee Mills.JPG","src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/David_Strang_Coffee_Mills.JPG/960px-David_Strang_Coffee_Mills.JPG","w":800,"h":600,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:David_Strang_Coffee_Mills.JPG","author":"SouthlandInfo","license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0","caption":"Photograph of David Strang Coffee Mills"},{"file":"Instant Coffee In a Glass Jar.jpg","src":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/84/Instant_Coffee_In_a_Glass_Jar.jpg","w":800,"h":1067,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Instant_Coffee_In_a_Glass_Jar.jpg","author":"CYYK","license":"Public domain","licenseUrl":"","caption":"Instant Coffee In a Glass Jar."},{"file":"Instant coffee.jpg","src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Instant_coffee.jpg/960px-Instant_coffee.jpg","w":800,"h":600,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Instant_coffee.jpg","author":"Editor at Large","license":"CC BY-SA 2.5","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.5","caption":"Instant coffee."},{"file":"Production freeze dryer.JPG","src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Production_freeze_dryer.JPG/960px-Production_freeze_dryer.JPG","w":800,"h":759,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Production_freeze_dryer.JPG","author":"en:user:Millrock","license":"Public domain","licenseUrl":"","caption":"Production freeze dryer"},{"file":"Sainsbury's Gold Roast Freeze Dried Instant Coffee granules.jpg","src":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/25/Sainsbury%27s_Gold_Roast_Freeze_Dried_Instant_Coffee_granules.jpg","w":800,"h":533,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Sainsbury%27s_Gold_Roast_Freeze_Dried_Instant_Coffee_granules.jpg","author":"Sprogz from UK","license":"CC BY 2.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0","caption":"Close up of some Sainsbury's Gold Roast Freeze Dried Instant Coffee granules. It's fair to say, like these coffee granules, my inspiration is pretty dried out t"},{"file":"Una tazza di caffè solubile 8.jpg","src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Una_tazza_di_caff%C3%A8_solubile_8.jpg/960px-Una_tazza_di_caff%C3%A8_solubile_8.jpg","w":800,"h":1067,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Una_tazza_di_caff%C3%A8_solubile_8.jpg","author":"Ajsm712","license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0","caption":"A cup of coffee made from Nescafé Clasico Instant Coffee"}],"coords":null,"flag":"","prod":null,"gbif":null,"wd":null,"recipe":null,"inat":null,"cupping":null,"wcr":null},"coffeehouse":{"id":"coffeehouse","type":"topic","curated":false,"name":"Coffeehouse","title":"Coffeehouse","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coffeehouse","desc":"Establishment that serves coffee","about":["A coffeehouse, coffee shop, or café, is an establishment that serves various types of coffee drinks like espresso, latte, americano, and cappuccino, as well as other beverages. An espresso bar specializes in serving espresso and espresso-based drinks. Some coffeehouses may serve iced coffee among other cold drinks, as well as non-caffeinated drinks. A coffeehouse may also serve food, such as light snacks, sandwiches, muffins, cakes, breads, pastries, or doughnuts. Many doughnut shops in Canada and the US serve coffee to accompany doughnuts, so these can also be classified as coffee shops, although doughnut shops tend to be more casual and serve cheaper fare (suiting take-out and drive-through, popular in those countries). In continental Europe, some cafés even serve alcoholic drinks, and in West Asia, coffeehouses may offer a flavored tobacco smoked through a hookah, called shisha in most varieties of Arabic or nargile in Levantine Arabic, Greek, and Turkish.","While café may mean a coffeehouse, it tends to have a different meaning in Britain: a diner or \"greasy spoon\"; it is also used for a teahouse or other casual eating and drinking place. A coffeehouse may resemble a bar or restaurant, but differs from a cafeteria (a canteen, a restaurant without table service). Coffeehouse operation ranges from management of an independent venue by its owner to franchises of a large multinational corporation."],"thumb":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/%27Dantzig_aan_de_Amstel%27_Amsterdam_%284968473536%29.jpg/500px-%27Dantzig_aan_de_Amstel%27_Amsterdam_%284968473536%29.jpg","photos":[{"file":"'Dantzig aan de Amstel' Amsterdam (4968473536).jpg","src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/%27Dantzig_aan_de_Amstel%27_Amsterdam_%284968473536%29.jpg/960px-%27Dantzig_aan_de_Amstel%27_Amsterdam_%284968473536%29.jpg","w":800,"h":533,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:%27Dantzig_aan_de_Amstel%27_Amsterdam_(4968473536).jpg","author":"FaceMePLS from The Hague, The Netherlands","license":"CC BY 2.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0","caption":"Café restaurant"},{"file":"1004-CoffeeSceneCairo18th.jpg","src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/1004-CoffeeSceneCairo18th.jpg/960px-1004-CoffeeSceneCairo18th.jpg","w":800,"h":539,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:1004-CoffeeSceneCairo18th.jpg","author":"G. W. Seitz","license":"Public domain","licenseUrl":"","caption":"Cairo: a coffee-house with men sitting on wooden benches to smoke and drink. Colour lithograph by G.W. Seitz, ca. 1878, after Carl Werner, 1871."},{"file":"2019 02 Rustic Barista Specialty Coffee Korat 01.jpg","src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/2019_02_Rustic_Barista_Specialty_Coffee_Korat_01.jpg/960px-2019_02_Rustic_Barista_Specialty_Coffee_Korat_01.jpg","w":800,"h":533,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:2019_02_Rustic_Barista_Specialty_Coffee_Korat_01.jpg","author":"Takeaway","license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0","caption":"Rustic Barista Specialty Coffee in Korat"},{"file":"260606 Mugenan Kaga Ishikawa pref Japan12o.JPG","src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/260606_Mugenan_Kaga_Ishikawa_pref_Japan12o.JPG/960px-260606_Mugenan_Kaga_Ishikawa_pref_Japan12o.JPG","w":800,"h":533,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:260606_Mugenan_Kaga_Ishikawa_pref_Japan12o.JPG","author":"663highland","license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0","caption":"Mugenan in Kaga, Ishikawa prefecture, Japan"},{"file":"32 Terrassa de les Moreres, davant el Casal, pg. Joan Creus Cañellas 2 (Salomó).jpg","src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/32_Terrassa_de_les_Moreres%2C_davant_el_Casal%2C_pg._Joan_Creus_Ca%C3%B1ellas_2_%28Salom%C3%B3%29.jpg/960px-32_Terrassa_de_les_Moreres%2C_davant_el_Casal%2C_pg._Joan_Creus_Ca%C3%B1ellas_2_%28Salom%C3%B3%29.jpg","w":800,"h":600,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:32_Terrassa_de_les_Moreres,_davant_el_Casal,_pg._Joan_Creus_Ca%C3%B1ellas_2_(Salom%C3%B3).jpg","author":"Enric","license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0","caption":"Terrassa de les Moreres, davant el Casal, pg. Joan Creus Cañellas 2 (Salomó)"},{"file":"Avenida de Mayo Café Tortoni.jpg","src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Avenida_de_Mayo_Caf%C3%A9_Tortoni.jpg/960px-Avenida_de_Mayo_Caf%C3%A9_Tortoni.jpg","w":800,"h":599,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Avenida_de_Mayo_Caf%C3%A9_Tortoni.jpg","author":"Roberto Fiadone is the author of this work","license":"CC BY-SA 3.0","licenseUrl":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/","caption":"Café Tortoni, en Avenida de mayo, Buenos Aires"},{"file":"Baliuagjf1696 08.JPG","src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Baliuagjf1696_08.JPG/960px-Baliuagjf1696_08.JPG","w":800,"h":1067,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Baliuagjf1696_08.JPG","author":"Ramon FVelasquez","license":"CC BY-SA 3.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0","caption":"Baliuag, Bulacan[1][2][3]"},{"file":"Bulevardin Ekberg talvella - Marit Henriksson.jpg","src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Bulevardin_Ekberg_talvella_-_Marit_Henriksson.jpg/960px-Bulevardin_Ekberg_talvella_-_Marit_Henriksson.jpg","w":800,"h":800,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Bulevardin_Ekberg_talvella_-_Marit_Henriksson.jpg","author":"Marit Henriksson","license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0","caption":"This is a photo of a monument in Finland identified by the ID 'Esplanadi-Bulevardi' (Q30560088) - RKY: 4630"}],"coords":null,"flag":"","prod":null,"gbif":null,"wd":null,"recipe":null,"inat":null,"cupping":null,"wcr":null},"kopitiam":{"id":"kopitiam","type":"topic","curated":false,"name":"Kopitiam","title":"Kopitiam","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kopitiam","desc":"Coffee shop in Southeast Asian countries","about":["A kopitiam or kopi tiam is a type of coffee shop found in Indonesia (particularly in Sumatra and Kalimantan), Malaysia, Singapore, Brunei and Southern Thailand, patronised for meals and drinks, and traditionally operated by the Chinese communities of these countries.","The word kopi is the Indonesian and Malay term for 'coffee', while tiam derives from the Hokkien term for 'shop' (Chinese: 店; Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tiàm)."],"thumb":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/CoffeeShopSG.JPG/500px-CoffeeShopSG.JPG","photos":[{"file":"CoffeeShopSG.JPG","src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/CoffeeShopSG.JPG/960px-CoffeeShopSG.JPG","w":800,"h":600,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:CoffeeShopSG.JPG","author":"mailer_diablo","license":"CC BY-SA 3.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0","caption":"An open-air kopitiam (coffee shop) in Bendemeer, Singapore."},{"file":"Kopi O.jpg","src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Kopi_O.jpg/960px-Kopi_O.jpg","w":800,"h":600,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Kopi_O.jpg","author":"Digital Terrorist","license":"CC BY-SA 2.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.0","caption":"A traditional Kopi O cup commonly served in Singapore. It is black coffee served with sugar. The coffee beans are roasted with sugar and butter."},{"file":"Malaysian Kopitiam.jpg","src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Malaysian_Kopitiam.jpg/960px-Malaysian_Kopitiam.jpg","w":800,"h":600,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Malaysian_Kopitiam.jpg","author":"ReySussy","license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0","caption":"K1 Coffeeshop in the night time"},{"file":"OldTown White Coffee Outlet.jpg","src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/OldTown_White_Coffee_Outlet.jpg/960px-OldTown_White_Coffee_Outlet.jpg","w":800,"h":544,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:OldTown_White_Coffee_Outlet.jpg","author":"Benjy8769","license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0","caption":"OldTown White Coffee Outlet in Taman Permata, Kuala Lumpur"}],"coords":null,"flag":"","prod":null,"gbif":null,"wd":null,"recipe":null,"inat":null,"cupping":null,"wcr":null},"coffee-ceremony-of-ethiopia-and-eritrea":{"id":"coffee-ceremony-of-ethiopia-and-eritrea","type":"topic","curated":false,"name":"Coffee ceremony of Ethiopia and Eritrea","title":"Coffee ceremony of Ethiopia and Eritrea","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coffee_ceremony_of_Ethiopia_and_Eritrea","desc":"Coffee culture of Ethiopia and Eritrea","about":["The Ethiopian coffee ceremony is a coffee culture practiced in Ethiopia and Eritrea. There is a routine of serving coffee daily, mainly for the purpose of getting together with relatives, neighbors, or other visitors. If coffee is politely declined, then tea will most likely be served.","Loose grass is spread on the floor where the coffee ceremony is held, often decorated with small yellow flowers. Composite flowers are sometimes used, especially around the celebration of Meskel (an Orthodox holiday celebrated by Ethiopians and Eritreans)."],"thumb":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ea/Ethcofcerm.jpg","photos":[{"file":"Ethcofcerm.jpg","src":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ea/Ethcofcerm.jpg","w":800,"h":1092,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Ethcofcerm.jpg","author":"sameffron","license":"CC BY-SA 2.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.0","caption":"An Ethiopian woman preparing Ethiopian coffee at a traditional ceremony. She roasts, crushes and brews the coffee on the spot."},{"file":"Himbasha.jpg","src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Himbasha.jpg/960px-Himbasha.jpg","w":800,"h":600,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Himbasha.jpg","author":"Temesgen Woldezion (edited by Merhawie Woldezion)","license":"CC BY-SA 2.5","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.5","caption":"Himbasha a traditional Eritrean celebration bread."}],"coords":null,"flag":"","prod":null,"gbif":null,"wd":null,"recipe":null,"inat":null,"cupping":null,"wcr":null},"espresso-extraction":{"id":"espresso-extraction","type":"topic","curated":false,"name":"Coffee extraction","title":"Coffee extraction","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coffee_extraction","desc":"Extraction of chemical compounds from coffee grounds","about":["Coffee extraction occurs when hot water is poured over coffee grounds, causing desirable compounds such as caffeine, carbohydrates, lipids, melanoidins and acids to be extracted from the grounds. The degree to which extraction occurs depends on a number of factors, such as water temperature, brewing time, grind fineness, and quantity of grounds."],"thumb":"","photos":[],"coords":null,"flag":"","prod":null,"gbif":null,"wd":null,"recipe":null,"inat":null,"cupping":null,"wcr":null},"latte-art":{"id":"latte-art","type":"topic","curated":false,"name":"Latte art","title":"Latte art","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latte_art","desc":"Type of decoration on coffee","about":["Latte art is a method of preparing coffee created by pouring microfoam into a shot of espresso and resulting in a pattern or design on the surface of the caffè latte, cappuccino or hot chocolate. It can also be created or embellished by simply \"drawing\" in the top layer of foam. Latte art is particularly difficult to create consistently, due to the demanding conditions required of both the espresso shot and milk. This, in turn, is limited by the experience of the barista, type of milk, and quality of the espresso machine."],"thumb":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/3D_Pikachu_Latte_Art_-_Harajuku_%2828080147878%29.jpg/500px-3D_Pikachu_Latte_Art_-_Harajuku_%2828080147878%29.jpg","photos":[{"file":"3D Pikachu Latte Art - Harajuku (28080147878).jpg","src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/3D_Pikachu_Latte_Art_-_Harajuku_%2828080147878%29.jpg/960px-3D_Pikachu_Latte_Art_-_Harajuku_%2828080147878%29.jpg","w":800,"h":600,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:3D_Pikachu_Latte_Art_-_Harajuku_(28080147878).jpg","author":"Ajay Suresh from New York, NY, USA","license":"CC BY 2.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0","caption":"OLYMPUS DIGITAL CAMERA"},{"file":"Latte art \"Rosetta\".jpg","src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Latte_art_%22Rosetta%22.jpg/960px-Latte_art_%22Rosetta%22.jpg","w":800,"h":800,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Latte_art_%22Rosetta%22.jpg","author":"Maxstein5","license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0","caption":"A picture of a cappucino with the rosetta latte art pattern shaped into its microfoam"},{"file":"Latte with winged tulip art.jpg","src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Latte_with_winged_tulip_art.jpg/960px-Latte_with_winged_tulip_art.jpg","w":800,"h":800,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Latte_with_winged_tulip_art.jpg","author":"Maxstein5","license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0","caption":"A latte from a cafe in Boston with a type of \"tulip\" latte art called a winged tulip"}],"coords":null,"flag":"","prod":null,"gbif":null,"wd":{"qid":"Q1030069","parts":["latte","microfoam"]},"recipe":null,"inat":null,"cupping":null,"wcr":null},"cup-of-excellence":{"id":"cup-of-excellence","type":"topic","curated":false,"name":"Cup of Excellence","title":"Cup of Excellence","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cup_of_Excellence","desc":"Award","about":["The Cup of Excellence is an annual competition held in several countries to identify the highest quality coffees produced. It is organized by the Alliance for Coffee Excellence, which was founded by George Howell, Susie Spindler and Silvio Leite. The Cup of Excellence has worked to fundamentally change the high quality coffee industry and has supported advances in farming and premiums to farmers that would have been impossible without it."],"thumb":"","photos":[],"coords":null,"flag":"","prod":null,"gbif":null,"wd":{"qid":"Q795198","since":"1999"},"recipe":null,"inat":null,"cupping":null,"wcr":null},"coffee-in-italy":{"id":"coffee-in-italy","type":"topic","curated":false,"name":"Coffee in Italy","title":"Coffee in Italy","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coffee_in_Italy","desc":"","about":["Coffee in Italy is an important part of Italian food culture. Italians are well known for their special attention to the preparation, the selection of the blends, and the use of accessories when creating many types of coffees. Many of the types of coffee preparation known today also have their roots here. The main coffee port in Italy is Trieste where there is also a lot of coffee processing industry. Italian coffee consumption, often espresso, is highest in the city of Naples. Naples is also the city with the strongest coffee tradition in Italy. In 2021, both Naples and Trieste expressed their intention to apply for the recognition of their coffee culture as UNESCO heritage. In Trieste, the consumption of coffee is 1,500 cups per person per year. That is about twice as much as is usually drunk in Italy.","Caffè (pronounced [kafˈfɛ]) is the Italian word for coffee and probably originates from Kaffa (Arabic: قهوة, romanized: Qahwa), the region in Ethiopia where coffee originated. The Muslims first used and distributed it worldwide from the port of Mokha in Yemen, after which the Europeans named it mokka. Caffè may refer to the Italian way of preparing a coffee, an espresso, or occasionally used as a synonym for the European coffee bar."],"thumb":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Caff%C3%A8_roasting.jpg/500px-Caff%C3%A8_roasting.jpg","photos":[{"file":"Caffè roasting.jpg","src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Caff%C3%A8_roasting.jpg/960px-Caff%C3%A8_roasting.jpg","w":800,"h":450,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Caff%C3%A8_roasting.jpg","author":"MarcoMotti123","license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0","caption":"Caffè"},{"file":"Coffee roastery Palermo134.jpg","src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Coffee_roastery_Palermo134.jpg/960px-Coffee_roastery_Palermo134.jpg","w":800,"h":533,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Coffee_roastery_Palermo134.jpg","author":"User:Matthias Süßen","license":"CC BY 3.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0","caption":"Coffee roastery in Palermo, Italy"},{"file":"Linea doubleespresso.jpg","src":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f7/Linea_doubleespresso.jpg","w":800,"h":800,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Linea_doubleespresso.jpg","author":"The original uploader was Coffeegeek at English Wikipedia.","license":"Public domain","licenseUrl":"","caption":"Image by Mark Prince, CoffeeGeek.com, 2006, rights released for wikipedia. Image can also be found at https://www.flickr.com/photos/coffeegeek/113110988/"},{"file":"Papst Clemens VIII Italian 17th century.jpg","src":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c9/Papst_Clemens_VIII_Italian_17th_century.jpg","w":800,"h":1004,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Papst_Clemens_VIII_Italian_17th_century.jpg","author":"Unidentified painter","license":"Public domain","licenseUrl":"","caption":""},{"file":"Trieste (28766391880).jpg","src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Trieste_%2828766391880%29.jpg/960px-Trieste_%2828766391880%29.jpg","w":800,"h":534,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Trieste_(28766391880).jpg","author":"Nick Savchenko from Kiev, Ukraine","license":"CC BY-SA 2.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.0","caption":"Trieste"},{"file":"Moka Express Bialetti.png","src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Moka_Express_Bialetti.png/960px-Moka_Express_Bialetti.png","w":800,"h":919,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Moka_Express_Bialetti.png","author":"Bialetti Industrie","license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0","caption":"Eccellente esempio di Art Deco, la Moka ha un design che è stato perfezionato negli anni per rendere quest’icona uno strumento sempre più ergonomico e dalle for"}],"coords":null,"flag":"","prod":null,"gbif":null,"wd":{"qid":"Q17075804","origin":["Italy"],"namedAfter":["coffee"]},"recipe":null,"inat":null,"cupping":null,"wcr":null},"arabic-coffee":{"id":"arabic-coffee","type":"topic","curated":false,"name":"Arabic coffee","title":"Arabic coffee","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arabic_coffee","desc":"Black coffee popular in the Middle East","about":["Arabic coffee, known in Arabic as qahwa (Arabic: قهوة), is a family of brewed coffee made from Coffea arabica beans. Most Arab countries throughout the Middle East developed distinct methods for brewing and preparing coffee. Cardamom is an often-added spice, but it can also be served plain or with sugar.","Arabic coffee is bitter and usually served without sugar. It is typically brewed in a dallah or cezve, and served in a small cup decorated with a pattern, known as a finjān. Culturally, Arabic coffee is served during family gatherings or when receiving guests, with its preparation reflecting local customs.","Arabic coffee originated in Greater Yemen, beginning in the port city of Mokha in Yemen and eventually travelling to Mecca in Hejaz, Egypt, the Levant, and then, in the mid-16th century, to Turkey and from there to Europe where coffee eventually became popular as well. Arabic coffee is an Intangible Cultural Heritage of Arab states, confirmed by UNESCO. Every year on 3 March, Yemenis celebrate the \"Yemeni Coffee Day,\" a national festival to encourage coffee cultivation."],"thumb":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/49/A_dallah_a_traditional_Arabic_coffee_pot_with_cups_and_coffee_beans.jpg","photos":[{"file":"1004-CoffeeSceneCairo18th.jpg","src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/1004-CoffeeSceneCairo18th.jpg/960px-1004-CoffeeSceneCairo18th.jpg","w":800,"h":539,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:1004-CoffeeSceneCairo18th.jpg","author":"G. W. Seitz","license":"Public domain","licenseUrl":"","caption":"Cairo: a coffee-house with men sitting on wooden benches to smoke and drink. Colour lithograph by G.W. Seitz, ca. 1878, after Carl Werner, 1871."},{"file":"A dallah a traditional Arabic coffee pot with cups and coffee beans.jpg","src":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/49/A_dallah_a_traditional_Arabic_coffee_pot_with_cups_and_coffee_beans.jpg","w":800,"h":794,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:A_dallah_a_traditional_Arabic_coffee_pot_with_cups_and_coffee_beans.jpg","author":"Canbel","license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0","caption":"A dallah a traditional Arab coffee pot with cups and coffee beans"},{"file":"Arabic coffee2.jpg","src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Arabic_coffee2.jpg/960px-Arabic_coffee2.jpg","w":800,"h":600,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Arabic_coffee2.jpg","author":"Ali from Riyadh : ) from Riyadh, Saudi Arabia","license":"CC BY 2.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0","caption":"فنجال قهوة عربية"},{"file":"Arabic coffee 6.jpg","src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Arabic_coffee_6.jpg/960px-Arabic_coffee_6.jpg","w":800,"h":800,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Arabic_coffee_6.jpg","author":"Abdulla Al Muhairi","license":"CC BY 2.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0","caption":"Arabic coffee"},{"file":"Arabic coffee with logaimat.jpg","src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Arabic_coffee_with_logaimat.jpg/960px-Arabic_coffee_with_logaimat.jpg","w":800,"h":1067,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Arabic_coffee_with_logaimat.jpg","author":"Mojackjutaily","license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0","caption":"Cup of coffee"},{"file":"Coffee Souq Waqif Doha.jpg","src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Coffee_Souq_Waqif_Doha.jpg/960px-Coffee_Souq_Waqif_Doha.jpg","w":800,"h":588,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Coffee_Souq_Waqif_Doha.jpg","author":"StellarD","license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0","caption":"Arabic coffee at Souq Waqif in Doha, Qatar."},{"file":"Coffee ceremony, Iraq people of the marshes 1978 - panoramio.jpg","src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Coffee_ceremony%2C_Iraq_people_of_the_marshes_1978_-_panoramio.jpg/960px-Coffee_ceremony%2C_Iraq_people_of_the_marshes_1978_-_panoramio.jpg","w":800,"h":527,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Coffee_ceremony,_Iraq_people_of_the_marshes_1978_-_panoramio.jpg","author":"Paul Dober","license":"CC BY 3.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0","caption":"Coffee ceremony, Iraq people of the marshes 1978"},{"file":"Jerusalem cafe du rue 1858.jpg","src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Jerusalem_cafe_du_rue_1858.jpg/960px-Jerusalem_cafe_du_rue_1858.jpg","w":800,"h":1078,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Jerusalem_cafe_du_rue_1858.jpg","author":"E. Pierotti","license":"Public domain","licenseUrl":"","caption":"arab men smoking pipe and drinking turkish coffee in a coffee shop corner in jerusalem"}],"coords":null,"flag":"","prod":null,"gbif":null,"wd":{"qid":"Q1150728","origin":["Arabian Peninsula","Yemen"]},"recipe":null,"inat":null,"cupping":null,"wcr":null},"torrefacto":{"id":"torrefacto","type":"topic","curated":false,"name":"Torrefacto","title":"Torrefacto","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Torrefacto","desc":"Particular process of roasting coffee beans","about":["Torrefacto refers to a particular process of roasting coffee beans, common in Spain, Paraguay, Portugal, Mexico, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Uruguay and Argentina. The process involves adding a certain amount of sugar during roasting in order to glaze the beans. By adding the additional sugar to the beans it increases the effects of the Maillard reaction during the roasting process, thus giving the beans more of that distinct flavor. The glazed beans are then mixed with normal roasted beans. While originally a cheap way of preserving the coffee beans in the 1920s, due to the common use of low-grade Robusta coffee the process was also used to hide negative aroma taste characteristics of the coffee.","The addition of sugar during the torrefacto roasting process increases the production of compounds with antioxidant properties. Both ground and brewed torrefacto coffee has higher antioxidant capacity than standard roasts, decreased pro-oxidant activities were also observed in a study. In addition, the espresso method of extraction yielded higher antioxidant activity than other brewing methods."],"thumb":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Espresso-roasted_coffee_beans.jpg/500px-Espresso-roasted_coffee_beans.jpg","photos":[{"file":"Espresso-roasted coffee beans.jpg","src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Espresso-roasted_coffee_beans.jpg/960px-Espresso-roasted_coffee_beans.jpg","w":800,"h":1067,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Espresso-roasted_coffee_beans.jpg","author":"Unknown","license":"CC BY-SA 3.0","licenseUrl":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/","caption":""}],"coords":null,"flag":"","prod":null,"gbif":null,"wd":{"qid":"Q48782623","origin":["Mexico","Cuba"],"parts":["coffee roasting"],"since":"2000"},"recipe":null,"inat":null,"cupping":null,"wcr":null},"coffee-substitute":{"id":"coffee-substitute","type":"topic","curated":false,"name":"Coffee substitute","title":"Coffee substitute","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coffee_substitute","desc":"Non-coffee products used to imitate coffee","about":["Coffee substitutes are non-coffee products, usually without caffeine, that are used to imitate coffee. Coffee substitutes can be used for medical, economic and religious reasons, or simply because coffee is not readily available. Roasted grain beverages are common substitutes for coffee.","In World War II, acorns were used to make coffee, as well as roasted chicory and grain. Postum, a bran and molasses beverage, also became a popular coffee substitute during this time. During the American Civil War coffee was also scarce in the Southern United States:","For the stimulating property to which both tea and coffee owe their chief value, there is unfortunately no substitute; the best we can do is to dilute the little stocks which still remain, and cheat the palate, if we cannot deceive the nerves.","Things like rye and ground sweet potato were some of the most popular substitutes at this time.","Coffee substitutes are sometimes used in preparing food and drink served to children, to people who believe that coffee is unhealthy, and to people who avoid caffeine for religious reasons. The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church) advises its members to refrain from drinking coffee, as church doctrine interprets a prohibition against \"hot drinks\" to include coffee in all forms. The Seventh-day Adventist Church has traditionally regarded caffeine as an unhealthful substance, and advised its members to avoid all food and drink containing caffeine, including coffee, although younger members do consume coffee."],"thumb":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/JJ_Darboven_Koff.jpg/500px-JJ_Darboven_Koff.jpg","photos":[{"file":"JJ Darboven Koff.jpg","src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/JJ_Darboven_Koff.jpg/960px-JJ_Darboven_Koff.jpg","w":800,"h":1067,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:JJ_Darboven_Koff.jpg","author":"J. J. Darboven","license":"CC BY-SA 3.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0","caption":"Koff coffee substitute of J. J. Darboven, Hamburg, Germany. Photographed at Museum für Hamburgische Geschichte, Hamburg, Germany"},{"file":"KaffeeMix.jpg","src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/KaffeeMix.jpg/960px-KaffeeMix.jpg","w":800,"h":970,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:KaffeeMix.jpg","author":"Illustratedjc","license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0","caption":"A package of \"Kaffee Mix\" (51% coffee, 49% other) produced in East Germany, on display as part of the \"Alltag in der DDR\" (Everyday life in the GDR) exhibit of "},{"file":"Oberlindobers feigenkaffee.jpg","src":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/eb/Oberlindobers_feigenkaffee.jpg","w":800,"h":1273,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Oberlindobers_feigenkaffee.jpg","author":"Oberlindober, ca 1900","license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0","caption":"Coffee substitute, advertisement"},{"file":"Surrogatkaffe Cafenco Nordiska museet NMA.0097784.jpg","src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Surrogatkaffe_Cafenco_Nordiska_museet_NMA.0097784.jpg/960px-Surrogatkaffe_Cafenco_Nordiska_museet_NMA.0097784.jpg","w":800,"h":1113,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Surrogatkaffe_Cafenco_Nordiska_museet_NMA.0097784.jpg","author":"Erik Holmén","license":"CC BY 4.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0","caption":"Surrogatkaffe ”Cafenco”.Detta fotografi tillhör en samling bilder från svartvita glasnegativ av Nordiska kompaniets fotograf Erik Holmén, fotograferade mellan c"}],"coords":null,"flag":"","prod":null,"gbif":null,"wd":null,"recipe":null,"inat":null,"cupping":null,"wcr":null},"coffee-grinder":{"id":"coffee-grinder","type":"topic","curated":false,"name":"Burr mill","title":"Burr mill","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burr_mill","desc":"Mill used to grind hard food products between two burrs","about":["A burr mill, or burr grinder, is a mill used to grind hard, small food products between two revolving abrasive surfaces separated by a distance usually set by the user. When the two surfaces are set far apart, the resulting ground material is coarser, and when the two surfaces are set closer together, the resulting ground material is finer and smaller. Often, the device includes a revolving screw that pushes the food through. It may be powered electrically or manually.","Burr mills do not heat the ground product by friction as much as blade grinders (\"choppers\"), and produce particles of a uniform size determined by the separation between the grinding surfaces.","Food burr mills are typically designed for a specific purpose, such as grinding coffee beans, dried peppercorns, coarse salt, various spices, or poppy seeds as an example. Coffee mills for volume consumption are usually powered by electric motors, but fast and precise manual mills have experienced an uptick in popularity in the 2020s for individual-serving pour-over and espresso. Domestic pepper, salt, and spice mills, used to sprinkle a little seasoning on food, are usually operated manually, sometimes by a battery-powered motor."],"thumb":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Coffee_grinder_mechanism.jpg/500px-Coffee_grinder_mechanism.jpg","photos":[{"file":"2025-06-01 Musée Le Secq des Tournelles 125629297.jpg","src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/2025-06-01_Mus%C3%A9e_Le_Secq_des_Tournelles_125629297.jpg/960px-2025-06-01_Mus%C3%A9e_Le_Secq_des_Tournelles_125629297.jpg","w":800,"h":1065,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:2025-06-01_Mus%C3%A9e_Le_Secq_des_Tournelles_125629297.jpg","author":"Bärbel Miemietz","license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0","caption":"Coffee grinders in the Musée Le Secq des Tournelles, an ironwork museum in Rouen, Normandy."},{"file":"Coffee grinder mechanism.jpg","src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Coffee_grinder_mechanism.jpg/960px-Coffee_grinder_mechanism.jpg","w":800,"h":1104,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Coffee_grinder_mechanism.jpg","author":"Wikimalte","license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0","caption":"Coffee grinder with cone-shaped burr mill mechanism"},{"file":"Disposable salt mill, computed tomogram (4).jpg","src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Disposable_salt_mill%2C_computed_tomogram_%284%29.jpg/960px-Disposable_salt_mill%2C_computed_tomogram_%284%29.jpg","w":800,"h":666,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Disposable_salt_mill,_computed_tomogram_(4).jpg","author":"User:SecretDisc","license":"CC BY-SA 3.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0","caption":"Reconstructed three-dimensional computed-tomography image of a disposable salt mill. Inside view of the grinding gear with a bit of glass and a few salt crystal"},{"file":"Kaffekvarn - Coffee Grinder - Klingenthal - 2025.jpg","src":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/10/Kaffekvarn_-_Coffee_Grinder_-_Klingenthal_-_2025.jpg","w":800,"h":1137,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Kaffekvarn_-_Coffee_Grinder_-_Klingenthal_-_2025.jpg","author":"Foto: Jonn Leffmann","license":"CC BY 4.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0","caption":"En kaffekvarn från tyska Klingenthal."},{"file":"Manuele koffiemolen van het merk Geska - INDUS V09696.JPG","src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Manuele_koffiemolen_van_het_merk_Geska_-_INDUS_V09696.JPG/960px-Manuele_koffiemolen_van_het_merk_Geska_-_INDUS_V09696.JPG","w":800,"h":600,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Manuele_koffiemolen_van_het_merk_Geska_-_INDUS_V09696.JPG","author":"Unknown","license":"CC0","licenseUrl":"http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/deed.en","caption":"Koffiemolen in ureumformaldehyde met gemarmerd effect van het merk Geska Stahlmahl Werk. Bewaard in originele doos met duitstalige handleiding."},{"file":"Manuele koffiemolen van het merk Pe De - INDUS V09692.JPG","src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Manuele_koffiemolen_van_het_merk_Pe_De_-_INDUS_V09692.JPG/960px-Manuele_koffiemolen_van_het_merk_Pe_De_-_INDUS_V09692.JPG","w":800,"h":1067,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Manuele_koffiemolen_van_het_merk_Pe_De_-_INDUS_V09692.JPG","author":"Unknown","license":"CC0","licenseUrl":"http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/deed.en","caption":"Deze koffiemolen in bakeliet werd ontworpen in 1935 door Peter Dienes. Er zijn verschillende uitvoeringen waarbij logo, opschriften en kleur wijzigen. De laatst"},{"file":"Moulins Peugeot.jpg","src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Moulins_Peugeot.jpg/960px-Moulins_Peugeot.jpg","w":800,"h":1067,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Moulins_Peugeot.jpg","author":"Chris93","license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0","caption":"Moulins à poivre et sel de la marque Peugeot."},{"file":"Peugeot moulin à café, photo 1.JPG","src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Peugeot_moulin_%C3%A0_caf%C3%A9%2C_photo_1.JPG/960px-Peugeot_moulin_%C3%A0_caf%C3%A9%2C_photo_1.JPG","w":800,"h":600,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Peugeot_moulin_%C3%A0_caf%C3%A9,_photo_1.JPG","author":"Alf van Beem","license":"CC0","licenseUrl":"http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/deed.en","caption":"Peugeot moulin à café."}],"coords":null,"flag":"","prod":null,"gbif":null,"wd":null,"recipe":null,"inat":null,"cupping":null,"wcr":null},"coffee-wastewater":{"id":"coffee-wastewater","type":"topic","curated":false,"name":"Coffee wastewater","title":"Coffee wastewater","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coffee_wastewater","desc":"Byproduct of coffee processing","about":["Coffee wastewater, also known as coffee effluent, is a byproduct of coffee processing. Its treatment and disposal is an important environmental consideration for coffee processing as wastewater is a form of industrial water pollution.","The unpicked fruit of the coffee tree, known as the coffee cherry, undergoes a long process to make it ready for consumption. This process often entails use of large quantities of water and the production of considerable amounts of solid and liquid waste. The type of waste is a result of the type of process that the coffee cherries go through. The conversion of the cherry to oro or green bean (the dried coffee bean which is ready to be exported) is achieved through either a dry, semi-washed or fully washed process."],"thumb":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/bf/Aegopodium_podagraria1_ies.jpg","photos":[{"file":"Aegopodium podagraria1 ies.jpg","src":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/bf/Aegopodium_podagraria1_ies.jpg","w":800,"h":700,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Aegopodium_podagraria1_ies.jpg","author":"Frank Vincentz","license":"CC BY-SA 3.0","licenseUrl":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/","caption":"Aegopodium podagraria"},{"file":"Coffee Mechinacal Seperator.jpg","src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Coffee_Mechinacal_Seperator.jpg/960px-Coffee_Mechinacal_Seperator.jpg","w":800,"h":454,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Coffee_Mechinacal_Seperator.jpg","author":"No machine-readable author provided. Ronchy~commonswiki assumed (based on copyri","license":"Public domain","licenseUrl":"","caption":"Procesamiento de café por el método húmedo"},{"file":"Coffee Processing Seperation vats.jpg","src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Coffee_Processing_Seperation_vats.jpg/960px-Coffee_Processing_Seperation_vats.jpg","w":800,"h":434,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Coffee_Processing_Seperation_vats.jpg","author":"No machine-readable author provided. Ronchy~commonswiki assumed (based on copyri","license":"Public domain","licenseUrl":"","caption":"Clasificación de los granos por separación en cubas de agua"}],"coords":null,"flag":"","prod":null,"gbif":null,"wd":null,"recipe":null,"inat":null,"cupping":null,"wcr":null},"coffee-and-health":{"id":"coffee-and-health","type":"topic","curated":false,"name":"Health effects of coffee","title":"Health effects of coffee","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Health_effects_of_coffee","desc":"Risks and possible benefits of drinking coffee","about":["The health effects of coffee consumption are varied and include both potential  benefits and health risks.","A 2017 umbrella review of meta-analyses found that the consumption of coffee is generally safe within usual levels of intake and is more likely to improve health outcomes than to cause harm at doses of 3 or 4 cups of coffee daily. Exceptions include possible increased risk in women having bone fractures, and a possible increased risk in fetal loss or decreased birth weight during pregnancy. Results were complicated by poor study quality, and differences in age, gender, health status, and serving size."],"thumb":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Coffe.jpg/500px-Coffe.jpg","photos":[{"file":"Coffe.jpg","src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Coffe.jpg/960px-Coffe.jpg","w":800,"h":533,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Coffe.jpg","author":"Diegojaf22","license":"CC BY 3.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0","caption":"Arabic Coffe"}],"coords":null,"flag":"","prod":null,"gbif":null,"wd":null,"recipe":null,"inat":null,"cupping":null,"wcr":null},"economics-of-coffee":{"id":"economics-of-coffee","type":"topic","curated":false,"name":"Economics of coffee","title":"Economics of coffee","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economics_of_coffee","desc":"","about":["Coffee is a popular beverage and an important agricultural product. Tens of millions of small producers in developing countries make their living growing coffee. Over 2.25 billion cups of coffee are consumed in the world daily. Over 90 percent of coffee production takes place in developing countries — mainly South America — while consumption happens primarily in industrialized economies. There are 25 million small producers who rely on coffee for a living worldwide. In Brazil, where almost a third of the world's coffee is produced, over five million people are employed in the cultivation and harvesting of over three billion coffee plants; it is a more labor-intensive culture than alternative cultures of the same regions, such as sugar cane or cattle, as its cultivation is not automated, requiring frequent human attention.","Coffee is a major export commodity and was the top agricultural export for 12 countries in 2004; the world's seventh-largest legal agricultural export, by value, in 2005; and \"the second most valuable commodity exported by developing countries,\" from 1970 to circa 2000, which is frequently misstated — see coffee commodity market. Unroasted, or green, coffee beans comprise one of the most traded agricultural commodities in the world; the commodity is traded in futures contracts on many exchanges, including the New York Board of Trade, New York Mercantile Exchange, New York Intercontinental Exchange. Important trading and processing centers for coffee in Europe are Hamburg and Trieste."],"thumb":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Coffee_beans2.jpg/500px-Coffee_beans2.jpg","photos":[{"file":"Coffee beans2.jpg","src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Coffee_beans2.jpg/960px-Coffee_beans2.jpg","w":800,"h":533,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Coffee_beans2.jpg","author":"Popo le Chien","license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0","caption":"Torrefied coffee beans"},{"file":"Coffee shadow trees costa rica.jpg","src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Coffee_shadow_trees_costa_rica.jpg/960px-Coffee_shadow_trees_costa_rica.jpg","w":800,"h":600,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Coffee_shadow_trees_costa_rica.jpg","author":"The original uploader was DirkvdM at English Wikipedia.","license":"CC BY 1.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/1.0","caption":"Photograph by Dirk van der Made (User:DirkvdM - for more photos see user:DirkvdM/Photographs). Coffee plantation with shade trees in Orosi, Costa Rica, 1 Februa"},{"file":"DirkvdM orosi hill plantation.jpg","src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/DirkvdM_orosi_hill_plantation.jpg/960px-DirkvdM_orosi_hill_plantation.jpg","w":800,"h":600,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:DirkvdM_orosi_hill_plantation.jpg","author":"Unknown","license":"CC BY-SA 3.0","licenseUrl":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/","caption":""},{"file":"Coffee Imported per Country in 2005(USDA)v2.png","src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Coffee_Imported_per_Country_in_2005%28USDA%29v2.png/960px-Coffee_Imported_per_Country_in_2005%28USDA%29v2.png","w":800,"h":370,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Coffee_Imported_per_Country_in_2005(USDA)v2.png","author":"User:Zantastik","license":"CC BY-SA 3.0","licenseUrl":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/","caption":"This map shows coffee imports, by country, for selected countries. Figures are in thousands of metric tonnes. Note that some countries re-export a large percent"}],"coords":null,"flag":"","prod":null,"gbif":null,"wd":null,"recipe":null,"inat":null,"cupping":null,"wcr":null},"coffee-culture":{"id":"coffee-culture","type":"topic","curated":false,"name":"Coffee culture","title":"Coffee culture","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coffee_culture","desc":"Traditions and social behaviors associated with the consumption of coffee","about":["Coffee culture is the set of traditions and etiquette that surround the consumption of coffee, particularly as a social lubricant. The term also refers to the cultural diffusion and adoption of coffee as a widely consumed stimulant. In the late-twentieth century, espresso became an increasingly dominant drink contributing to coffee culture, particularly in the Western world and other urban areas worldwide. In the early twenty-first century, mobile coffee carts and pop-up espresso bars also became part of coffee culture, offering specialty drinks at markets, festivals, and retail events.","The culture surrounding coffee and coffeehouses dates back to 16th-century Ottoman Turkey. Coffeehouses in Western Europe and the Eastern Mediterranean were not only social hubs but also artistic and intellectual centres. In the late 17th and 18th centuries, coffeehouses in London became popular meeting places for artists, writers, and socialites, as well as centres for political and commercial activity. In the 19th century, a special coffee house culture developed in Vienna, the Viennese coffee house, which then spread throughout Central Europe. Les Deux Magots in Paris, now a popular tourist attraction, was once associated with the intellectuals Jean-Paul Sartre and Simone de Beauvoir.","Elements of modern coffeehouses include slow-paced gourmet service, alternative brewing techniques, and well-decorated atmosphere."],"thumb":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b2/Syria.Damascus.CoffeeHouse.01.jpg","photos":[{"file":"Syria.Damascus.CoffeeHouse.01.jpg","src":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b2/Syria.Damascus.CoffeeHouse.01.jpg","w":800,"h":600,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Syria.Damascus.CoffeeHouse.01.jpg","author":"The original uploader was Hajor at English Wikipedia.","license":"CC BY 3.0 br","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/br/deed.en","caption":"Playing cards in a coffeehouse, Damascus. Source: Antonio Milena/ABr. 01.Dec.2003 Photograph copied from the website of Agência Brasil, which states: The Agênci"},{"file":"20140402 sanmarco gallery 005 web.jpg","src":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/09/20140402_sanmarco_gallery_005_web.jpg","w":800,"h":533,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:20140402_sanmarco_gallery_005_web.jpg","author":"Alexandros Delithanassis","license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0","caption":"Interno del bancone"},{"file":"Anders Truedsson Selander (1841) & family c 1916.jpg","src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Anders_Truedsson_Selander_%281841%29_%26_family_c_1916.jpg/960px-Anders_Truedsson_Selander_%281841%29_%26_family_c_1916.jpg","w":800,"h":522,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Anders_Truedsson_Selander_(1841)_%26_family_c_1916.jpg","author":"Unknown 1910s photographer (Demitz files acquired by FamSAC)","license":"Public domain","licenseUrl":"","caption":"Anders Truedsson Selander (1841-1920), wife Sissa (Svensdotter), daughter Hanna Selander Pettersson, son-in-law K. G. Pettersson & Pettersson grandchildren "},{"file":"Cafe Braeunerhof Wien 2004.jpg","src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Cafe_Braeunerhof_Wien_2004.jpg/960px-Cafe_Braeunerhof_Wien_2004.jpg","w":800,"h":600,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Cafe_Braeunerhof_Wien_2004.jpg","author":"Photo: Andreas Praefcke","license":"CC BY 3.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0","caption":"Typical scene in a Viennese \"Kaffeehaus\" café (coffee with tap water and newspaper), in the Café Bräunerhof in Vienna, Austria"},{"file":"Cafe culture eating out in the squares in Aix in Provence France.jpg","src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Cafe_culture_eating_out_in_the_squares_in_Aix_in_Provence_France.jpg/960px-Cafe_culture_eating_out_in_the_squares_in_Aix_in_Provence_France.jpg","w":800,"h":600,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Cafe_culture_eating_out_in_the_squares_in_Aix_in_Provence_France.jpg","author":"FrogsLegs71","license":"CC BY-SA 3.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0","caption":"Cafe culture eating out in the squares in Aix in Provence France"},{"file":"Coffee and Cheesecake.jpg","src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Coffee_and_Cheesecake.jpg/960px-Coffee_and_Cheesecake.jpg","w":800,"h":600,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Coffee_and_Cheesecake.jpg","author":"Japleenpasricha","license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0","caption":"Coffee and Cheesecake in a cafe in Helsinki, Finland"},{"file":"Flatwhite2 (cropped) (cropped).jpg","src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Flatwhite2_%28cropped%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/960px-Flatwhite2_%28cropped%29_%28cropped%29.jpg","w":800,"h":638,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Flatwhite2_(cropped)_(cropped).jpg","author":"Finbar Concaig","license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0","caption":"A Flat White with Rosetta latte art as served at a Melbourne Cafe."},{"file":"John Frederick Lewis 004.jpg","src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/John_Frederick_Lewis_004.jpg/960px-John_Frederick_Lewis_004.jpg","w":800,"h":1278,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:John_Frederick_Lewis_004.jpg","author":"John Frederick Lewis","license":"Public domain","licenseUrl":"","caption":""}],"coords":null,"flag":"","prod":null,"gbif":null,"wd":null,"recipe":null,"inat":null,"cupping":null,"wcr":null},"kaldi":{"id":"kaldi","type":"topic","curated":false,"name":"Kaldi","title":"Kaldi","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaldi","desc":"Legendary Ethiopian goatherd credited with discovering coffee","about":["Kaldi was the name of a legendary goatherd who is credited with discovering coffee in 850 CE, according to popular legend, after which such crop entered the Islamic world and then the rest of the world."],"thumb":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/KALDI_Coffee_Farm_Nagoya_Minato.JPG/500px-KALDI_Coffee_Farm_Nagoya_Minato.JPG","photos":[{"file":"KALDI Coffee Farm Nagoya Minato.JPG","src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/KALDI_Coffee_Farm_Nagoya_Minato.JPG/960px-KALDI_Coffee_Farm_Nagoya_Minato.JPG","w":800,"h":600,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:KALDI_Coffee_Farm_Nagoya_Minato.JPG","author":"ARICA13","license":"CC BY-SA 3.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0","caption":"カルディコーヒーファーム名古屋みなと店"}],"coords":null,"flag":"","prod":null,"gbif":null,"wd":null,"recipe":null,"inat":null,"cupping":null,"wcr":null},"coffee-in-world-cultures":{"id":"coffee-in-world-cultures","type":"topic","curated":false,"name":"Coffee in world cultures","title":"Coffee in world cultures","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coffee_in_world_cultures","desc":"Role of coffee in cultures around the world","about":["Countries have cultivated coffee beans into various vehicles to satisfy needs unique to each country. Whether it be for energy, socialization, or tradition, the cultivation of coffee has served as a motivating force of the world. The modernization of coffee and its unique forms across cultures are markers of tradition and modern changes across continents. Coffee culture appears in the way in which people consume coffee, the way they make it, and where coffee is served and shared. Each of these factors combined reflects the lives of the people in these countries and the importance of coffee across the world."],"thumb":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Caf%C3%A9_Comercial_Interior_1.jpg/500px-Caf%C3%A9_Comercial_Interior_1.jpg","photos":[{"file":"Bogota's best coffee. 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Baker","license":"CC BY 2.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0","caption":"Fair trade Coffee growers in Tacuba in the Parque Nacional El Imposible, El Salvador"},{"file":"Kaffeeproduktion Venezuela.JPG","src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Kaffeeproduktion_Venezuela.JPG/960px-Kaffeeproduktion_Venezuela.JPG","w":800,"h":600,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Kaffeeproduktion_Venezuela.JPG","author":"Anagoria","license":"CC BY 3.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0","caption":"Coffee production in Venezuela"},{"file":"Maejantai Chiang Rai province 04.JPG","src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Maejantai_Chiang_Rai_province_04.JPG/960px-Maejantai_Chiang_Rai_province_04.JPG","w":800,"h":514,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Maejantai_Chiang_Rai_province_04.JPG","author":"Takeaway","license":"CC BY-SA 3.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0","caption":"A coffee plant nursery in Maejantai village, Chiang Rai province, The coffee plants are of the Arabica Catuia variety."}],"coords":null,"flag":"","prod":null,"gbif":null,"wd":null,"recipe":null,"inat":null,"cupping":null,"wcr":null},"coffee-bag":{"id":"coffee-bag","type":"topic","curated":false,"name":"Coffee bag","title":"Coffee bag","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coffee_bag","desc":"Container used for shipping and storing coffee","about":["A coffee bag is a container for shipping and storing coffee. Coffee beans are usually transported in large jute sacks, while coffee sold to consumers may be packaged as beans or ground coffee in a small, sealed plastic bag."],"thumb":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8c/Bags_of_coffee.jpg","photos":[{"file":"Bags of coffee.jpg","src":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8c/Bags_of_coffee.jpg","w":800,"h":890,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Bags_of_coffee.jpg","author":"Pkgx","license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0","caption":"Bags of coffee at a grocery store"},{"file":"CXLT Coffee.jpg","src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/CXLT_Coffee.jpg/960px-CXLT_Coffee.jpg","w":800,"h":1122,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:CXLT_Coffee.jpg","author":"FoxLad (talk)","license":"CC BY 3.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0","caption":"A 500 gram bag of coffee beans purchased from a grocery. Cost about $4."},{"file":"Coffee grinder - store.jpg","src":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/39/Coffee_grinder_-_store.jpg","w":800,"h":1067,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Coffee_grinder_-_store.jpg","author":"Pkgx","license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0","caption":"Coffee grinder in a grocery store with a paper bag for the ground coffee"},{"file":"Counter Culture Coffee Bag.jpg","src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Counter_Culture_Coffee_Bag.jpg/960px-Counter_Culture_Coffee_Bag.jpg","w":800,"h":1067,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Counter_Culture_Coffee_Bag.jpg","author":"AirlieAce0316","license":"CC BY-SA 3.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0","caption":"12 oz bag of La Golondrina Coffee"},{"file":"Sacos de café, Casa do Bandeirante 2.JPG","src":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/bb/Sacos_de_caf%C3%A9%2C_Casa_do_Bandeirante_2.JPG","w":800,"h":564,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Sacos_de_caf%C3%A9,_Casa_do_Bandeirante_2.JPG","author":"Dornicke","license":"Public domain","licenseUrl":"","caption":"Sacos de café, Casa do Bandeirante, São Paulo, Brasil."}],"coords":null,"flag":"","prod":null,"gbif":null,"wd":{"qid":"Q28051230","madeFrom":["hessian"]},"recipe":null,"inat":null,"cupping":null,"wcr":null},"barista":{"id":"barista","type":"topic","curated":false,"name":"Barista","title":"Barista","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barista","desc":"Person who prepares and serves coffee drinks","about":["A barista ( bə-REE-stə, bə-RIST-ə, Italian: [baˈrista]; lit. 'bartender') is a person, usually a coffeehouse employee, who prepares and serves espresso-based coffee drinks and other beverages."],"thumb":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Latte_at_Doppio_Ristretto_Chiang_Mai_02.jpg/500px-Latte_at_Doppio_Ristretto_Chiang_Mai_02.jpg","photos":[{"file":"Gwilym Davies.jpg","src":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e9/Gwilym_Davies.jpg","w":800,"h":1199,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Gwilym_Davies.jpg","author":"Liz Clayton","license":"CC BY 3.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0","caption":"Gwilym Davies composing his signature drink at the 2009 World Barista Championship in Atlanta, Georgia."},{"file":"Latte at Doppio Ristretto Chiang Mai 02.jpg","src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Latte_at_Doppio_Ristretto_Chiang_Mai_02.jpg/960px-Latte_at_Doppio_Ristretto_Chiang_Mai_02.jpg","w":800,"h":1208,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Latte_at_Doppio_Ristretto_Chiang_Mai_02.jpg","author":"Takeaway","license":"CC BY-SA 3.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0","caption":"Free pouring of latte art at Doppio Ristretto in Chiang Mai. The artist won several championships in Australia and came in 6th at the world championship in 2011"},{"file":"Linea doubleespresso.jpg","src":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f7/Linea_doubleespresso.jpg","w":800,"h":800,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Linea_doubleespresso.jpg","author":"The original uploader was Coffeegeek at English Wikipedia.","license":"Public domain","licenseUrl":"","caption":"Image by Mark Prince, CoffeeGeek.com, 2006, rights released for wikipedia. Image can also be found at https://www.flickr.com/photos/coffeegeek/113110988/"}],"coords":null,"flag":"","prod":null,"gbif":null,"wd":null,"recipe":null,"inat":null,"cupping":null,"wcr":null},"shade-grown-coffee":{"id":"shade-grown-coffee","type":"topic","curated":false,"name":"Shade-grown coffee","title":"Shade-grown coffee","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shade-grown_coffee","desc":"Coffee grown under a canopy of trees","about":["Shade-grown coffee is a form of crop produced from coffee plants grown under a canopy of trees.A canopy of assorted types of shade trees is created to cultivate shade-grown coffee. This method allows shade-grown coffee systems to mimic natural forest conditions, and also promotes ecological interactions.  Increased canopy cover in coffee systems has been shown to enhance biodiversity and support conservation efforts.","Shade-grown coffee systems can improve soil stability, reduce erosion, and enhance water retention, compared to full-sun systems. Further, shade-grown systems can also contribute to climate change mitigation, as it supports carbon storage and reduces deforestation.","Because it incorporates principles of natural ecology to promote natural ecological relationships, shade-grown coffee can be considered an offshoot of agricultural permaculture or agroforestry. The resulting coffee can be marketed as \"shade-grown\"."],"thumb":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7f/Canopy_of_a_traditional_shade_coffee_plantation_in_Guatemala.jpg","photos":[{"file":"Canopy of a traditional shade coffee plantation in Guatemala.jpg","src":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7f/Canopy_of_a_traditional_shade_coffee_plantation_in_Guatemala.jpg","w":800,"h":1183,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Canopy_of_a_traditional_shade_coffee_plantation_in_Guatemala.jpg","author":"John Blake","license":"Public domain","licenseUrl":"","caption":"Image of canopy trees over a traditional shade grown coffee plantation in Guatemala. Most trees are left undisturbed and coffee shrubs are planted in the unders"},{"file":"Coffee beans being sorted and pulped.jpg","src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Coffee_beans_being_sorted_and_pulped.jpg/960px-Coffee_beans_being_sorted_and_pulped.jpg","w":800,"h":600,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Coffee_beans_being_sorted_and_pulped.jpg","author":"Unknown","license":"CC BY-SA 2.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.0","caption":""},{"file":"Coffee shadow trees costa rica.jpg","src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Coffee_shadow_trees_costa_rica.jpg/960px-Coffee_shadow_trees_costa_rica.jpg","w":800,"h":600,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Coffee_shadow_trees_costa_rica.jpg","author":"The original uploader was DirkvdM at English Wikipedia.","license":"CC BY 1.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/1.0","caption":"Photograph by Dirk van der Made (User:DirkvdM - for more photos see user:DirkvdM/Photographs). Coffee plantation with shade trees in Orosi, Costa Rica, 1 Februa"},{"file":"Shade grown coffee in Guatemala.jpg","src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Shade_grown_coffee_in_Guatemala.jpg/960px-Shade_grown_coffee_in_Guatemala.jpg","w":800,"h":543,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Shade_grown_coffee_in_Guatemala.jpg","author":"John Blake","license":"Public domain","licenseUrl":"","caption":"Shade coffee plantation in Guatemala. This image is typical of a traditional shade coffee plantation in which only some or none of the canopy has been removed a"}],"coords":null,"flag":"","prod":null,"gbif":null,"wd":null,"recipe":null,"inat":null,"cupping":null,"wcr":null},"used-coffee-grounds":{"id":"used-coffee-grounds","type":"topic","curated":false,"name":"Used coffee grounds","title":"Used coffee grounds","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Used_coffee_grounds","desc":"Waste product from brewing coffee","about":["Used coffee grounds are the result of brewing coffee and are the final product after preparation of coffee. Despite having several highly-desirable chemical components, used coffee grounds are generally regarded as waste, and they are usually thrown away or composted. As of 2019, it was estimated that over 15 million tonnes of spent coffee grounds were generated annually. With this quantity of waste and the chemical properties of used coffee grounds, they have several potential uses."],"thumb":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f1/Ground_coffee_in_boxes.jpg","photos":[{"file":"Ground coffee in boxes.jpg","src":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f1/Ground_coffee_in_boxes.jpg","w":800,"h":600,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Ground_coffee_in_boxes.jpg","author":"Shanegenziuk","license":"CC BY-SA 3.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0","caption":"A large supply of coffee grounds being dried out in cardboard boxes."},{"file":"Knockbox.jpg","src":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/da/Knockbox.jpg","w":800,"h":1067,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Knockbox.jpg","author":"TROGG at English Wikipedia","license":"Public domain","licenseUrl":"","caption":"Taken 2009-5-10 12:55 PM GMT -8:00 by TROGG. All rights released."},{"file":"Oyster mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus) mycelium on coffee grounds.JPG","src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Oyster_mushroom_%28Pleurotus_ostreatus%29_mycelium_on_coffee_grounds.JPG/960px-Oyster_mushroom_%28Pleurotus_ostreatus%29_mycelium_on_coffee_grounds.JPG","w":800,"h":600,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Oyster_mushroom_(Pleurotus_ostreatus)_mycelium_on_coffee_grounds.JPG","author":"Tobi Kellner","license":"CC BY-SA 3.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0","caption":"Oyster mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus) mycelium growing on coffee grounds in a petri dish"},{"file":"Worms-from-coffee-compost-pile.jpg","src":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/15/Worms-from-coffee-compost-pile.jpg","w":800,"h":600,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Worms-from-coffee-compost-pile.jpg","author":"Shanegenziuk","license":"CC BY-SA 3.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0","caption":"A handful of healthy worms coming out of coffee compost"}],"coords":null,"flag":"","prod":null,"gbif":null,"wd":null,"recipe":null,"inat":null,"cupping":null,"wcr":null},"green-coffee-extract":{"id":"green-coffee-extract","type":"topic","curated":false,"name":"Green coffee extract","title":"Green coffee extract","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Green_coffee_extract","desc":"Extract of unroasted coffee beans","about":["Green coffee extract is an extract of unroasted, green coffee beans. It is used in the Swiss water process for decaffeinating coffee. It has also been used as a weight-loss supplement and as an ingredient in other weight-loss products, although there is insufficient clinical evidence that it is effective or safe for such uses. In 2014, one of the primary trials showing benefit was retracted and the company that sponsored the study, Applied Food Sciences, was fined by the Federal Trade Commission for making baseless weight-loss claims using the flawed study. Green coffee extract can also be prepared as an infusion from green coffee beans."],"thumb":"","photos":[],"coords":null,"flag":"","prod":null,"gbif":null,"wd":null,"recipe":null,"inat":null,"cupping":null,"wcr":null},"coffee-cherry-tea":{"id":"coffee-cherry-tea","type":"topic","curated":false,"name":"Coffee cherry tea","title":"Coffee cherry tea","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coffee_cherry_tea","desc":"Herbal tea","about":["Coffee cherry tea is an herbal tea  made from the dried skins and/or pulp of the fruit of the coffee plant that remain after the coffee beans have been collected from within. It is also known as cascara, from the Spanish cáscara, meaning \"husk\" not to be confused with the Frangula purshiana plant of the same name. It is originally from Yemen and Ethiopia. Starting about 2005 it was independently developed and promoted for export by Salvadoran coffee farmer Aida Batlle. The dried whole fruits are also eaten like raisins."],"thumb":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Cascara%2C_Coffee_cherry_tea-6448.jpg/500px-Cascara%2C_Coffee_cherry_tea-6448.jpg","photos":[{"file":"Cascara, Coffee cherry tea-6448.jpg","src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Cascara%2C_Coffee_cherry_tea-6448.jpg/960px-Cascara%2C_Coffee_cherry_tea-6448.jpg","w":800,"h":600,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Cascara,_Coffee_cherry_tea-6448.jpg","author":"Raimond Spekking","license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0","caption":"Cascara, Coffee cherry tea - dried skins of the coffee fruit"},{"file":"Cascara, Coffee cherry 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